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As is well known, when using an electromagnetic flowmeter for measurement, the liquid being measured must be conductive and its conductivity must not be below a certain threshold (i.e., the lower limit). The conductivity of industrial water and its aqueous solutions is greater than 10^-4 S/cm; the conductivity of acids, bases, and salts ranges from 10^-4 to 10^-1 S/cm, and this level is not a problem. Low-purity distilled water has a conductivity of 10^-5 S/cm, which also poses no issue. Petroleum products and organic solvents cannot be used if their electrical conductivity is too low. According to available information, some pure liquids or those with low electrical conductivity are considered unsuitable for use. However, in practical applications, there are cases where they can be used due to the presence of impurities, which actually help to increase conductivity. For aqueous solutions, the conductivity values provided in the data were measured in the laboratory using pure water as a base; however, the actual solutions used in practice may be prepared with industrial water, resulting in a higher conductivity than what is listed, which is also advantageous for flow measurement. There is also another case: for liquids that cannot be measured by electromagnetic flowmeters installed on pipelines in the absence of available conductivity data, it is considered acceptable to take samples from the pipeline on-site and send them to the laboratory offline to measure their conductivity using a conductivity meter. This is because the liquid measured during the offline sampling process has changed compared to that in the pipeline; for example, the liquid has absorbed CO2 or NOx from the atmosphere, forming trace amounts of carbonic acid or nitric acid, which alters its conductivity. For more information, please visit the company’s official website at http://www.yb1518.com/. Please retain this link when reproducing the content! http://www.yb1518.com/UploadFiles/2012717174126829.jpg