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Thoughts on Learning AutoCAD 2000 – Floor 1. Thoughts on Learning AutoCAD 2000 – Floor 2. A Review of the Development History of AutoCAD – Floor 3. System Variables in AutoCAD 2002 – Floor 4. Ways to Select Entities in AutoCAD – Floor 5. Loading and Unloading ARX Programs – Floor 6. Customizing Fill Patterns in AutoCAD 2000 – Floor 7. Using Shortcut Commands – Floor 8. AutoCAD 2004 and the New DWF File Format – Floor 9. Selected Tips for Using AutoCAD. The “National CAD Application Training Network Engineering Design Center” has developed a unified syllabus for “Computer-Aided Drawing (Beginner Level)” as well as unified textbooks, which have been updated to cover AutoCAD 2000； In my free time, I signed up for training in this program. After the training, I took an exam and obtained a junior certificate. I have some insights to share with everyone:Experiences and Methods
1. A solid foundation is important
Practice has shown that the ability to draw using manual drawing tools forms the basis for computer-aided drawing skills. To learn AutoCAD, one needs certain knowledge and skills in descriptive geometry, as well as the ability to read technical drawings, especially geometric drawing skills. Generally speaking, those in my class who had a good grasp of engineering drawing found it easier to learn AutoCAD and achieved better results! 2. Proceed step by step The entire learning process should be carried out in a step-by-step manner; one should first learn the basic concepts of computer-aided drawing, such as relative rectangular coordinates and relative polar coordinates, so as to be able to master the usage techniques of AutoCAD 2000 gradually, starting from the basics and moving on to more complex aspects. 3. Apply what you learn When learning the commands of AutoCAD 2000, it is important to always combine that learning with practical applications; do not focus mainly on learning each command in isolation ； The principle of applying what has been learned should be applied throughout the entire learning process, so as to gain a deep and vivid understanding of drawing commands, which helps in developing the ability to use AutoCAD 2000 to complete drawings independently. 4. Practice makes perfect. The accompanying \"Computer Drawing * Exercise Book\", used as a manual for hands-on experiments, helps us to understand the commands of AutoCAD 2000 more deeply and become more proficient in using them. One must force oneself to work on several comprehensive examples, carrying out the graphic drawing in detail for each one, so as to gain an overall understanding of the entire drawing process; the goal is to be able to apply what has been learned from the AutoCAD 2000 courses in actual work. Master the skills 1. Understand common issues (1) When drawing the same diagram, some students draw it at an appropriate size, while others draw it so small that it’s barely visible. Why is this? This is because the operation to set the boundaries of the drawing area was not performed, or although the LIMITS command was used to set them, it was forgotten to reconfigure the drawing area using the ALL option in the ZOOM command. The setting of the drawing area is determined based on actual drawing requirements. (2) Some students used a line style with the name “HIDDEN” to draw segments, only to find that the resulting lines appeared as solid lines. What causes this? This is caused by an inappropriate \"linear scale\"; in other words, the \"linear scale\" may be too large or too small. The solution is to open the Linear Manager dialog box and adjust its “Global Scale Factor” to an appropriate value. (3) After dimensioning, it sometimes happens that the dimension text cannot be seen. What causes this? This is because the overall scale factor for dimensioning has been set too low; open the Dimensioning Style dialog box and increase its value. The above three issues are merely the three most typical problems and difficulties that my classmates encountered while using the computer. There are countless practical problems, and it is essential for trainees to fully understand them, as this helps to improve the quality and efficiency of drawing. 2. Comparison is necessary for differentiation. For commands that are easy to confuse, it is important to clarify the differences between them. Such as ZOOM and SCALE, PAN and MOVE, DIVIDE and MEASURE, and so on. 3. Clear hierarchy Layers are like transparent overlays, which can be used to organize different types of graphic information effectively. During the learning process, my classmates, in order to save time, simply selected colors, line types, and line widths and other properties from the dropdown list on the object properties toolbar. This is not good, as it makes it more difficult to work with the information contained in the graphics; it’s important to pay special attention to correcting this bad habit of mine. Ensure strict hierarchical organization and standardized drawing. My experience is that developing good *habits brings tremendous benefits. 4. The line thickness must be clear. The ability to display the line width of solids is a new feature in AutoCAD 2000. By using line widths, it is possible to clearly show the cross-section of components, the depth of elevations, dimension lines, and the thickness of different objects, using both thick and thin lines. As a student, you must specify the line width through layers to display it. Improve the quality of one’s drawings and the level of presentation. 5. Differentiation between internal and external elements Utilizing AutoCAD 2000’s “blocks” and attribute functions can **improve drawing efficiency**. “\"Blocks\" are divided into internal blocks and external blocks. An internal block is a block defined within a file, and it can be used freely within that file. Once defined, an internal block is stored and opened along with the file. External blocks write the main file of the \"block\" to disk, and other graphic files can also use it; it is important to note that this is a key difference between external blocks and internal blocks. 6. Seamless coverage A key point to keep in mind when using pattern filling is that the entities that form the boundaries of the shaded areas must intersect at their endpoints; in other words, the areas must be closed, ensuring seamless coverage” ； Otherwise, incorrect filling will occur. As a trainee, it is best to also learn how to identify \"vulnerabilities\" and fix errors. 7. Text should be written in a standardized manner. Text is an essential part of engineering drawings, including dimension labels, drawing descriptions, annotations, titles, etc. Together with graphics, text conveys the complete design concept. Although AutoCAD 2000 offers strong text processing capabilities, text that meets engineering drawing standards is not provided directly. Therefore, one must learn to set the standard font “Chang Fangsongti”. The brief steps for carrying out this operation are as follows: open the “Text Style” dialog box, create a new style which can be named “Chang Fangsongti”; in the dialog box, change the font name to “Fangsongti GB-2312”, and also set the width ratio to 0.67. The text for dimension labels can be changed to “italic.shx” instead of “FangSong GB-2312”. Another simpler way to format text according to specific rules is to use the “Engineering Text” style provided in the AutoCAD 2000 template files ； Note that before use, start AutoCAD2000 in \"Use Template\" mode, select a national standard title (such as GBA3) to enter drawing mode. Then set the “Engineering” style as the current working style. This method is not mentioned in most textbooks, so trainees should pay attention to adding this training. 8. Special characters – special handling: In actual drawing, it is often necessary to enter certain special characters, such as angle markers and diameter symbols. These can be entered using the control codes provided by AutoCAD, making them easier to master. Entering other special characters, such as the Greek letters “τ”, “α”, “δ”, and so on, is not so easy to master. It requires using the “Other…” option of the MTEXT command to copy Greek letters from special fonts and then paste them into the drawing area. Special attention should be paid to edits such as font conversion. There are also some special texts; for example, “φ” is used frequently in mechanical drawing, and it refers to dimension tolerance specifications with upper and lower tolerances. This can also be achieved using the “stacking” function of the MTEXT command. This is far more convenient than adjusting the corresponding values in the dimensioning dialog box. My personal experience is: it’s extremely convenient! 9. Nothing can be accomplished without following rules and standards. Engineering markings serve as an important basis for part manufacturing, project construction, and component assembly. At any time, in an engineering drawing, technical annotations are an essential and important part. In some cases, engineering annotations are even more important than the drawings. Many of my classmates are not afraid of drawing, but they are afraid of making annotations ； One of the reasons is that there are too many options in the dimensioning method dialog box; it’s difficult to understand them, and it’s unclear how these options work together, which makes it hard to achieve the desired dimensioning results. To this end, in addition to understanding the meaning and common values of the various options in the dialog box, one should also make an effort to follow these five rules: 1. Create a separate layer for dimensioning, so as to keep it apart from other information in the drawing, thereby facilitating various operations. 2. Create a dedicated text style (such as the aforementioned “Long SimSun”) and size for dimension text. 3. Set the unit of measurement to the desired unit, and set the precision to the desired smallest unit. 4. Use the Size Method dialog box to set the overall scale factor as the scale factor used when drawing the graphic. 5. Make full use of the target capture method to quickly select search points. 10. Two spaces, two functions, two types of practice. In the AutoCAD 2000 environment, there are two types of spaces: model space and paper space, each with different functions. Generally speaking, model space is a three-dimensional space used primarily for designing the geometric shapes of parts and graphics; designers usually develop their main design concepts in model space ； Drawing space is used to represent geometric models on engineering drawings, and is specifically intended for producing drawings ； Paper space, sometimes also referred to as “layout,” is a paper space environment that simulates a paper page and provides intuitive printing settings. The current design direction is to move towards 3D part modeling and design. Once a part has been designed, it needs to be represented in the form of engineering drawings, which requires projecting it from various angles, marking dimensions, adding title bars and drawing frames, etc. These operations are not easy to carry out in model space, but they are quite straightforward in paper space. Viewport objects can be created and placed in paper space, and title bars or other geometric shapes can also be added. Multiple layouts can be created in the drawing to display different views, with each layout allowing for different printing scales and paper sizes. The graphics displayed in the layout are exactly the same as those printed on the drawing sheet. To gain a thorough understanding of the role of \"paper space,\" students should, as required by the instructor, complete at least two practical examples in this area to reinforce the concept of \"paper space.\" Don’t be lazy! 11. Returning to the basics The goal of computer-aided design is to enable the design results to be put into use in practical production. Currently, the design results are mainly fed into production in the form of paper-based drawings, and at design firms, paper-based drawings also constitute the main focus of drawing archive management. Although the development trend of computer-aided design is to achieve paperless design and production, with very few large manufacturing enterprises as exceptions, the vast majority of ordinary design and production units still rely on paper-based drawings as the basis for organizing their design and production processes. Therefore, how to convert the electronic-format drawings produced by AutoCAD 2000 into paper-based drawings of specified sizes is an issue that is closely tied to actual production processes; in a sense, this step is just as important as the processes of modifying and editing graphics. Therefore, to learn how to \"print\", in addition to understanding how to use the dialog boxes, one should also actively attend a demonstration lesson organized by the teacher, so as to experience firsthand this final step of \"computer drawing\". In summary, only by learning can one realize one’s shortcomings. AutoCAD also has many useful features, especially some 3D functions. Learning is an endless process; as long as everyone is good at summarizing and generalizing what they learn, they will surely be able to find the best ways to study. This post was last edited by zhlbaby on 2008-12-13 07:57.]
A review of the development history of AutoCAD: AutoCAD is a drawing program package developed by the American company Autodesk in the early 1980s for applying CAD technology on microcomputers. Through continuous improvements, it has now become a widely used drawing tool worldwide. AutoCAD can be used to create any type of 2D and 3D graphics. Compared to traditional manual drawing, AutoCAD allows for faster drawing speeds, higher precision, and greater flexibility in design. It has been widely applied in various fields such as aerospace, shipbuilding, construction, machinery, electronics, chemical engineering, graphic design, and light textiles, yielding significant results and substantial economic benefits. AutoCAD features a user-friendly interface, allowing various operations to be performed through either interactive menus or the command line. Its multi-document design environment allows non-computer professionals to learn how to use it quickly. By practicing continuously, one can better master its various applications and development techniques, thereby improving work efficiency. AutoCAD has a wide range of compatibility; it can run on microcomputers and workstations supported by various operating systems. It is compatible with over 40 types of graphic display devices, whose resolutions range from 320×200 to 2048×1024, as well as over 30 types of digitizers and mice, and dozens of types of plotters and printers. These features facilitate the widespread use of AutoCAD. The development process of AutoCAD can be divided into five stages: the initial stage, the development stage, the advanced development stage, the refinement stage, and the further refinement stage. In its initial phase, AutoCAD had five versions updated. In November 1982, AutoCAD 1.0 was released for the first time ； In April 1983, AutoCAD version 1.2 was released ； In August 1983, AutoCAD version 1.3 was released ； In October 1983, AutoCAD version 1.4 was released ； In October 1984, AutoCAD version 2.0 was released. During its development phase, AutoCAD was updated to the following versions. In May 1985, AutoCAD versions 2.17 and 2.18 were released ； In June 1986, AutoCAD version 2.5 was released. After September 1987, the AutoCAD 9.0 and 9.03 versions were released one after another. In its advanced development phase, AutoCAD went through three versions, which gradually improved its advanced design-assistance functions. They are the AutoCAD 10.0 version released in August 1988, the 11.0 version released in 1990, and the 12.0 version released in 1992. During its development phase, AutoCAD went through three versions, gradually transitioning from the DOS platform to the Windows platform. In June 1996, AutoCAD R13 was released ； In January 1998, the groundbreaking AutoCAD R14 version was released ； In January 1999, AutoCAD Corporation released AutoCAD 2000. During the further improvement phase, AutoCAD went through two versions, with its functions gradually being enhanced. In September 2001, Autodesk released AutoCAD 2002 to its users. In May 2003, Autodesk officially announced in Beijing the launch of a revolutionary version of its AutoCAD software – AutoCAD 2004 in Simplified Chinese. Building on AutoCAD 2004, Autodesk also released 10 industry-specific application solutions for the construction, infrastructure, and machinery manufacturing sectors. Compared to its predecessor, AutoCAD 2002, AutoCAD 2004 features significant improvements in speed, data sharing, and software management. AutoCAD 2004 is 24% faster than AutoCAD 2002, with improved network performance by 28%. The size of DWG files is reduced by an average of 44%, which can cut the server disk space requirements by 40%–60%. In terms of data sharing, AutoCAD 2004 uses the improved DWF file format – DWF 6, which enables secure sharing for publishing and viewing ； It also provides a convenient, fast, and secure data sharing environment by leveraging technologies such as automatic notification of changes, online content retrieval, CAD standard checking, and digital signature verification. In addition, AutoCAD 2004 is compatible with industry-standard tools such as SMS and Windows Advertising, and it offers the free document viewing tool Express Tools, which helps save a significant amount of time and cost in terms of license management and installation. AutoCAD 2004 features an easy-to-use design environment that shifts the user’s focus from the keyboard, mouse, and other input devices to the design itself. In terms of automating task completion, AutoCAD 2004 also provides users with real-time information and data access to assist them in their design work.
Ways to select entities in ATUOCAD As we all know, in ATUOCAD, editing drawing objects always involves selecting objects. Knowing exactly how to use the selection tools provided by AUTOCAD in the quickest and most convenient way to select objects is key to quickly editing graphics. Readers can type “Select” in ATUOCAD’s command line and press Enter; we will then see various options for selecting entities. This article aims to provide a detailed explanation of the method for selecting objects in ATUOCAD, including some options that are rarely known to us. I. Direct selection method (default) Select the entity directly using the mouse or other input devices; the entity will then appear in high brightness, indicating that it has been selected and can be edited. Users can access the “Options…” dialog box by going to the “Tools” menu in AUTOCAD; once the Options dialog is open, they should select the “Selection” tab to set the size of the selection box (readers can try making adjustments as needed to achieve the desired result). If we enter AU (AUto) when prompted with “Select entity:”, the effect will be the same as that of the “direct selection method”. II. Window Method When the prompt “Select Objects:” appears in the command line, if you move the selection box to an empty area of the drawing and hold down the left mouse button, ATUOCAD will ask for the other corner. At this point, if you move the selection box to another location and click the left mouse button, ATUOCAD will automatically use these two points as the opposite vertices of a rectangle, thereby establishing a default rectangular window. If the window is defined from left to right, all entities within the frame are selected, while those outside the window or overlapping with it are not selected ； If the rectangular window is defined from right to left, not only the objects located inside the window are selected, but also those that intersect the window boundaries are selected. In fact, boxes defined from left to right are solid-line boxes, while those defined from right to left are dashed-line boxes (you might want to take a close look at this). For the window selection method, you can also directly enter W (Windows) when prompted with “Select Objects:”, which will bring up the window selection mode; however, in this case, whether the window is defined from left to right or from right to left, the outline will always be solid. If we enter BOX under the “Select Objects:” prompt and then select a solid, the result will be exactly the same as with the default window selection method. III. Cross Selection When the prompt “Select Objects:” appears, type C (Crossing). In this case, regardless of the direction from which the rectangular frame is defined, it will be a dashed frame, and cross selection of entities will take place. Any entity that lies within the area covered by the dashed frame, whether it intersects with the frame or is contained within it, will be selected. IV. Grouping Method Group several objects together. When the prompt “Select Objects:” appears, type G (group) and press Enter. Then the command line will display “Enter group name:”; enter the name of the group after this prompt and press Enter. All the corresponding objects will be selected. This method is suitable for those objects that need to be operated on frequently. Additionally, if you directly select an object when the “Select Objects:” prompt appears, all objects in the group to which that object belongs will also be selected. V. Previous Method Using this function, the selected object from the previous editing operation can be used as the current selection set. In the “Select Objects:” prompt, type P(previous)) and press Enter; this will use the selection set created last before the current editing command was executed as the current selection set. VI. Final method: This feature allows the object drawn previously to be used as the current selection set. Under the “Select Objects:” prompt, type L (last) and press Enter; then ATUOCAD will automatically select the last object that was drawn. VII. All Methods: This function allows all objects in the current graphic to be used as the current selection set. Under the prompt “Select Objects:”, type ALL (note: do not just type “A”) and press Enter, and AutoCAD will automatically select all objects. VIII. Irregular Window Method: Under the “Select Objects:” prompt, enter WP (wpolygon) and press Enter to create an arbitrary closed irregular polygon; all objects within this polygon are selected. (Readers may notice that the polygon boundary in this case is a solid line, similar to the selection method used for rectangular windows defined from left to right.) IX. Irregular Cross-Window Method: Under the “Select Objects:” prompt, type CP (cpolygon, cross polygon) and press Enter to create an arbitrary irregular polygon. The objects located within this polygon, as well as all objects that intersect with it, are selected. At this point, the polygon boundary is shown as a dashed line, similar to the selection method used for rectangular windows defined from right to left. X. Boundary Line Method This method is similar to the irregular intersection window method (dashed lines), but it does not require forming a closed polygon; when this method is used, all graphics that intersect the boundary line are selected. Enter F (fence) under the “Select Objects:” prompt to enter this mode. XI. Deduction Method In this mode, we can remove one or some of the objects from the selection set. Enter R (remove) under the “Select Objects:” prompt to enter this mode. XII. Return to the addition mode: In the removal mode, that is, when the prompt “Remove Objects:” appears, type A (add) and press Enter. ATUOCAD will then display the prompt “Select Objects:” at which point you return to the addition mode. 13. Multiple Choice Similarly, when selecting entities, enter M (Multiple) to allow multiple selections without highlighting the objects, thereby speeding up the process of selecting complex objects. If the intersection point of two intersecting objects is specified twice, \"Multiple Selection\" will also select these two intersecting objects. 14. Multiple Choice: When it is necessary to select an entity, if we want to edit only one entity (or object), we can enter SI (Single) to choose the object we wish to edit; thus, only one object can be edited at a time. 15. Alternating Object Selection When selecting an object as prompted by “Select Objects:”, if that object is very close to other objects, it becomes difficult to select it accurately. But we can use the “alternating object selection method”. At the “Select Objects:” prompt, press the Ctrl key to place the selection box over the objects you want to select, then click the left mouse button. One of the objects covered by the selection box will be selected, and the cursor will change to a cross shape. If the selected object is not the one desired, release the Ctrl key and continue clicking the left mouse button; with each click, ATUOCAD will change the object that is enclosed by the selection box, allowing the user to easily select a specific object. 16. Quick Selection This is a new feature in AUTOCAD2000; it allows for the creation of a selection set based on specific filtering criteria. After entering the command QSELECT, the “Quick Select” dialog box appears, allowing you to make selections based on the type of objects to be filtered, as well as the properties and range of filtering desired. You can also right-click in the drawing window of AUTOCAD2000; the menu includes a “QUICKSELECT” option. However, it should be noted that if the property of the selection target we set is “per layer,” this function cannot be used. 17. Selection using filter (FILTER) In AUTOCAD2000, a new function was added that allows for the creation of selection sets based on the properties of objects. After entering FILTER in the command line, the “Object Selection Filter” dialog box will appear. We can then create a specific filter and save it, so that it can be called later with the same ease as calling a “block”. Pay attention to the following three points: 1. You can first use the selection filter to choose an object, and then directly use the edit command; or when the edit command prompts you to select an object, enter P to respond with the previously selected object. 2. In the filtering criteria, color and line type do not refer to the colors and line types inherent in an object due to its layer assignment; rather, they are the colors and line types specifically assigned to it using commands such as COLOUR and LINTYPE. 3. Named filters can be used not only in the graphic in which they were defined but also in other graphics. For selecting conditions, users can use various criteria such as color, line width, and line style. The above are just some insights I have gained from my daily use of AUTOCAD. As long as everyone pays more attention when using it and keeps accumulating experience, AUTOCAD’s powerful functions will make our complex design and drafting tasks much easier.
Loading and Unloading ARX Programs 1. Loading ARX Programs ----There are several ways to load ARX applications: ----(1) Specify the name of the ARX application to be loaded in AutoCAD’s startup file, acad.rx. acad.rx is an ASCII text file; each ARX application must occupy its own line, and the ARX applications contained in this file are automatically loaded when AutoCAD starts up. Additionally, ensure that the $ACAD path definition includes the directory where the acad.rx file is located. ----(2) Use the acrxLoadModule() or AcRxDynamicLinker::loadModule() function to load one ARX application within another ARX application. The prototypes of these two functions are: ----int acrxLoadModule(char *moduleName, int printIt); ----virtual Adesk::Boolean AcRxDynamicLinker::loadModule(char *fileName, int printIt) = 0; The meanings of the parameters are as follows: ----moduleName: The name of the ARX application to be loaded ； The ARX application extension is defaultly .ARX; if it is not .ARX, the char*moduleName parameter here must include the application extension. ----fileName: Its meaning is the same as that of moduleName above. However, fileName must include the path and extension of the ARX application to be loaded. ----printit: If 0 is used, the loading result will not be displayed; if a value other than 0 is used, it will be displayed. When printit takes a non-0 value, if the loading is successful, the message \"Runtime Extension is already loaded.\" will be displayed in the AutoCAD command window; otherwise, the message \"AcRx Dynamic Linker failed to load\" will be shown. ----Unlike AcRxDynamicLinker::loadModule, acrxLoadModule() automatically searches for the ARX application to be loaded from the AutoCAD search paths defined in $ACAD, with the default extension for ARX applications being .ARX. ----(3) Use the APPLOAD dialog box. The AutoCAD file appload.lsp defines the user interface for loading and unloading ARX applications using the AutoLISP functions arxload and arxunload. ----(4) Use the AutoLISP function (arxload). ----(5) intads_arxload(constchar＊ArxAppName) function. Using this function in an ADS or ARX program allows an ARX module to be loaded into that respective ADS or ARX program. The return value of this function indicates the loading result. The AutoLISP function corresponding to this function is (arxload). ----The difference between loading an ARX application using ads_arxload() and acrxLoadModule() is that an ARX application loaded with ads_arxload() is registered not only as an ADS program but also as an ARX program. ----(6) ARX. This is an AutoCAD command. Type ARX in the AutoCAD command line, then type L; a dialog box will appear where you can specify the name of the ARX application to be loaded. ----2. Uninstallation of ARX programs ---- Corresponding to the methods for installing ARX programs (2)–(6), there are 5 ways to uninstall ARX applications; the specific procedures are not repeated here.
Custom hatch patterns in AutoCAD 2000: In AutoCAD drawing, the HATCH command (for pattern filling) is used quite frequently. Although the pattern library built into CAD is rich in content, it sometimes still fails to meet our needs; in such cases, we can create custom patterns for filling. All fill patterns in AutoCAD are saved in a library file named acad.pat, whose default location is the \Acad2000\Support directory within the installation folder. We can directly edit this file using a text editor, adding statements for custom patterns ； You can also create your own *.Pat file and save it in the same directory; CAD can recognize it. Next, we will use the example of creating a new pattern library file for diamond-patterned steel plates to illustrate how to customize patterns in AutoCAD 2000. First, create a diamond pattern in CAD in accordance with national standards, and mark the dimensions of each part (see the figure; click to zoom in). Refer to the standard format of the library file below: *pattern-name angle, x-origin, y-origin, delta-x, delta-y The first line is the title line. Immediately following the asterisk is the pattern name, which is displayed when using the HATCH command to select a pattern. The text within square brackets is an optional description displayed when the pattern is shown using the “?” option of the HATCH command. If the description is omitted, there must be no comma after the pattern name. The second line is the description line for the pattern. There can be one or more lines. Their meanings are as follows: the angle at which a line is drawn; the X and Y coordinates of the point that a line in the set of filled lines passes through; the displacement between two filled lines; the vertical distance between two filled lines. Dash-n is a length parameter for a line, and can take positive or negative values or be zero. A positive value indicates that the corresponding segment is a solid line, a negative value means the segment is left empty, and a value of zero results in the drawing of a dot. Okay, we can start editing now. Open Notepad and write the following:
*custom, steel plate GB/T3277-1991
68.4667, 0, 0, -9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
111.5333, 0, 0, 9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
68.4667, -11.0191, 27.926, -9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
111.5333, 11.0191, 27.926, 9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
The four lines of data in this example correspond to segments a, b, c, and d in Figure 1 respectively. By comparing with the illustrations, the values for each item should be easy to understand. Here, we will focus only on the rules governing the values of delta-x and delta-y. For easier understanding, we set up a UCS coordinate system as shown in the diagram, defining the origin and the positive direction of the X-axis. The vertical distance of 25 between segments a and e on the Y-axis constitutes delta-y, which is equivalent to the value 25 used in AutoCAD’s offset command ； If segment e is derived from segment a through an offset, then segment e also moves 9.8646 units in the negative X-direction relative to segment a; this displacement is known as delta-x. Here are a few more things to note: Each line in the pattern definition file can contain up to 80 characters. AutoCAD ignores blank lines and text to the right of semicolons. According to this rule, we can add copyright information, notes, or any content we wish to include in the file. For example: ;Copyright (c) 2000 by everyone. All rights reserved. Finally, save the file under the name custom.Pat. Note, the file name must be the same as the pattern name. At this point, I believe everyone has mastered the method of customizing patterns. Now, with just a little patience, you can create very complex patterns. The method for calling the library file is as follows: The filler patterns and files I prepared are provided in the appendix; unzip them and place them in the \Acad2000\Support directory. Open AutoCAD and run the Hatch command. In the Boundary Hatch dialog box that appears, select Custom in the Type field. Click on the Swatch tab; this will bring up the Hatch Pattern Palette dialog box. Choose the Custom tab and specify the custom.Pat file we just created. A preview of the filling effect will appear on the right side – and that is exactly the diamond-patterned steel plate design we need.
*custom, steel plate GB/T3277-1991
68.4667, 0, 0, -9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
111.5333, 0, 0, 9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
68.4667, -11.0191, 27.926, -9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
111.5333, 11.0191, 27.926, 9.8646, 25, 30.0213, -6.59
The four lines of data in this example correspond to segments a, b, c, and d in Figure 1 respectively. By comparing with the illustrations, the values for each item should be easy to understand. Here, we will focus only on the rules governing the values of delta-x and delta-y. For easier understanding, we set up a UCS coordinate system as shown in the diagram, defining the origin and the positive direction of the X-axis. The vertical distance of 25 between segments a and e on the Y-axis constitutes delta-y, which is equivalent to the value 25 used in AutoCAD’s offset command ； If segment e is derived from segment a through an offset, then segment e also moves 9.8646 units in the negative X-direction relative to segment a; this displacement is known as delta-x. Here are a few more things to note: Each line in the pattern definition file can contain up to 80 characters. AutoCAD ignores blank lines and text to the right of semicolons. According to this rule, we can add copyright information, notes, or any content we wish to include in the file. For example: ;Copyright (c) 2000 by everyone. All rights reserved. Finally, save the file under the name custom.Pat. Note, the file name must be the same as the pattern name. At this point, I believe everyone has mastered the method of customizing patterns. Now, with just a little patience, you can create very complex patterns. The method for calling the library file is as follows: The filler patterns and files I prepared are provided in the appendix; unzip them and place them in the \Acad2000\Support directory. Open AutoCAD and run the Hatch command. In the Boundary Hatch dialog box that appears, select Custom in the Type field. Click on the Swatch tab; this will bring up the Hatch Pattern Palette dialog box. Choose the Custom tab and specify the custom.Pat file we just created. A preview of the filling effect will appear on the right side – and that is exactly the diamond-patterned steel plate design we need.
Using shortcut commands AutoCAD is the preferred design software for engineering designers around the world today; its simplicity of use and accuracy are two key reasons for its success. AutoCAD offers many commands, but only about 20 percent of them are the most commonly used during drawing. When entering commands via the keyboard, some common commands are quite long, such as BHATCH (filling) and EXPLODE (decomposition), which requires many keystrokes to enter and thus slows down the drawing speed. Although AutoCAD offers both menu and toolbar input methods, to improve drawing speed, it is necessary to master the quick command input methods provided by AutoCAD. While working on AutoCAD design, training, and teaching research, the author has gained some experience in the use and management of shortcut commands; these experiences are now summarized here for reference when using AutoCAD 2000. I. Overview: So-called shortcut commands are shortcuts defined by AutoCAD to increase drawing speed; they use one or a few simple letters to represent common commands, allowing us to avoid having to memorize numerous long command names, nor do we need to search through menus and toolbars to execute a command. All defined shortcut commands are saved in the ACAD.PGP file located in the SUPPORT subdirectory of the AutoCAD installation directory; we can define our own frequently used shortcut commands by modifying the contents of this file. Every time we create or open a new AutoCAD drawing file, CAD automatically searches for the SUPPORT directory in the installation path, finds the ACAD.PGP file, and loads it. When AutoCAD is running, we can use the shortcut commands defined in the ACAD.PGP file through the command line to perform an operation; for example, if we want to draw a straight line, we simply need to enter the letter “L” in the command line. II. Naming rules for shortcut commands 1. Shortcut commands are usually the first or first two letters of the command’s English name; in some cases, it’s the first three letters. For example, the shortcut command for Line is “L”” ； The shortcut command for Copy is “CO”” ； The shortcut key for Linear Scale (LTScale) is “LTS”. During use, try using the first letter of the command; if that doesn’t work, use the first two letters, or at most the first three. In other words, AutoCAD shortcut commands generally consist of no more than three letters. If even the first three letters of a command don’t work, you will have to enter the full command. 2. Another type of shortcut commands usually consists of “Ctrl key + a letter,” or they are defined using function keys F1~F8. For example, Ctrl + “N”, Ctrl + “O”, Ctrl + “S”, and Ctrl + “P” correspond to creating a new file, opening a file, saving a file, and printing a file respectively ； F3 stands for “object snap”. 3. If the first letter of some commands is the same, then for the commonly used commands the first letter is used, while for the other commands the first two or three letters can be used to represent them. For example, “R” stands for Redraw, while “RA” stands for Redrawall ； For example, “L” stands for Line, “LT” stands for LineType, and “LTS” stands for LTScale. 4. There are a few exceptions that we need to remember; for example, “Modify Text” (DDEDIT) is not “DD”, but rather “ED”” ； Also, “AA” stands for Area, “T” stands for Mtext, and “X” stands for Explode. III. Definition of shortcut commands As has been mentioned earlier, all the shortcut commands defined in AutoCAD are stored in the ACAD.PGP file. ACAD.PGP is a plain-text file that can be edited using an ASCII text editor such as EDIT in DOS, or directly with Notepad included in WINDOWS. Users can add shortcuts for some Auto CAD commands to the file themselves. Typically, shortcut commands use one or two easy-to-remember letters to replace the full name of the command. The format for defining shortcut commands is as follows: shortcut command name, * full name of the command. For example, CO, * COPY; that is, after entering the shortcut command, a comma is followed by the full name of the command that it replaces. Commands in AutoCAD must be prefixed with an asterisk. 【References】 Chen Tong et al., *Introduction to and Advanced Use of AutoCAD 2000 Chinese Edition*, Tsinghua University Press, published in July 2000. Appendix: Common shortcut commands (I) Letter-based commands: 1. Object properties: ADC, *ADCENTER* (Design Center; “Ctrl+2”) CH, MO *PROPERTIES* (Modify properties; “Ctrl+1”) MA, *MATCHPROP* (Property matching) ST, *STYLE* (Text style) COL, *COLOR* (Set color) LA, *LAYER* (Layer operations) LT, *LINETYPE* (Line type) LTS, *LTSCALE* (Line scale) LW, *LWEIGHT* (Line width) UN, *UNITS* (Drawing units) ATT, *ATTDEF* (Attribute definition) ATE, *ATTEDIT* (Edit attributes) BO, *BOUNDARY* (Create boundaries, including closed polylines and regions) AL, *ALIGN* (Align) E*T, *QUIT* (Exit) EXP, *EXPORT* (Export to other file formats) IMP, *IMPORT* (Import files) OP, PR *OPTIONS* (Customize CAD settings) PRINT, *PLOT* (Print) PU, *PURGE* (Clear junk) R, *REDRAW* (Redraw) REN, *RENAME* (Rename) SN, *SNAP* (Snap to grid) DS, *DSETTINGS* (Set polar tracking) OS, *OSNAP* (Set snap mode) PRE, *PREVIEW* (Print preview) TO, *TOOLBAR* (Toolbars) V, *VIEW* (Named views) AA, *AREA* (Area) DI, *DIST* (Distance) LI, *LIST* (Display graphic data information) 2. Drawing commands: PO, *POINT* (Point) L, *LINE* (Line) XL, *XLINE* (Ray) PL, *PLINE* (Polyline) ML, *MLINE* (Multi-line) SPL, *SPLINE* (Spline) POL, *POLYGON* (Regular polygon) REC, *RECTANGLE* (Rectangle) C, *CIRCLE* (Circle) A, *ARC* (Arc) DO, *DONUT* (Donut) EL, *ELLIPSE* (Ellipse) REG, *REGION* (Region) MT, *MTEXT* (Multiline text) T, *MTEXT* (Multiline text) B, *BLOCK* (Define block) I, *INSERT* (Insert block) W, *WBLOCK* (Define block file) DIV, *DIVIDE* (Divide) H, *BHATCH* (Fill) 3. Modification commands: CO, *COPY* (Copy) MI, *MIRROR* (Mirror) AR, *ARRAY* (Array) O, *OFFSET* (Offset) RO, *ROTATE* (Rotate) M, *MOVE* (Move) E, DEL key *ERASE* (Delete) X, *EXPLODE* (Explode) TR, *TRIM* (Trim) EX, *EXTEND* (Extend) S, *STRETCH* (Stretch) LEN, *LENGTHEN* (Lengthen line) SC, *SCALE* (Scale) BR, *BREAK* (Break) CHA, *CHAMFER* (Chamfer) F, *FILLET* (Fillet) PE, *PEDIT* (Edit polyline) ED, *DDEDIT* (Edit text) 4. Window scaling: P, *PAN* (Pan) Z + Space + Space, *Real-time scaling* Z, *Zoom in* Z+P, *Return to previous view* Z+E, *Show full view* 5. Dimensioning: DLI, *DIMLINEAR* (Linear dimension) DAL, *DIMALIGNED* (Aligned dimension) DRA, *DIMRADIUS* (Radius dimension) DDI, *DIMDIAMETER* (Diameter dimension) DAN, *DIMANGULAR* (Angular dimension) DCE, *DIMCENTER* (Center dimension) DOR, *DIMORDINATE* (Point dimension) TOL, *TOLERANCE* (Dimension tolerance) LE, *QLEADER* (Quick leader) DBA, *DIMBASELINE* (Baseline dimension) DCO, *DIMCONTINUE* (Continue dimension) D, *DIMSTYLE* (Dimension style) DED, *DIMEDIT* (Edit dimension) DOV, *DIMOVERRIDE* (Override dimension system variables) (II) Common CTRL shortcut keys [CTRL] + 1 *PROPERTIES* (Modify properties) [CTRL] + 2 *ADCENTER* (Design Center) [CTRL] + O *OPEN* (Open file) [CTRL] + N, M *NEW* (Create new file) [CTRL] + P *PRINT* (Print file) [CTRL] + S *SAVE* (Save file) [CTRL] + Z *UNDO* (Undo) [CTRL] + X *CUTCLIP* (Cut clip) [CTRL] + C *COPYCLIP* (Copy clip) [CTRL] + V *PASTECLIP* (Paste clip) [CTRL] + B *SNAP* (Snap to grid) [CTRL] + F *OSNAP* (Object snap) [CTRL] + G *GRID* (Grid) [CTRL] + L *ORTHO* (Ortho) [CTRL] + W *Object tracking* [CTRL] + U *Polar axis* (III) Common function keys [F1] *HELP* (Help) [F2] *Text window* [F3] *OSNAP* (Object snap) [F7] *GRIP* (Grid grip) [F8] *ORTHO* (Ortho)
AutoCAD 2004 adopts a new DWF file format. It offers 24% faster performance compared to the previous version, 28% improved network performance, an average reduction of 44% in the size of DWG files, and a 40%-60% reduction in the disk space required on servers. Autodesk, the world’s leading provider of design software and digital content software (Nasdaq: ADSK), has officially announced the release of this groundbreaking version of its AutoCAD software – AutoCAD 2004 in Simplified Chinese. Building on AutoCAD 2004, Autodesk also released 10 industry-specific application solutions for the construction, infrastructure, and machinery manufacturing sectors. Following the launch event in Beijing, on May 23rd and 26th, Autodesk will also hold \"AutoCAD 2004 Solution Tours\" in Shanghai and Guangzhou respectively, to showcase this globally leading computer-aided design solution to users and distributors. Compared to its predecessor, AutoCAD 2002, AutoCAD 2004 features significant improvements in speed, data sharing, and software management. Among them, the speed is 24% higher than that of AutoCAD 2002, network performance has improved by 28%, the size of DWG files has been reduced by an average of 44%, and the disk space requirements for servers can be reduced by 40%-60%. In terms of data sharing, AutoCAD 2004 uses the improved DWF file format – DWF(tm) 6, which enables secure sharing for publishing and viewing ； It also provides a convenient, fast, and secure data sharing environment by leveraging technologies such as automatic notification of changes, online content retrieval, CAD standard checking, and digital signature verification. In addition, AutoCAD 2004 is compatible with industry-standard tools such as SMS and Windows Advertising, and it offers the free document viewing tool Express Tools, which helps save a significant amount of time and cost in terms of license management and installation. Shan Shinan, Manager of Autodesk’s Technology Department for the Greater China region, detailed the new features and functions of AutoCAD 2004 at the launch event. He concluded by saying, “AutoCAD 2004 is a foundational product in Autodesk’s series of industry-specific solutions designed for the construction, infrastructure, and manufacturing sectors. It incorporates a number of advanced new technologies, making it the fastest and most user-friendly AutoCAD software to date.” Today, digital design data has become a strategic asset for design firms and clients. The wider these data are shared among various project teams and business partners, the more profit they will generate. The new version of AutoCAD software and its industry-specific versions enable rapid and easy integration of project work, allowing clients to create and share design data effortlessly, manage software efficiently, and collaborate more effectively – thereby improving productivity and ensuring that projects are completed on schedule. ” Dr. Wu Minhui, Channel Manager for Greater China at Autodesk, said, “Currently, China’s economic situation stands out among those of other countries around the world. Against the backdrop of major events such as China’s accession to the WTO, the development of the western regions, the use of information technology to drive industrialization, and the hosting of the 2008 Olympics and the 2010 World Expo, the future of China’s design industry looks very promising.” Autodesk has always attached great importance to the Chinese market, placing it at a high level in its global strategy. With its globally leading digital design solutions centered around AutoCAD 2004, Autodesk will help design firms and project owners significantly improve productivity, reduce project costs, and shorten project timelines, thereby contributing to China’s economic construction and development. ” The AutoCAD 2004 product family released this time includes, in addition to AutoCAD 2004 and its simplified version AutoCAD 2004 LT, 10 specialized industry applications tailored for the construction, manufacturing, and infrastructure sectors: AutoCAD(r) 2004, AutoCAD LT(r) 2004, Autodesk(r) Architectural Desktop 2004, AutoCAD(r) Mechanical 2004, Autodesk(r) Civil Design 2004, Autodesk(r) Civil Series 2004, Autodesk Map(tm) 2004, Autodesk Map(tm) Series 2004, Autodesk(r) Raster Design 2004, Autodesk(r) Land Desktop 2004, and Autodesk(r) Survey 2004. The upcoming advanced modeling products, Autodesk Inventor(r) Series 7 and Autodesk(r) Revit(r) 5.1, were not designed based on the AutoCAD 2004 platform, but they will be compatible with the new AutoCAD 2004 family. Provide the right data to the right people at the right time (DWF(tm) 6). The new Autodesk 2004 series of industrial solutions utilizes the enhanced collaboration and distribution platform DWF(tm) 6 (Design Web Format(tm)), which helps customers share data and enable seamless design collaboration and communication throughout the entire project lifecycle. The newly enhanced file format provides highly compressed, non-editable multi-page CAD files with rich metadata, enabling designers, engineers, developers, and their colleagues to quickly and easily share design information with any users who need to view, review, or print it. New DWF files can be viewed and printed using Autodesk(r) Express Viewer, which is included with the 2004 product and is also available for download from the Internet. This viewer is a free, lightweight, high-performance application that can be easily distributed to any member of the project team, including those who do not use AutoCAD products but need to view digital design data. The DWF file format is the strategic foundation of the entire Autodesk product family. An ideal solution for a wide range of industries. Autodesk’s design solutions can meet the needs of customers in various industries. The new Autodesk 2004 series of industrial solutions includes products that enable customers to create, share, and analyze project information throughout the entire project lifecycle (from concept to completion). Here is a brief introduction to these new products. To learn more about the features of these new products, please visit www.autodesk.com/preview2004. Universal Design * The AutoCAD 2004 software is an ideal tool for 2D drafting, detailing, and 3D design; it speeds up data creation and makes it easier to share files. * AutoCAD LT 2004 is a software tool designed for design professionals in various industries who need all the functions of the DWG file format but do not require customized software for their work, allowing them to create drawings and detailed designs. Construction Industry * Autodesk Revit 5.1, a building information modeling program, is an strategic solution from Autodesk. It supports the new AutoCAD 2004 platform and offers parameter modification techniques that improve work efficiency; as a result, construction professionals can spend more time focusing on project issues and achieve better control over design quality. The Revit system can automatically coordinate all design information to provide optimal construction documents. * Autodesk Architectural Desktop 2004 is a building information modeling solution that runs within the AutoCAD environment; it offers a simplified user interface, automated file and level management, integrated rendering with photo effects and animation (to improve work efficiency), better coordination, as well as smoother collaboration and data exchange. Infrastructure Solutions (formerly GIS Solutions) * Autodesk Map Series 2004 is a comprehensive mapping software package that includes Autodesk Map and Autodesk Raster Design. Autodesk Map 2004 is an accurate map-making and GIS software that can be used to create, maintain, and analyze maps and geographic data. Autodesk Raster Design 2004 is an imaging solution used to display, manipulate, and output raster images containing vector data. * Autodesk Civil Series 2004 provides a comprehensive set of tools for professionals in civil engineering and surveying. Autodesk Land Desktop simplifies land development projects, offering features such as terrain analysis, parcel and road alignment, COGO integration, volume and contour calculations. Autodesk Civil Design 2004 expands the capabilities of Autodesk Land Desktop through site development and tools for road, hydrological, and hydraulic design. Like the Autodesk Map Series, the Autodesk Civil Series also includes Autodesk Raster Design 2004. Autodesk Survey 2004 expands the capabilities of Autodesk Land Desktop, enabling the capture and manipulation of field survey data. *In addition to the products mentioned above, Autodesk’s entire infrastructure solutions portfolio will also support the AutoCAD 2004 data format, including Autodesk MapGuide(r), Autodesk(r) Envision (formerly Autodesk(r) OnSite Desktop), Autodesk(r) GIS Design Server, and Autodesk’s CAiCE traffic design tool. Manufacturing * AutoCAD Mechanical 2004 is a specialized 2D mechanical design solution optimized for intelligent mechanical engineering and design, integrated production drawing and detailing, as well as standard-based 2D content. * The Autodesk Inventor(r) Series is an award-winning design software package suitable for companies planning to transition to 3D design; it includes the best 2D and 3D design software – Autodesk(r) Mechanical Desktop(r) and the Autodesk Inventor application.
The original poster has really worked hard; it’s been very helpful to me. Thank you so much!:lol
The original poster has really worked hard :handshake