Records of China National Petroleum Corporation

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1. The earliest “well” in China was the “Zhuotong Well” in Sichuan, built in 1041 AD; it was over 50 zhang deep. 2. China’s first oil well – “Miao-1 Well” – had a depth of 120 m and an oil production rate of 0.75 tons per day. In 1878, the Youkuang mine in Miaoli, Taiwan, hired two American technicians and acquired a set of American rotary drilling rigs to drill what was also China’s first rotary drilled well. 3. The first oil well in mainland China – “Yan 1 Well” – has a depth of over 80 meters and produces 1–1.5 tons of oil per day. It was completed between June 5 and September 6, 1907; it was accomplished by the Yanchang Oil Field by hiring Japanese technicians and 7 mechanics, as well as by purchasing Japanese rotary drilling rigs. 4. The first well drilled in China using an oil drilling rig was a well in the Xinjiang Dushanzi oil field, with a depth of 20 meters; it was drilled using a Russian drilling rig in 1909. 5. China’s oil well with the highest daily oil production is Well Zanggu No. 10. The well is located in a newly explored area north of the Yellow River estuary in the Shengli Oil Field. Oil production began on March 8, 1984, with an initial daily output of 3,600 tons, as well as 360,000 cubic meters of natural gas per day. 6. China’s first ultra-deep well – the “Guanji Well” – with a depth of 7,175 meters; it was completed on September 8, 1978, by the 7001 drilling team from the Sichuan Bureau. 7. China has rod pump oil extraction technology, which was first used in the Laojunmiao oil field in Yumen in May 1940. 8. China’s first oil well with a daily production of 1,000 tons – Well Tuo 11 – began producing oil on February 1, 1965; it is located in the Shengtuo Oil Field of the Shengli Oil Region. 9. China’s first offshore exploration well – “Hai-1 Well” – began producing oil on June 14, 1967; it is located in the Dagang oil field. 10. China’s first offshore directional well – “Haixie-1” – was drilled in May 1968 by the “Bohai-1” drilling platform in the Dagang oil field. 11. China’s deepest well – the “Dan 21 Well” – was drilled by the 60136 drilling team from the Southern Sichuan mining area of the Sichuan Bureau between January 17, 1992, and May 16, 1993. Its depth was 363 meters, with a maximum inclination of 94° and a horizontal section length of 311 meters. This well also set national records in China for the longest horizontal section and the greatest inclination in a φ152.4mm wellbore, as well as for drilling through hard formations and high-pressure areas using high-density mud to achieve water injection. It was also the first well in the Southern Sichuan gas field to be drilled using a rotary drill. 12. China’s first gravel pre-fill water – “Nanwei 1-4-A13” water. Drilling was completed from December 2 to December 19, 1992, reaching a total depth of 1718 m, with a vertical depth of 988.16 m. The water-bearing section was 454 m long; the maximum dip angle was 93.4°, the horizontal displacement was 1063 m, and the maximum inclination rate was 3.76°/10 m. The screen was installed at the end of the well. 13. Records of Oil Wells in China’s Vast Seas (1) Bohai Sea: A. Yaohai Bay Basin. The first drilling platform was built on December 2, 1966, and the first exploration well drilled there was “Hai 1 Well”. Drilling was completed from December 31, 1966, to May 6, 1967, with a well depth of 2441 m. Oil production began on June 14, at a rate of 30 t/day. B. The first exploration well in Liaodong Bay – “Liao 5 Well”, which was completed between March 14 and April 9, 1979, with a depth of 214.5 m. (2) East China Sea: The first exploration well – “Long-1 Well” – was completed between December 16, 1980, and February 12, 1991, with a depth of 3469.44 meters. Taiwan Strait -- the first exploration well in the Taiwan West Basin -- “Dong 1 Well”. (3) South China Sea: The first exploration well – “Zhu-1 Well” – was completed between October 11 and November 29, 1977, with a depth of 1,847.02 meters. A single well drilled in the Beibu Gulf – Well \"Wan 1\" – began producing oil on August 2, 1977, with a daily oil production of 20 tons and a daily natural gas production of 9,490 cubic meters. This is the first discovery of oil and gas in the Beibu Gulf. This well was drilled by the Singapore-built semi-submersible drilling rig “Nanhai No. 1”. (4) Yellow Sea: 14. The oil field in China with the highest annual production, the largest development area, and the greatest reserves of oil and gas is the Daqing oil field, which produced 55.658 million tons in 1992 ； The area allocated for development is 1573.72 KM2 ； The proven oil-bearing area is 2,646.97 KM2, with a proven geological reserve of 499.373 million tons ； The proven natural gas reserves amount to 329.892 billion cubic meters, with a proven gas-bearing area of 224.5 KM2. 15. The oil field in China with the largest number of oil and gas wells, the highest daily oil production (and gas production), the largest oil-bearing area, and the richest geological reserves is the Lasa Xing Oil Field in the Daqing oil region. By the end of 1990, 15,778 oil and water wells were in operation, of which 10,956 were production wells (1,945 electric pump wells and 8,228 beam pumping wells), and 4,822 were water injection wells ； The oil-bearing area of Tanlang is 920.3 KM2: the geological reserve of crude oil is 417426×104 tons ； Oil production: 14×104 tons ； The daily gas production volume is 23.63×108 m3/d. 16. The Sichuan oil field in China has the highest annual natural gas production, with 6.505 billion cubic meters produced in 1992. 17. The largest gas field off the coast of China is the “Ya 13-1” gas field in the South China Sea. It was discovered in June 1983 during joint oil and gas exploration in certain areas of the South China Sea by China National Offshore Oil Corporation, American company ARCO, and Kuwaiti **Oil Company. With reserves of 100 billion cubic meters, it can produce 3.4 billion cubic meters of gas per year. On June 26, 1993, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China provided a substantial loan of $530 million, which was the largest foreign exchange loan issued by the bank since its establishment. 18. The largest gas field in China is the \"Weiyuan Gas Field\" in the Liaohe oil region, with proven natural gas reserves of 408.61×108 M3. 19. The largest gas field in China’s oil and gas sector is the \"Xinglongtai\" oil and gas field in the Liaohe oil region, with proven reserves of 170.58×108 m3. 20. China’s first high-viscosity oil production base – the “Shenyang Oil Production Plant” in the Liaohe Oil Field. 21. China’s first fully developed desert oil field is the “Caifu Oil Field,” which was put into development by the Jundong Company in Xinjiang in 1992. 22. China’s largest offshore oil field – the Liuhua 1-1 oil field – covers an area of 317 KM2 and holds oil geological reserves of 233 million cubic meters. This oil field was discovered in January 1987 and put into development in 1993; it was explored through a partnership between CNOOC East South China Sea Company and Amoco Eastern Petroleum Company. The oil field is located in the 29/04 contract area of the South China Sea, at a water depth of 305m. 23. China’s first offshore oil field developed through Sino-foreign cooperation – the “Bohai Chengbei Oil Field” – has geological reserves of over 20 million tons. 24. China’s first land-based foreign cooperation zone is the Fushan area in the northern part of Hainan Island, covering an area of 2,812 KM2. It was officially launched in September 1985 by China National Petroleum Corporation and the Australian CSR Group. 25. China’s first oil field in the South China Sea, the “Wei 10–3 Oil Field,” came online on October 15, 1986, with construction carried out by the French company Total. 26. China’s first commercial oil field – the “Huizhou 21-1 Oil Field” – began producing oil in 1990. 27. China’s highest-altitude oil field – the “Yumen Oil Field” – has an average altitude of 2,400 to 2,900 meters. 28. China’s lowest-altitude oil field – the “Liaohe Oil Field” – has an average elevation of 20 meters. 29. China’s first self-developed “floating” drilling unit was successfully developed by the Geological Survey Department of Maoming Petroleum Company between 1964 and 1965. It is based on two 500-ton salvage cylinders, with angle steel used to connect them into a platform, onto which a B-1200m drilling rig is then installed. The facility drilled three offshore exploration wells 4 KM off the shore at the entrance to the Yinggehai Village waterway, at a depth of 15 meters; oil was produced from Well Hai 2. 30. China’s first drilling ship, the “Bohai 1 Self-Elevating Drilling Ship”, was successfully designed and built domestically in 1973. 31. China’s first marine geological exploration vessel, the Exploration No. 1, successfully carried out its first drilling mission at sea on December 30, 1974. 32. China’s first underground sealed cavern oil depot was built and put into operation in Huanggang, Shandong. 33. China’s first set of \"pigging process equipment\" was successfully designed and manufactured by the Sichuan Bureau in 1966. 34. China’s first **high-capacity computerized crude oil measurement station was established on January 23, 1985, in the Daqing Oil Field. 35. China’s first natural gas storage facility was put into use in May 1980 at the Daqing Oil Field. (This library was built in 1975 and was in trial use for five years.) 36. China’s only horizontal directional drilling machine, since its introduction in 1986, has been used to drill through more than 11 major and medium-sized rivers in the country, covering a total length of 1.1×10^3 meters. The largest rivers include the Yellow River, Huangpu River, Songhua River, etc., with the largest pipe diameter of Ф0820mm. This RB-1S drilling rig weighs 400 tons in total, with a thrust and pull force of 444×104 N; it was manufactured by Reading Beatties Company in the United States. 37. China’s largest computer processing center for geological data is located in Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province. 38. China’s first 1.4 million-ton heavy oil hydrogenation unit was completed on November 20, 1991, at the Shengli Refinery of Qilu Petrochemical Company. 39. China’s first offshore simple oil production platform achieved successful trial production on April 11, 1993. Developed by the Shengli Petroleum Bureau itself, this platform achieved successful trial production after platforms such as Shengli No. 2 and Shengli No. 4 were deployed at sea one after another, marking the full commencement of offshore production by the Shallow Sea Corporation. 40. China’s first modern 100,000-ton deep-water oil port, Dalian Xingang, was completed on June 6, 1976. 41. The deepest well for production logging in China is the “Tarim Donghekuang No. 1 Well”, with a depth of 5,800 meters. It was drilled in 1991 by the Production Logging Team of the Xinjiang Petroleum Bureau, using a DDL-III imported logging system. 42. China has pioneered a new development model for conglomerate oil reservoirs, which is reflected in the characteristics and patterns of reservoir classification, reservoir rock classification, and pore structure classification ； On the heterogeneity characteristics and patterns of conglomerates ； Regarding parameter correlations and quantitative descriptions ； Breakthroughs have been achieved in key technologies such as three-dimensional quantitative geological models and computer processing systems. It systematically elucidated the basic characteristics and laws of various aspects of gravelly rock oil reservoir development, achieving significant breakthroughs in areas such as the mechanism of water flooding, oil-water movement and analysis, injection and production capacity, recovery rate, pressure systems, systematic evaluation and development methods throughout the development process, and reservoir simulation. These are the results obtained by the Xinjiang Oilfield in March 1993. 43. China’s first SYZ5140TCJ integrated logging rig was developed on March 18, 1993. This instrument vehicle was developed through collaboration between the Xinjiang Petroleum Bureau and Xi’an Petroleum Instrument Factory. Equipped with an advanced DC58-1 logging instrument and a 3500m winch. This vehicle can also be equipped with wellbore tools such as “perforation,” “83,” “multi-functional completion,” and “small CNC.” 44. China’s earliest petroleum agency was the Miaoli Oil Bureau, established in Taiwan in 1887, during the 13th year of Emperor Guangxu’s reign, with Lin Chaodong, the governor of Taiwan, serving as its head. 45. The earliest oil mine in mainland China was the \"Yanchang Oil Mine\", established in 1905, with Chen Zhenxia as its first manager. 46. China’s first oil company was the “Taiwan China Petroleum Company,” established on June 1, 1946. 47. China’s first natural oil field was the \"Yumen Oil Field\", which was established on October 8, 1957. 48. China’s first petroleum administration agency was the \"Petroleum Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Fuel Industry\", established at the first national petroleum industry conference held by the Ministry of Fuel Industry in Beijing in April 1950. Xu Jinqiang served as its first acting director, while Kang Shisi took over as director in 1953. 49. China established its first Ministry of Petroleum Industry on July 30, 1955, when the Second Session of the First National People’s Congress of China abolished the Ministry of Fuel Industry. The Ministry of Petroleum Industry was established, with Li Jukui as its first minister ； On February 11, 1958, Yu Qiuli assumed the position of minister ； On January 17, 1975, Kang Shien was appointed Minister of the Petrochemical Industry ； On March 5, 1978, Song Zhenmin was appointed Minister of the Petroleum Industry ； In 1981, Kang Shien served as Minister of the Petroleum Industry ； On May 4, 1982, Tang Ke was appointed Minister of the Petroleum Industry ； On June 18, 1982, Wang Tao was appointed Minister of the Petroleum Industry. On June 18, 1985, he took on the role of General Manager of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation under the Ministry of Energy. On September 17, 1988, the \"China Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation\" was officially established, with Wang Tao serving as its first General Manager, while ** served as Deputy General Manager. 50. In February 1965, the **Central Petroleum Industry Department Committee was established, with Kang Shisi as its first secretary. 51. On October 12, 1978, the Chinese Petroleum Society was established in Beijing, with Hou Xianglin serving as its president. 52. On February 25, 1982, China National Offshore Oil Corporation was established in Beijing, with Qin Wencai serving as its general manager. 53. China’s first “Joint Petroleum Company” was established on January 9, 1983. It was jointly established through investment by the Ministry of Economic and Trade, China National Petroleum and Natural Gas Sales Corporation affiliated to China National Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation, China National Petroleum Exploration and Development Corporation, and China National Chemical Import and Export Corporation, in line with the principle of integrating industry and trade. 54. China’s first oil exchange, the “Nanjing Oil Exchange,” opened on March 6, 1993. China’s largest oil exchange, the “Shanghai Oil Exchange,” opened on May 3, 1993. 55. China’s first specialized bookstore for petroleum-related topics, the Beijing Petroleum Science and Technology Bookstore, officially opened on June 26, 1993. 56. China’s first research institute for petroleum education and talent was established in Changping, Beijing, from March 9 to 11, 1993, where the first academic conference was held. 57. China’s first home-made oil refinery was established in 1920; Pan Zuhuan in Xinjiang invested 8,000 taels of silver and borrowed another 30,000 taels. He hired Russian engineers to extract oil sand from the Wangjiagou area in Urumqi, and used distillation methods to refine the oil, producing over 50 kilograms per day. 58. China’s first regular oil refinery was the Urumqi Refinery, established in 1911; it was moved to the Anjihai Refinery in 1934, and in July 1936 the two were merged to form the Dushanzi Refinery. 59. China’s first oil shale plant was the Huadian Shale Oil Plant, established in 1928. 60. The first breakthrough in oil exploration after the founding of the People’s Republic of China was the Karamay Oil Field, discovered with the completion and oil production from Well No. 1 in Heiyoushan on October 29, 1955. 61. In August 1973, the Natural Gas Pipeline Bureau was established, with Zhu Hongchang as its director and He Chenghua as its secretary. 62. China’s first drilling team was established in 1878 at the Miaoli oil field in Taiwan, and the first well drilled there was Well Miao 1. " 63. China’s first \"March 8th\" women’s drilling team was established on August 7, 1958, at the Karamay oil field in Xinjiang. The first team leader was Lin Daohuo, and the first party branch secretary was Wu Shuhua. The whole team has 33 to 42 members. 64. China’s first \"March 8th\" women’s oil extraction team was established on July 15, 1958, at the Karamay Oil Field in Xinjiang. The first captain was Wang Songxue, and the first party branch secretaries were Yu Yu and Wu Peihong. 65. On November 15, 1970, Wang Jinxi, the most famous national model worker in China’s petroleum industry, a member of the Central Committee and a representative to the Third National People’s Congress, passed away in Beijing due to illness at the age of 47. 66. China’s first export of crude oil took place in 1962, with the oil coming from the Daqing Oil Field. On October 6, 1974, crude oil from the Shengli Oil Field was exported to the Philippines via Huangdao. 67. On December 4, 1963, Premier Zhou Enlai solemnly announced to the world at the fourth session of the Second National People’s Congress that \"China can now meet its oil needs almost entirely through self-sufficiency.\" "The era when the Chinese people used ‘kerosene’ is coming to an end forever.” 68. China first imported kerosene for lighting from the United States in 1863, during the second year of the Tongzhi reign of the Qing dynasty; the import volume that year was 2,100 gallons (about 7 tons). From then on, China became a market for kerosene dumping. 69. On December 18, 1978, China’s annual crude oil production reached 100 million tons, enabling it to join the ranks of the world’s major oil-producing countries and rank eighth in the world. 70. China’s large-scale processing of imported crude oil began in 1988. At that time, there were few varieties, limited to only five or six types such as Indonesian Minas oil, Oman oil, Malaysian oil, Iranian light oil, and Bakhtian oil. 71. Starting in 1995, China will import crude oil **directly from the Gulf. Before 1995, oil was purchased from international oil companies. 72. In September 1979, at the Tenth World Petroleum Congress held in Bucharest, Romania, China’s World Petroleum Congress **Committee was recognized as the only legitimate** committee in China. 73. China’s first “National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Market Conference” was held from May 13 to 15, 1993, in Karamay by the China National Petroleum Corporation. 74. Chinese oil companies that made it into the list of the top 100 national enterprises in 1992 in terms of oil fields include: Shengli Oil Field (11th place) ； Daqing Oilfield (13 characters) ； Liaohe Oilfield (22 positions) ； Xinjiang Oilfield (30 people) ； North China Oilfield (50 positions) ； Dagang Oilfield (59th), Zhongyuan Oilfield (76th). The top 100 enterprises are identified based on the annual technical development reports of large and medium-sized enterprises. Using mathematical calculation methods, a comprehensive index is derived from 17,000 enterprises across the country, taking into account 18 indicators in six categories: basic enterprise elements, investment in technology, decision-making and management, projects and achievements, technological competition and transfer, and improvements in economic efficiency. 75. On April 30, 1993, China National Petroleum Corporation awarded substantial prizes for the first time to 15 individuals who contributed to the development of the Daqing oil stabilization and water control system: Wang Zhiwu (30,000 yuan), Gu Xinyi, Shi Xingquan, and Hu Chaoyuan (20,000 yuan each); Wu Qizhi, Li Helin, Liu Wenzhang, Zhou Deming, Du Xianyue, Niu Yabin, Tian Guangshu, Tian Zongmin, Jiang Tian, Xin Jilin, and Shen Zhonghou (15,000 yuan each). 76. On March 29, 1993, Wang Tao, General Manager of China National Petroleum Corporation, led a Chinese petroleum delegation on its first visit to the United States. 77. The first Chinese oil enterprise to reach **Grade 1 status was the Daqing Oilfield, in 1990. 78. *The leader’s* first inscription for oil industry workers was written on May 20, 1944, in honor of Chen Zhenxia, the first director of the oil mine and one of the eight model workers in the border area. The inscription reads: “Work hard with dedication.” 79. The first oil industry worker in China to take a photo with U.S. President Clinton was Lou Zhenying, a female engineer at the Oil Production Technology Research Institute of Henan Oilfield; this took place on January 16, 1993, the afternoon of the day President Clinton moved into the White House. 80. China’s first oil worker to travel by bicycle was He Sheng, a worker at the First Oil Production Plant of the North China Oil Field. In 1991, I traveled from Qingdao to Shanghai and then to Xinjiang (that is, a trip from Beijing to Kashgar), covering a distance of over 10,000 kilometers. In 1993, a journey to the Roof of the World was undertaken, covering a distance of 10,000 kilometers via Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan–Xi’an–Chengdu–Panzhihua–Lhasa–Shigatse. This trip was accompanied by Ms. Yu Juanjuan from Beijing, who had previously ridden a bicycle around the country together with her. 81. The first entity within China’s petroleum sector to enter the labor market in Southeast Asia was the Sichuan Petroleum Bureau of China, with 38 high-pressure vessel welders going abroad in May 1993. These young workers, aged 19 to 35, with a high school education and technical certificates at level four or above, will work at Sinogard Shipyard in Singapore for two years. 82. The “First National Petroleum Fashion Contest” was held in Sichuan in 1991, initiated jointly by the China Petroleum Artists Association and the Sichuan Petroleum Bureau; 46 models from twelve oil fields participated in the contest. 83. The First China Land-Based Petroleum Engineering Exhibition and Symposium. It grandly opened in Guangzhou on December 9, 1986. 84. The first risk contract for oil exploration in China was signed on May 28, 1985, between China National Petroleum Exploration Company Hainan Branch and the Australian CSR Sugar Company. 85. On June 1, 1985, Company 3 of the Geophysical Exploration Corporation under China’s Petroleum Industry Ministry organized a desert seismology team of over 100 people, which entered the Lop Nur area in the eastern part of the Tarim Basin for the first time. 86. In August 1985, China built its first 200,000-ton oil terminals in Dalian and Qingdao. 87. On December 21, 1985, natural gas from the North China Oil Field was supplied to the capital, Beijing, for the first time. 88. On April 11, 1982, the Daqing 1205 drilling team exceeded the mark of one million meters in drilling depth. Founded in 1953, it was the first drilling team to reach a depth of one million meters. 89. On January 30, 1982, China issued the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Foreign Cooperation in the Exploration and Exploitation of Marine Oil Resources. At the same time, laws and regulations such as the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, Marine Environmental Protection Law, Maritime Traffic Safety Law, and relevant tax laws were enacted. 90. The first petroleum industry school in New China was the Dalian Petroleum Industry School, established on November 12, 1950; it was moved to Fushun in 1953 and renamed the \"Fushun Petroleum School\" under the Central Fuel Industry Ministry. In 1958, it was upgraded to the “Fushun Petroleum Institute”. In 1983, it was directly under the Ministry of Petroleum Industry. In January 1984, it was assigned to Sinopec Corporation. 91. China’s first petroleum-related higher education institution was the Beijing Petroleum Institute, founded on October 1, 1953. It was established in accordance with the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai, by merging the petroleum specialization in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University, the chemical fuel specialization at Dalian Institute of Technology, and related specializations in other institutions. The first dean and Party secretary was Yan Ziyuan. As of June 1993, there were **six registered petroleum-related institutions of higher education: Xi’an Petroleum Institute, China University of Petroleum, Jianghan Petroleum Institute, Southwest Petroleum Institute, Daqing Petroleum Institute, and Xinjiang Petroleum Institute.** 92. The first petroleum exploration conference of China’s Ministry of Petroleum Industry was held in January 1956. 93. The famous event in the history of oil transportation in China, known as the \"transport of crude oil to the east\", refers to the incident on November 1, 1953, when crude oil was transported by truck between Yumen and Dachagou. On July 1, 1956, the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway was extended to Yumen, after which trains were used for transportation eastward. 94. China’s largest sedimentary basin is the Tarim Basin, with an area of 560,000 square kilometers. It is located in the center of the Eurasian continent, and the distance to coastlines in all directions is around 4,000 kilometers. The Taklamakan Desert within this basin covers an area of 33.7 square kilometers, making it the second-largest desert in the world after the Sahara Desert. 95. On January 1, 1990, China Central Television broadcast the first feature film depicting the arduous efforts in the oil industry – \"The Iron Man\". 96. The Zhoushan LiuZhong Company Oil Base, China’s largest commercial oil transshipment facility, had its first phase put into operation on August 5, 1993. It set five national records: (1) it is the largest oil terminal in China with a capacity of 100,000 cubic meters; (2) its 168-meter long approach bridge is the shortest and cheapest among similar bridges at large ports in the country; (3) its 60-meter-long remotely controlled fire foam cannons have the greatest range of any such cannons in China. (5) At 16:00, the oil pipeline can be used at an elevation angle of 135 degrees within a range of 80 degrees to the left and right, making it the largest of its kind among equipment of this type in China. 97. China’s five major petrochemical bases: Yanshan, Daqing, Qilu, Yangzi, and Jinshan. 98. China’s four major fiber optic manufacturing bases: Liaoyang, Tianjin, Jinshan, and Chuanwei. 99. The founding history of well logging in Chinese oil fields – Professor Wang Yucai. He graduated from Beijing Petroleum Institute in 1954 and engaged in education and teaching research work; he was 70 years old in 1993. 100. One chapter in the history of Chinese petroleum: On September 25, 1949, Yumen was liberated. Commander-in-Chief Peng Dehuai assigned Kang Shien, who had previously served in the Northwest Field Army, to take charge of Yumen as its **general representative. President Peng said to Kang, “You studied geology at Tsinghua University before; now you’ve been sent to work at this oil field, so you must protect it and develop it well.” 101. Part Two of the History of China’s Petroleum Industry: In February 1952, the central authorities decided that the 57th Division of the 19th Army of the People’s Liberation Army should be reorganized into the 1st Petroleum Engineering Division. Zhang Fuzhen was appointed as the division commander, while Zhang Wenbin served as the political commissar; both of them transferred to work in the petroleum sector. *The order states: \"I approve the plan to reorganize the 57th Division of the 19th Army of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army into the 1st Petroleum Engineering Division of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, assigning to you the honorable task of contributing to the country’s economic development.\" You used to be well-trained combat teams with a high level of organization and discipline; I believe that on the front lines of production and construction, you will become skilled construction teams. Shortly after being demobilized, the petroleum engineers formed various training units as well as cadre study and inspection groups, including a First Drilling Regiment, a Second Infrastructure Regiment, and a Third Transportation Regiment. 102. Part Three of the History of China’s Petroleum Industry: In 1958, during the First National **Fifth Conference**, Premier Zhou Enlai asked Yu Qiuli to take on the role of Minister of the Petroleum Industry. In the afternoon, he met with Comrade Yu Qiuli at Juxiangwu in Zhongnanhai. This was when Geology Minister Li Siguang presented an overview of China’s oil resources, and after Premier Zhou Enlai heard Yu Qiuli’s plan regarding his appointment as Minister of the Petroleum Industry, he immediately agreed, saying, “Okay, I know Comrade Yu Qiuli well!” " Yu Qiuli – with the rank of lieutenant general and aged 43, is one of the 18 one-armed generals in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army; he used to serve as the political commissar of the General Logistics Department of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. 103. In January 1992, China discovered an atmospheric field for the first time in the Cenozoic Quaternary strata in eastern Qaidam. The potential scale of this gas field could reach the level of world-class giant gas fields. 104. In January 1993, a large oil field with reserves of over 100 million tons was discovered in the desert area of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. This was the most significant discovery in Tarim oil exploration up to 1993. 105. In July 1993, 10 layers of oil-bearing sandstone were discovered for the first time in the Jurassic strata of the southeastern depression of the Tarim Basin, with a total thickness of 150 meters. 106. In March 1994, a large oil field with reserves in the tens of millions of tons was discovered in Jiangsu—the Cuizhuang Oil Field. 107. The Shaanxi-Beijing pipeline was completed, supplying gas to Beijing. The Changqing gas field in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region made rapid progress in exploration during the 1980s and 1990s, with natural gas reserves of over 300 billion cubic meters already identified. This is the decisive reason behind China’s project of transporting natural gas from the west to the east. The delivery of natural gas from the Changqing gas field to Beijing was a major decision made by the State Council aimed at improving the environment in the capital and enhancing the quality of life of its residents. The Shaanxi-Beijing gas pipeline, completed in 1997, made it possible for Beijing to reduce air pollution by utilizing natural gas. The Shaanxi-Beijing pipeline is 918.42 kilometers long with a diameter of 660 millimeters. It starts in Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province, and ends at the Yamenkou terminal station in Shijingshan District, Beijing. It is currently the longest and largest-diameter natural gas transmission pipeline on land in China. This pipeline was jointly invested in and built by the then China National Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation and the People’s Government of Beijing. 108. Tarim Desert Highway. The Tarim Desert Highway was built primarily to develop oil fields in the interior of the Taklamakan Desert. It is 552 kilometers long, of which 446 kilometers lie within the desert area. It starts 9 kilometers from National Highway 314 in Luntai County, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, and extends to 22 kilometers east of Minfeng County in Hotan Prefecture along National Highway 315, thereby connecting National Highway 314 with National Highway 315. The entire line was put into operation in September 1995. The construction of the road transformed the \"Sea of Death\" into a passable route, reducing the distance from Luntai County to the Hotan region by 500 kilometers. 109. In March 1996, China’s second major offshore gas field—the Dongfang 1-1 gas field—was discovered and confirmed in the Yinggehai Basin of the South China Sea. 110. In November 1997, a major discovery was made in oil and gas exploration in the Qaidam region, bringing its oil and gas reserves to rank fourth among all gas fields in the country. 111. By the end of 1997, China’s crude oil production reached 160 million tons, ranking it fifth in the world ； The annual crude oil processing capacity has reached 226 million tons, ranking third in the world ； The ethylene production capacity is 4 million tons per year, ranking fifth in the world ； Fertilizer production amounted to 28.21 million tons (in pure terms), ranking first in the world ； The production of pesticides, soda ash, sulfuric acid, and dyes all ranks second in the world. The production of caustic soda reached 5.74 million tons, ranking it third in the world. 112. The establishment of China’s first chemical industry base – Jihua. Jihua Group Company (formerly Jilin Chemical Industry Company, abbreviated as Jihua) was the first chemical industry base built during the \"First Five-Year Plan\" period, characterized by the \"three major chemical plants\" (dye factories, fertilizer factories, and calcium carbide factories); it later became a \"red banner\" in the field of chemistry. By the end of February 1999, Jihua Group Corporation had fixed assets with an original value of 29.33 billion yuan and a net value of 23.34 billion yuan. It possessed 466 production units, with an annual crude oil processing capacity of 5 million tons and an annual ethylene production capacity of 400,000 tons. The company produced more than 1,000 products across over a dozen different series, and had become a large-scale integrated petrochemical enterprise operating across various regions and industries. 113. China’s largest offshore gas field—the Yacheng 13-1 gas field—has been completed and put into operation to supply gas to **. Located in the southern waters of Hainan Island, 100 kilometers away from Sanya Port, this gas field covers an area of 45.2 square kilometers and has natural gas reserves of 88.5 billion cubic meters; it is the largest gas field discovered offshore in China. The Yacheng 13-1 gas field is developed through a partnership between CNOOC, Arco China Limited, and Kuwait Petroleum China Company. On October 24, 1992, the gas field began supplying gas on a trial basis to **, and on January 1, 1996, it started delivering gas to ** on a regular basis, mainly for power generation ； March 1: Gas supply to Hainan Province, mainly for power generation and fertilizer production. By 1998, this gas field had produced a total of 9.5 billion cubic meters of gas and 150,000 tons of condensate. 114. On March 18, 1999, the Zhejiang branch of the Agricultural Bank of China granted the first credit loan of 100 million yuan to Zhejiang Chuanhua Chemical Group Company, the largest private chemical enterprise in Zhejiang Province. 115. On April 26, 1999, a meeting of renowned petroleum geologists concluded that, as a result of years of oil and gas exploration and development in China’s western Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, Gansu-Ningxia Basin in Shaanxi, and Sichuan-Chongqing Basin, four **-class natural gas fields had been developed, providing a solid resource foundation for the implementation of China’s West-East Gas Transmission project. 116. In August 1999, the two major state-owned enterprises, China National Petroleum Corporation and Sinopec Group, underwent another round of comprehensive restructuring. Restructuring is carried out in accordance with the requirements of specialization, market orientation, and modernization, following the principles of separating core businesses from auxiliary ones, separating high-quality assets from poor-quality ones, and separating social functions from corporate functions. Its purpose is to accelerate the establishment of a modern enterprise system. 117. In December 1999, Sinopec Group merged with Xinxing Petroleum. 118. In May 1998, another new oil field was discovered in the Pearl River Delta basin—the Fanyu 4-2 oil field. This is the fifth oil field cluster following the four oil field clusters in Hui Zhou, Lufeng, Xi Hui, and Liu Hua in the eastern South China Sea. 119. In October 1998, China discovered three medium-sized oil fields in the ShijiuTuo uplift structure belt in the Bohai Sea area of the Bohai Oil Field. This is another major oil field in China’s offshore areas, with reserves exceeding 300 million tons, following the Suizhong 361 oil field. 120. The Ke-Yi structural belt in the Kuqa depression of the Tarim Basin: In 1998, it added 185.645 billion cubic meters to the proven natural gas reserves, and 170.688 billion cubic meters to the estimated reserves. It is anticipated that the Ke-Yi structural belt is a gas-bearing area with high abundance and high production, spanning a volume of 300-500 billion cubic meters. 121. In 1998, in the Mobei area of the Junggar Basin: 52.6 million tons of new proven reserves were added, along with 41.32 million tons of new estimated reserves. Moreover, with thick reservoir layers and good reservoir properties, it is predicted to be an oil field of nearly 100 million tons in scale, with great exploration potential and promising development prospects. 122. Mesozoic strata in the northern Ordos Basin in 1998: Five relatively high-yield Jurassic oil reservoirs were discovered in the Anbian-Wugu City area of the Wugu City Delta; these reservoirs had good properties and high production rates, resulting in an additional 25.91 million tons of proven oil geological reserves. An additional 15.07 million tons of proven oil geological reserves were identified in the Liandaowan area of the Zhijing Delta. 123. The Du Kou River structure in the Sichuan Basin in 1998: Further progress was made that year, with a total of 27.17 billion cubic meters discovered; the combined amount of what has been discovered and predicted amounts to 45 billion cubic meters. 124. In 1998, the Taijiner structure in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin: Well Taiji 1 produced high-volume gas flows; through scientific research efforts, the changes in seismic wave speeds caused by gas presence in the reservoir were quantitatively determined, and the area containing gas was identified, resulting in a controlled reserve volume of 27.741 billion cubic meters. 125. In March 1999, an oil and gas reservoir with thick layers was discovered in the Jiangsu Oilfield, and good signs of oil and gas were also found in the Shayan area of Yangzhou. In this way, a block cluster oil field with a reserve of tens of millions of tons can be formed in this area. 126. In April 1999, the Dagang Oilfield discovered a large ancient submarine oil structure with oil and gas reserves exceeding 100 million tons – the “Dagang Qianlimiao Ancient Submarine” oil and gas structure of 100-million-ton scale. 127. Full operation of the Donghai Pinghu oil and gas field began. At 5:30 on March 26, 1999, the natural gas produced by the Donghai Pinghu oil and gas field arrived successfully at the Nanhui terminal in Shanghai. The Pinghu Oil and Gas Field is the first oil and gas field to be developed in the East China Sea to date. It is located on the sea, over 360 kilometers east of Shanghai. It was jointly funded by the Shanghai Municipal Government, Xinxing Petroleum Company, and China National Offshore Oil Corporation; China National Offshore Oil Corporation was responsible for its construction and served as the operator for the first two years after it went into operation. Once in operation, it will be able to supply 400,000 cubic meters of natural gas per day to the residents of Shanghai; after one year, its production capacity can be increased to a level that allows for a steady supply of 1.2 million cubic meters of natural gas per day. 128. Oil field worth hundreds of millions of tons discovered in the Bohai Sea. On July 14, 1999, CNOOC announced that a significant oil and gas discovery had been made in the Penglai 19-3 structure, located in the central part of the Bohai Bay. Logging data from the exploration well indicated that the thickness of the oil layer was 217 meters; logging data from the subsequent evaluation well showed that the oil layer thickness was 228 meters. Tests have shown that the natural flow production is 110–127 cubic meters of oil per day and over 5,000 cubic meters of natural gas per day; preliminary estimates indicate that the reserves exceed 100 million tons. 129. Dagang Oilfield Company discovered a Paleozoic oil and gas reservoir. The first exploration well in the Paleozoic era in the Wumaying buried hill structure area of Cangzhou Province, Well Wushen 1, produced high-volume gas flows after acidizing treatment. This represents another major breakthrough in the exploration of ancient subsea hills in Dagang, following the discovery of an oil and gas reservoir of hundreds of millions of tons of the \"newly formed ancient reservoir\" type at Qianmi Bridge in the Central-Northern area. On December 9, 1999, Dagang conducted an acidizing test on this well, using a 12-mm nozzle to increase production, resulting in a daily gas output of 137,000 cubic meters. At this moment, the two flames ignited, lighting up the sky over the southern area of Dagang and demonstrating the promising prospects for exploring oil and gas reservoirs of the \"Paleozoic-Paleostratigraphic\" type. 130. CACT operator group achieves deepest sidetracking well in China. In 1999, the CACT operator group successfully carried out sidetracking on well Huizhou 26-1-7SB in the Pearl River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea; the well’s depth was 3,665 meters, with a horizontal displacement at the bottom of the well of 2,300 meters, setting a record for the deepest sidetracked well in China. 131. New discoveries made in the Pearl River Estuary exploration. At the beginning of November 1999, new findings were made in block 15/14 of the Santa Fe contract area in the Pearl River Estuary region of the South China Sea. Prospecting for new oil fields: Well Panyu 5-1-1 is located 18 kilometers east of the Panyu 4-2 structure, where approximately 120 meters of oil-bearing sandstone have been found, distributed across 20 oil layers. Preliminary estimates suggest that this new discovery will be the second commercial find in the area. 132. The Jinzhou 9-3 oil field was put into operation. On October 30, 1999, the Jinzhou 9-3 oil field in the Bohai Sea was brought online for production. Located in the northern part of the Liaodong Bay in the Bohai Sea, it is 53 kilometers away from Huludao City and 28 kilometers from the coast. The area of the oil field is 18.9 square kilometers, with geological reserves of 30.8 million tons; its annual production capacity is 1 million tons, and the planned mining period is 15 years. 133. In 1999, China National Petroleum Corporation and China National Offshore Oil Corporation pursued overseas listings. 134. In early January 2000, Sino-U.S. cooperation in oil exploration yielded fruitful results. According to **media reports, the first shallow exploration well drilled by the American company Comex Oil in the Bohai Sea recently produced a significant amount of oil. Tests show that 395 cubic meters of crude oil are produced per day. This well is located in the western part of the Bohai Sea, about 40 kilometers east of Tanggu. It represents a large anticline structure on the Shatianlei uplift in the Bohai Sea, with a structural area of over 20 square kilometers. 135. Construction begins on China’s largest crane-laying vessel. On January 10, 2000, construction of China’s largest crane-laying vessel commenced; the signing ceremony for the construction contract took place in Beijing on December 21, 1999. Houghton Corporation of the United States serves as the general contractor, while Yantai Raffles Shipyard acts as the sub-contractor for hull construction. This pipe-laying crane ship has a lifting capacity of 3,800 tons, making it the ship with the highest lifting capacity among those in China. It can rotate in all directions and is equipped with a pipe-laying tube, enabling it to perform both lifting and pipe-laying tasks at sea. Its completion not only met the needs of large-scale development and construction of offshore oil and gas fields in China, but also significantly enhanced the equipment capabilities of CNOOC Offshore Oil Engineering Company. This post was last edited by dwf739 on 2009-1-1 10:44]