What causes the decrease in bed temperature in the Klaus reactor?
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In this workshop, a short-term phenomenon occurred in the Claus unit: the temperature of the Claus bed decreased. The inlet temperature was 270, while the temperature at the upper point of the bed was 250, which is lower than the inlet temperature 2. The thermoelectric temperature measurement is fine. 3. No low-temperature gases such as nitrogen or steam enter. I would like to ask the teacher what causes this phenomenon? An imbalance in the air ratio leads to an imbalance in the gas composition; could this result in the bed temperature being lower than the inlet temperature? Please explain the reason.
1. Adjust the air supply volume in a timely manner based on the amount of acidic gas and its composition. Appropriately increase the air-fuel ratio to ensure that the temperature of the acidic gas combustion furnace remains at least 1000°C. A high air-fuel ratio may lead to a decrease in the overall sulfur recovery rate, an increase in the residual oxygen content in the process gas, and a reduced service life of the catalyst. During production, the air distribution ratio should be carefully adjusted; the amount of air supplied must not be excessive or experience significant fluctuations ； 2. Increase the mixing amount of the primary and secondary mixing valves, raise the temperature at the reactor inlet, and ensure that the temperature at the reactor outlet is not lower than the sulfur dew point temperature. 3. To prevent the waste heat boiler of the acidic gas combustion furnace, as well as the first, second, and third stage condensers, from entering a subcooled state, which could lead to sulfur solidification and blockages in the equipment and pipelines, it is necessary to supply preheated steam continuously at the bottom during normal operation in order to maintain the outlet temperature of the process gas. The waste heat boiler of the combustion furnace is preheated using 1.0 Mpa steam, while the first, second, and third stage condensers are preheated using 0.3 Mpa steam. 4. When the furnace temperature is too low, the sulfur production combustion furnace can be fed with a small amount of gas (along with a small amount of steam) to raise the furnace temperature to 1000°C. It is also necessary to ensure that the furnace temperature does not exceed 1250°C. This measure is a retention technique; during operation, strict precautions must be taken to prevent carbon buildup and the formation of black sulfur. 5. Strengthen wastewater discharge from various discharge points
What process is your sulfur recovery unit using? Why is the reactor inlet temperature controlled at 270°C? Does the device have an on-line analyzer?
The temperature rise in the bed layer should be between 20 and 30°C. Possible reasons include issues with the air supply, incorrect acid components, poor reaction efficiency, or excessive air volume, high pressure, and fast flow rates. . Insufficient residence time. . . Specific laboratory analysis is required
In addition to the views expressed by those upstairs, I would like to add one more reason: the hydrolysis reaction in the Klaus bed occurs more intensely as the carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon contents in the acidic gas increase. Since the hydrolysis reaction is endothermic, the temperature of the catalyst bed is higher than the inlet temperature. The following measures can be tried: 1. Increase the inlet temperature of the converter by 20–30°C to thermally soak the catalyst bed and remove any sulfur accumulated in it. The time remains around 24 hours. 2. Control the ratio of the online analyzer so that it remains at 3–4:1, and carry out sulfate reduction on the catalyst for a duration of 24 hours. 3. Control the quality of acidic gas to keep the hydrocarbon content below 2%. 4. To increase the temperature of the sulfur production furnace, hydrogen can be introduced into the furnace (avoid using gas if possible) to reduce the formation of organic sulfur.
"Since the hydrolysis reaction is an endothermic reaction, is it really an endothermic reaction? I checked a book; it seems to be about exothermic reactions. I’m not sure who is correct I’m referring to <<Kraus Process for Sulfur Recovery>> published by the Petroleum Industry Press; on page 6, COS is mentioned, and on page 7, CS2 is mentioned. The ▽H values are all negative, indicating exothermic reactions. This post was last edited by superclaus-user on 2009-1-19 14:04]
The main reasons are as follows: 1. An imbalance in the ratio of air to hydrogen sulfide results in reduced reaction heat, causing the temperature to drop naturally. If the ratio is severely unbalanced, or no reaction occurs at all, coupled with the heat loss from the reactor, the temperature drop will naturally be significant. 2. The catalyst suffered severe physical damage, resulting in a significant decline in its reactivity, with no reaction heat being generated ； 3. The temperature changes caused by hydrolysis can be ignored, as there is very little organic sulfur, and its impact is negligible.
There is a problem with the two-channel opening. Fluctuations in the composition of acidic gases are increasing. The adjustment lag of the air distribution ratio.