Teach you how to use SuperMemo memory method manually

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Introduction First, let’s introduce SuperMemo. This is a memory-helping software that is widely used by students with PDAs to memorize English words and even memorize exam questions. Because its algorithm conforms to the characteristics of human brain memory and forgetting, the memory effect is very good. This article is a handmade version of SuperMemo. In essence, it is the algorithm of this software. At the end of the article, there are several software recommended by the translator that apply relevant principles, which are very suitable for helping linguistics * . Author who teaches you how to use SuperMemo memory method manually: Biedalak K., Murakowski J., Wozniak P. (Source: SuperMemo 6 User's Guide, 1992) This article teaches you how to use the SuperMemo memory method manually, which allows you to learn quickly. * Knowledge of languages, sciences, geography and various other subjects without spending a penny more. Be prepared, but 80% of the time you will think: Why should I spend time with dots, tables, and numbers? I know how to learn * , I don’t see the benefit of this method! Don't worry, if you insist on using SuperMemo for a month, you will understand its benefits! SuperMemo is the only way to reasonably arrange knowledge points to learn repeatedly * method, the algorithm described below can excellently solve repeated learning * There is a conflict between the accuracy of the intervals and the complexity of completing the entire calculation process manually (without the help of a computer). Pen and paper SuperMemo at the beginning * Beforehand, please prepare reference books, notes, dictionaries or anything else that will help you learn * The content is helpful information. Starting to learn * Before doing so, please have the reference book in front of you. Now, ready to start using SuperMemo, you need to: Two gridded exercises * Ben, a pen, and one to two hours to read this article carefully. Then you will know what SuperMemo can help you. 1. Practice the first one * This name is "DATABOOK". Open the data note and copy the table shown in Table 1 on the first page. Repeat the question column and answer column * Graded Repeat Learning * Date 12345NoDatU123456789101112 Table 1 Page layout of SuperMemo data notes 2. Check whether you agree with the point of view: If you want to learn something from a book, you can always express and master the knowledge points in the book in the form of questions and answers. If you agree with this sentence in principle please skip to step 3. If the answer is no, then consider the situation: Want to learn * A book that can simply ask a very general question: What is this book about? Answering this question in detail is equivalent to learning * Do you agree with the knowledge in the book? Obviously, it would be simpler to answer a question that doesn't require a complicated answer. For example: · if you want to learn * A book on physics that begins with the following words: The theoretical problems of molecular dynamics are based on three facts: (1) Matter is made up of particles, (2) these particles move randomly, and (3) these particles interact with each other. You can ask the following questions: What facts are the theoretical questions of molecular dynamics based on? What theory is based on particles that exist, move randomly, and interact with each other? etc. It's not that hard, it doesn't take too many questions to make sure that the person who answers the question appropriately understands and masters the first sentence of the physics book. In the same way, the entire book can be expressed in terms of questions and answers. · If you want to learn Esperanto (or any other language), you'll probably start by mastering vocabulary and grammar. for example: Question 1: river Answer 1: rivero Question 2: riverside Answer 2: rivera Question 3: on the road by the river Answer 3: rivere Question 4: flow like a river Answer 4: riveri Question 5: What suffix represents a verb? Answer 5: -i (eg RIVER-I) · If you want to learn * For poetry, your questions may include the author and title of the poem. If you want to study anatomy or geography, your questions and answers may include simple pictures. Of course, each chapter of the book can be broken down into smaller knowledge points in this way. Mastering these knowledge points will almost understand the entire book. 3. Now, it’s time to understand the hardest part of SuperMemo.: Establish the problem. Please fill in the information about your study on the first page of the data note * Content questions and answers. Use your reference materials (notes, dictionary, etc.) to help you formulate questions. Write the questions and answers consecutively on separate lines on the first page. Below is a sample page about American history. Your information about American history might look like this: In the early 16th century, the first group of English immigrants to cross the Atlantic kicked off a huge wave of immigration from Europe to North America. During the six to 12 week voyage, they survived on meager rations. Many people died from disease. The first thing the colonists saw was the tree-covered shores of the New World. To be precise, the woods were the habitat of Indians, many of whom were hostile to the whites. Indian attacks made the immigrants' lives even more difficult. But the vast old-growth forests that stretch along the eastern coast will be a huge treasure trove. The first permanent English settlement in America was the trading post established in 1607 at Jamestown in the Old Dominion of Virginia. The area soon prospered from growing tobacco for the English market. By 1620, women came to Virginia from England, got married, and settled down. There were more and more large farms along the James River, and the settled population grew to 1,000. Compare other * * Immigration policies in other periods, the initiators of English immigration were not * * , but private parties whose purpose is to gain profits. The colony of New Netherland, founded by the Dutch in 1621, was ruled by the English in 1664 and renamed New York. Here are the questions and answers that should be included in your data notes:: Q1: When did the great migrations from Europe to North America occur? A1: Early 16th century. Q2: How long did the voyages of early settlers take? A2: More than 6 weeks. Q3: Why did so many early settlers die? A3: Because of the long voyage and limited dry food. Q4: Why did the Indians bring hardship to the immigrants? A4: Many of them are hostile. Q5: . . . A5: . . . (Some questions and answers are omitted here. If you are interested, please see the original text) 4. Please pay attention to the following statement: SuperMemo ensures that you can learn the questions you created in step 3 most effectively. But you learn * The quality of your knowledge is closely related to the questions you create. Remember that the responsibility for creating the question lies entirely with you! 5. Now you can learn * This is the first page I made based on the SuperMemo memory method. Cover the answer with a piece of paper and try to answer the first question without looking at the answer. Compare your answers to those in your data notes. If the answer is correct, great, please continue to the second question. If wrong, please repeat the study. * Click a dot in the first box of the rating column (the column corresponding to number 1 in Table 1). It is entirely up to you to decide whether the answer is correct or incorrect. If you want to learn faster * Speed ​​reduces accuracy slightly and you can be a little more lenient with yourself. On the other hand, if high accuracy is required, you need to go slower. Repeat the above process for all questions. All questions answered incorrectly will be repeated on the first * Click a dot in the rating column. Now, as before, try to answer all the questions that were marked again. Don't ask questions without punctuation. If you still can't answer some questions correctly, please repeat the study again * Click another dot in the first column of the rating column. Now, try to answer all the two-point questions. Don’t forget to click on the third point for the questions you didn’t answer correctly. Repeat the above process until you have answered all the questions correctly. Now let's assume you can answer basically all the questions. Then the first round of replay * It's done. 6. Fill in the following information to Repeat Learning * In the date column (only the first column): NO - Repeat learning * The number of times (1 in this example) Date – today’s date U – the number of questions that were not answered correctly, that is, repeated learning * The number of questions with one or more points in the scoring column will be repeated in the future. * In memory, you will fill in the following columns. 7. The next step is to decide when you need to resume based on the SuperMemo schedule. * Newly learned questions page. Put your second practice * This name is SCHEDULE BOOK. Open the schedule notes and copy Table 2 below to the first page. Repeat learning * Interval 14 days 27 days 312 days 420 days 51 months 62 months 73 months 85 months 99 months 1016 months 112 years 124 years 136 years 1411 years 1518 years Table 2 Repeat learning * Interval Table 8. Use the data in Table 2 to determine the next repetition * Time to remember. For selected repeats * times, repeated learning * The interval table shows how many days, months or years after which a new iteration of the study should be carried out. * . For example, you just finished studying the first page of content for the first time. * , then repeat the learning next time * It should be 4 days later (repeat learning * The interval between times equal to 1 is 4 days). Repeat the study again after 4 days * , learn again next time * The time interval should be 7 days (repeat learning * The interval between times equal to 2 is 7 days). 9. Make repetitions * calendar. On the second page of your calendar notes, write the current month and year at the top. In the following rows, mark the leftmost margin with the date: 1, 2, 3,... mark different dates according to different months. On the third page, repeat the same steps, this time writing the next month at the top. Use this method to write as many pages as you think are appropriate. Please use consecutive months (or years, if necessary). (Or find a suitable calendar, translator's note) 10. Because you need to reply on the fourth day * For the first page we just learned, please find the corresponding date on the calendar prepared in step 9. Mark the number 1 on the corresponding line to indicate the first page (see Table 3). January 1991 12345678 1,9...25262728293031 Table 3 Completed the first repeated study * Example of future calendar home page. Notice: The first page should have been learned on January 4, 1991 * Passed, repeat it next time * It should be on January 8th. 11. Now you can create more question and answer pages and memorize them. Repeat for these content pages * The time is 4 days later, which means you have to review on the 4th day * . Okay, your data and schedule notes can start to help you memorize according to the SuperMemo memory method. Starting to learn * Before we get into the details of the training algorithm, we have to tell you some principles that you must follow if you really want to succeed.: 1. Don’t learn by repetition * Put it off until the next day. Because it’s easy to pile up a lot of work, resulting in learning * failure bad * used. In addition, we must strictly abide by repeated learning * schedule, because it is strictly calculated according to human memory cycles. Every delay may lower academic performance * efficiency. Please study regularly * . Remember, no pain, no gain. 2. Because you have to use SuperMemo to study every day * , it is best to learn * Set the time for 10-15 minutes to see if you can use the time regularly and effectively. If you start too quickly, you may quickly become overwhelmed by the sheer number of tasks that must be completed. Don't worry. Haste makes waste. 3. Try to express the question and answer in its simplest form. It may be easier to memorize the same knowledge point into ten sub-knowledge points than to remember them all at once. In addition to learning * In addition to how to use SuperMemo (actually very simple), you also need to learn * How to split the problem into the smallest units so that we can learn effectively * And no content is lost. Simple entries are the best ingredients for SuperMemo's success. Small is beautiful. Next, let’s take a look at the complete steps of the paper-and-pencil SuperMemo method. Please follow the steps below to learn every day * ： 1. Open the schedule note according to today's date. Look at the row labeled today's day (if you didn't reply a few days ago * If so, please find the reply you missed * start date). 2. Find the first uncircled page number in today’s date line (repeat the * Finished, please reply * Circle the page numbers that have been passed to prevent duplication. * ). If you don’t need to learn it today * of pages (there are no duplicates on the relevant rows * page number) please go to step 8. 3. Repeat learning * The content page found in step 2. Don’t forget to cover the answers on your data notes with paper. Answer the first question. Compare your response to the answer. If the answer is correct, go to the next question. If the answer is wrong, repeat the study on the relevant question. * Click a dot in the score column (the relevant score column is learned for the first time) * When it was the first column, I learned it the second time * is the second column, and so on). Repeat the above steps for all questions. Repeat the first question for all questions answered incorrectly * Click a dot in the rating column. Now, as before, try to answer all the questions that were marked. Don't do unpunctuated questions. If you still can't answer some questions correctly, please repeat the study again * Click another dot in the first column of the rating. Now, try to answer all the questions with two dots. Click on the third dot for the questions you did not answer correctly. Repeat the above process until you have answered all the questions correctly. 4. Learn through repetition * Write down repeated learning in the date column * number of times, today's date and number of questions not remembered. For example, you have just completed the third copy of this page. * , today’s date is March 6, 1993, the number of failed questions is 2, then repeat the study * The date column should look like this: NoDateU1 February 23, 1993 232 February 27, 1993 43 February 6, 1993 2 5. Follow the repetition on the first page of the schedule notes * The interval (Table 2) determines the content of this page next time * date. 6. Find the next reply on the schedule note * Write down the page number where the date is. 7. Go back to the row of today’s schedule in the schedule note, and click * Circle the past page numbers. Go back to step 2. 8. If you learn today * The time is up, please stop studying * . If you still have time, check the data notes to see if there are pages of content that you have not yet memorized (repeat the * Score Column and Repeat Learning * The date columns are all empty). If there is no such content page, please skip to step 9, otherwise, please learn * These new content pages, put them into the review 4 days later * In the plan. The specific method is to repeat step 3 for the new content pages, and then record their page numbers in the schedule notes to correspond to the reply in 4 days. * date row. 9. Create a new content page in the data note. Use the toolkit to help create questions and answers. After you have created your new content page, go to step 8. Some methods to help you better use SuperMemo to improve memory efficiency. After using SuperMemo to memorize for a short period of time, you will find its shortcomings. You should also be able to sense the power of this approach and why it is not used more thoroughly. You notice duplication of content pages * The intervals become longer, and these intervals are calculated based on human memory rules. Nonetheless, due to everyone’s learning * Different abilities, repeated learning * The interval chart should be adapted to different people and different students. * Improve the content. In addition, depending on the difficulty of certain questions, the repetition * The intervals will also be different. Below I list some ways to avoid the above problems. Replication issues you can easily spot, in one replication * Questions that are not remembered in the exam are likely to be repeated the next time * I still can’t remember it. For such knowledge points, after repeated learning 4, 5 or 6 times, * Finally, you should organize all the questions and answers you haven't memorized on a new content page. No special repeated learning is required * Plan, this content page will be added to daily review like other knowledge points * plan. Do not delete copied questions from the original content page. In this way, these difficult-to-remember questions will appear more often than other questions in repeated learning. * Planned. Replicated issues will be covered in future reissues * No special treatment is required, so if you find that you still can't remember it, consider copying it again so that it appears more often than other problems. Distribute content pages in the schedule notes As you noticed, the same day learning * 's content page will always be repeated on the same day * . This can be troublesome. If you study on weekends * More content is available in the reply * On that day, you may be faced with a large amount of content in a limited time. A simple way to adjust is to not follow the repetition learning * interval table. It is easy to think that for long repeated learning * The difference between one and two days is not important. Therefore, if you notice that you have a lot of work to do in a day, it may be better to shorten or extend the intervals by a few days. This can allocate homework more reasonably. Simplify the questions You will often find that some questions are particularly difficult to remember. This kind of problem needs to be answered repeatedly * , because they are always reluctant to get into your head. Our experience shows that many times the difficulty in remembering is due to poorly constructed questions. The most important principle to remember: The simpler the question, the better. for example: Knowledge points: Q:What is an elephant? A: A mammal with thick skin, a long nose, big ears and white tusks. This is obviously inappropriate. Even if you have a good idea of ​​what an elephant is, you may often miss one or two features in your answer. The above knowledge points can be broken down into individual specific small questions, which is more conducive to memory.: Q: What is an elephant? A: An animalQ: What kind of animal does an elephant belong to? A: Mammal/vertebrate (Both answers are correct) Q: What kind of vertebrate does an elephant belong to? A: MammalsQ: What is the skin of an elephant like? A: Very thickQ: What is the shape of an elephant's trunk? A: Long tube typeQ: What is the size of an elephant's ears? A: Very bigQ: What is the long thing sticking out of the elephant's mouth? A: IvoryQ: What color is ivory? A: White You'd probably think it would be easier to remember one item than eight. In fact, there is no more wrong view than this. The above set of questions will be remembered quickly, and the acquired knowledge will be stored more reasonably in your brain. Such memories are easier to access, more coherent and easier to associate. Knowledge that is easy to associate is more likely to stimulate creativity. please remember: If a question is difficult for you to answer, don't try to remember it. Think carefully about how to make it easier, or whether you really need to remember it. The problem with poor organization is often that students * reasons for inefficiency. Self-made repetition learning * The repetition learning mentioned earlier in the interval table * The interval table is just a pair of * An estimate of the prevailing situation. for different studies * scholars and different * Objects should have different schedules. Your ability to create problem items is also critical to optimal learning * Timetables have an impact. Therefore, if you want to modify your repeated learning * Timetable is something to consider. After a period of study * Later, if you find that you are unable to remember more and more things, you may want to consider shortening the corresponding time interval. Similarly, if * If the process is too smooth, for example, you almost always answer questions 100% correctly, you may consider lengthening your reply. * interval. In order to make your personal exploration easier, I would like to emphasize that repeated learning * The intervals generally use the same increment factor. Note that the first two repetitions * Spacing does not necessarily follow this rule. For example, the repeated learning in Table 2 * The interval is increased by a factor of 1.7. You can increase this factor if you learn * of too smoothly or lowering this factor if you always get poor results. Observation shows that in general you are unlikely to need a factor lower than 1.4 or higher than 3. In most cases, adjacent complexes * The intervals should be increased by a factor of 1.5-2.0. Increase repeat learning * Interval table If you understand the SuperMemo memory method deeply enough, you can try to create more repeated learning * interval. Each table should have different increment factors (see previous paragraph) to apply to different levels of difficulty. * entry. For example, you could start a study with an interval table with an increment factor of 2.5 * . When you add forgettable items to new content pages, you can use a smaller increment factor to * New content page. By analogy, a forgettable item page extracted from a content page with a factor of 1.9 can use a smaller increment factor (such as 1.6), and so on. Alternatively, you can estimate the * The difficulty of an item, and then placing it on the content page using a specific increment factor. Obviously, you need to have a lot of experience before doing these things. Related software downloads: SuperMemo: http://www.supermemo.com/english/down.htm (The software this article comes from, but it feels older) mnemosyne: http://www.mnemosyne-proj.org/ (Open source software, rich in functions, supports images) Anki: http://ichi2.net/anki/ (Open source software, the interface is simple and beautiful, it is very convenient to memorize words, and the functions are constantly being enriched) There are more good articles in: Yiwen Sharing (organized posts) http://bbs.hcbbs.com/thread-380697-1-1.html Continuously updating... This post was last edited by sytaenf on 2009-2-4 09:23 ]