Problems in the installation of tower equipment – Seeking advice

There are no specific regulations, but you can use a set square, or more simply, a short transparent tube filled with water – just like the method used by civil engineers to check levels.

The level gauge commonly used to measure levelness is a simple U-shaped tube: one end is fixed with a bottle containing water, while the other end has a scaled ruler that is moved across the tray; the level is determined by reading the water level on the scaled glass tube. If the deviation is small, the method suggested by the poster can be used; if the deviation is large, the tray supports need to be adjusted.

A laser level or U-tube can be used; no shims are allowed. It is necessary to adjust the tray support rings, and if the problem is severe, these rings should be cut off and rewelded to achieve levelness

Check with a level. Try to avoid using rubber washers for adjustment, as it’s not clear what reaction might occur between rubber and the medium. A slight amount of leakage is acceptable in the operation of the tray; if the deviation is too large, the support for the tray should be adjusted.

Is it easy to use a level in a tower? We use a U-tube filled with water; even if the tower is very level, vibrations (swinging) will still occur due to its height.

Installation of tower equipment and heat exchange equipment Various types of tower equipment are among the key devices in oil refining and chemical production facilities. It is characterized by being heavy, large, and tall; it has quite strict installation requirements and involves certain special installation techniques ； The same is true for heat exchange equipment; there are many types of it, and the installation requirements are also quite high. 　　 Section 1: Installation of Tower Equipment 　　 1. Types of Tower Equipment 　　 There are a wide variety of tower equipment, which are used in many different applications; there are also various ways to classify them. They are classified according to their uses as follows. 　　 (1) Fractionating tower: Separates a liquid mixture into various components. For example, the atmospheric tower and vacuum tower in atmospheric and vacuum distillation units separate crude oil into gasoline, kerosene, diesel, lubricating oils, and so on ； For example, the distillation tower in air separation units separates oxygen and nitrogen from the air that has been condensed into a liquid state. 　　 (2) Absorption tower: In this tower, an absorbent liquid is used to separate gases. For example, in a carbonation tower, concentrated ammonia water is used to absorb carbon dioxide from the shifted gas; this not only removes carbon dioxide from the shifted gas, resulting in pure nitrogen and hydrogen, but also produces ammonium bicarbonate. 　　 (3) Scrubber towers primarily use water to remove unwanted components or solid particles from gases, which is why they are also known as water wash towers. 　　 (4) Reaction tower: Through the catalytic action of catalysts inside the tower, the reactants are converted into new products. For example, in an ammonia synthesis tower, nitrogen and hydrogen fed into the tower are combined to produce ammonia. 　　 Based on their structural form, tower equipment is classified as follows. 　　 (1) Plate tower: The tower contains layers of trays (also known as plate elements) spaced at regular intervals. On each tray, the liquid and gas come into contact with each other before separating again; the gas then moves on to the upper layer of trays, while the liquid continues to flow to the lower layer of trays. Due to the different structural forms of the trays, plate towers are further divided into floating valve towers, S-shaped towers, bubble cap towers, and floating tongue towers, as shown in Figure 14-I. 　　 (2) Packed tower: The tower is generally divided into one to three layers, with a certain volume of packing installed on each tray. The liquid flows from top to bottom, while the gas enters at the bottom of the tower and flows from bottom to top; the two come into contact on the surface of the packing to facilitate heat or mass transfer. Depending on the requirements, there are many forms of packing, the main ones being columnar, honeycomb, saddle, ring-shaped, and various types of mesh packing. The structure of the packed tower is shown in Figure 14–2. 　　 (3) Synthesis tower: The tower consists of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, with the inner cylinder being composed of a catalyst basket, a gas distribution box, and a heat exchanger ； The outer cylinder is a high-pressure vessel. Based on the heat exchange method of the inner tube, it can further be divided into various structural types such as double-tube, triple-tube, and single-tube co-current configurations. As shown in Figure 14–3. 　　 II. Installation techniques for tower equipment 　　 (1) Hydrostatic testing of tower equipment 　　 Tower equipment can be tested for its strength and tightness, as well as to check for any abnormalities in the welding and connection areas, through water filling tests and hydrostatic tests (air pressure or airtightness tests can also be used). For specific methods, please refer to the relevant content in Chapter 3. 　　 (II) Preparatory work before lifting 　　 The positioning of tower equipment generally requires the use of lifting equipment; for the actual lifting process, either a simple overall lifting method or a more complex integrated lifting method can be considered. To carry out the lifting work properly, the following preparatory steps must be taken. 　　 ①Inspect the foundation of the tower equipment, paying special attention to the installation of the foot bolts and the placement of the shims. 　　 ②For the secondary transportation and positioning adjustment of tower equipment, barge towing is generally used, as shown in Figure 14–4 ； Page 236: http://www.buildbook.com.cn/ebook/2007/B10031963/20.gif If there is a deviation in the orientation of the pipe outlet, it should be adjusted in advance; this can be done using jacks, pulley systems, and steel cables, as shown in Figure 14–5. 　　 ③Arrange lifting equipment: If cranes are used for lifting, the crane placement location must be properly determined ； If mast lifting is used, the position of the mast, the winch, and the locations of all anchor points must be properly arranged. 　　 ④Smooth the surface and place a backing plate. 　　 (III) Lifting of tower equipment The lifting of tower equipment shall be carried out in accordance with the prepared lifting plan. It is generally divided into two steps: preliminary lifting and actual lifting. Preliminary lifting refers to the stage from starting the lifting winch to tensioning the steel wire rope; at this point, the equipment being lifted only begins to rise. The purpose of this step is to check the stress conditions on the ropes and machinery to ensure that they are safe and reliable ； During the formal lifting process, it is essential to ensure that the actions at each workstation are carried out under unified command and in coordination, so as to enable the equipment to be placed on its foundation smoothly, safely, and stably. 　　 (IV) Placement, alignment, and fixation of tower equipment When placing the tower equipment, it should be possible to align it with the foundation bolts while it is still in a suspended state; if there is any deviation, appropriate measures should be taken. In cases where the error is very small, it can be adjusted into place directly using hemp ropes or with the help of lifting equipment ； In cases where the error is significant, sleepers can be placed on the base; the equipment can first be positioned on these sleepers, and then the equipment can be moved using a pulley system. Once all the foot screws…

The answer above is good; I tested it on-site. If pads are to be used, they must be \"soft\" pads, and such pads must be longer than the length of two bolts.

As per the original poster’s question, \"During the installation of the tower equipment, we found that the levelness of the tray was not proper. What kind of level measurement tool should be used?\" If correction is to be made, can a PTFE rubber gasket be used? In general, is it better to use a full ring of padding or just some? ”The answers from the above-mentioned individuals seem not to meet the requirements; in the case of ordinary towers, all their components are assembled before they leave the factory. What the original poster is asking is how to determine the verticality of the tower during installation. Measure the verticality of the tower; if there is enough space, a theodolite can be used for this purpose ； In the case of a confined space, it is possible to draw vertical lines at 3–4 equally spaced points along the outer diameter of the tower; by measuring the distance from each line to the upper and lower parts of the tower wall, it can be ensured that these lines are vertical ； For the material of the gasket, it is necessary to choose a material with high compressive strength, one that does not undergo any chemical reactions with the material of the tower base, and one with a relatively low coefficient of expansion. It is best to use the same material as the tower base for the gasket. (The above answers are for reference only)

During installation, we generally use horizontal tubes (transparent hoses) to determine the level of the trays; this is the most convenient and fast method, and it yields very good results. A PTFE gasket can be used, but generally it’s better to use a gasket made of the same material as the tray.

We usually use a level, or as they call it, a transparent rubber tube filled with water to measure the levelness of the tray. This method is simple and easy to implement. If the levelness of the tray is very poor, it’s not sufficient to rely on shims alone; instead, it’s necessary to have the manufacturer adjust the support strips along the sides of the tray##

Measure the verticality of the tower; if there is enough space, a theodolite can be used for this purpose； In the case of a confined space, it is possible to draw vertical lines at 3–4 equally spaced points along the outer diameter of the tower; by measuring the distance from each line to the upper and lower parts of the tower wall, it can be ensured that these lines are vertical ； For the material of the gasket, it is necessary to choose a material with high compressive strength, one that does not undergo any chemical reactions with the material of the tower base, and one with a relatively low coefficient of expansion. It can also be measured with a theodolite.