Reaction equations for the interconversion of glyphosate compounds

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I. HCN in the air: When the hydrogen cyanide concentration exceeds 100 ppm, exposure for 1 hour can be life-threatening; when it exceeds 20 ppm, poisoning symptoms occur after just a few hours of exposure. 1. There are various methods for producing hydrogen cyanide; industrially, methane, ammonia, and air are commonly used as raw materials, and the reaction is carried out using platinum or aluminum-rhodium mesh catalysts at temperatures between 800°C and 1000°C. 　　　　　　　　　　2CH4+3O2+2NH3=2HCN+6H2O 2. Light oil cracking method: This involves mixing light diesel with ammonia and carrying out a cracking reaction in an arc furnace; petroleum coke is used as a carrier, while nitrogen is employed to create an airtight environment to prevent oxidation. After hydrogen cyanide is generated, it is absorbed with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium cyanide. The reaction is as follows: C6H14 + 6NH3 = 6HCN + 13H2↑ Hydrogen cyanide can also be produced as a by-product of acrylonitrile manufacturing. Hydrogen cyanide is a raw material for producing cyanides, as well as a by-product in many factories that use cyanides. In addition, small amounts of hydrogen cyanide are present in gas, coal coking furnace gases, blast furnace gases, and blast furnace washing liquids; these are products of the reaction between carbon and ammonia under retorting conditions. Cyanohydric acid is unstable and decomposes even when stored in a refrigerator. HCN + H2O = HCOONH4 = NH3 + HCOOH
II. Hydroxyacetonitrile: HCN + HCHO = HOCH2CN
Side reaction: n RCH2CN [C=N]n
III. Imidodiacetonitrile: 2HOCH2CN + NH3 = NH(CH2CN)2 + H2O
IV. Imidodicarboxylic acid: NH2(CH2CN)2 + 2NaOH + 2H2O = NH(CH2COONa)2 + 2NH3; NH(CH2COONa)2 + 2HCl = NH(CH2COOH)2 + 2NaCl
V. Phosphorous acid: PCl3 + H2O = H3PO3 + HCl
VI. Diglyme: NH(CH2COOH)2 + H3PO3 + HCHO = (HO)2P(O)CH2N(CH2COOH)2 + H2O
VII. Glyphosate: (HO)2P(O)CH2N(CH2COOH)2 + H2O2 = (HO)2P(O)CH2NHCH2COOH + H2O + CO2↑
Conversion relationships among the oxidation products of PMIDA: PMIDA (Diglyme) → C + O2 → PMG → N-Me-PMG → HCHO + HCOOH → C + O2 → AMPA → Water → C + O2 → N-Formyl-PMG