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Operating Procedures for Dryers (I) Preparation before Boiler Cleaning Once all components of the boiler have been installed and inspected to ensure they are in good condition, boiler cleaning can begin. However, the following tasks must be carried out prior to cleaning: 1. The ignition door should open smoothly； 2. The fans and water supply equipment are required to operate properly during testing ； 3. The steam pipelines, water supply pipelines, and waste discharge pipelines are intact and in good condition ； (II) Boiling the furnace: A new furnace must be boiled before it is put into use. This process is intended to remove impurities, oil, and rust from inside the steam generator. During boiling, an appropriate amount of chemical solution is added to the boiler to make the water inside it alkaline. 1. During boiler boiling, an appropriate amount of the medicinal solution should be injected into the boiler tubes from the upper part of the drum under pressure-free conditions; at this time, the boiler water level should be kept at its highest level. 2. Before raising the pressure in the boiler, the main steam valve on the boiler drum should be opened (or another valve), and it can be closed once steam begins to emerge. 3. Once the pressure rises to 0.02 MPA, maintain this pressure for approximately 48 hours; thereafter, stop the combustion process and allow the pressure to drop gradually below 0.01 MPA. Once the water temperature falls below 70 degrees, open the drain valve to release all the water from the furnace. 4. After the boiler has cooled down naturally, rinse the interior of the boiler drum with clean water and conduct an inspection. If oil residue is still present, repeat the boiling process as described above until there is no oil residue on the inner walls of the tubes and pipes, no rust on the metal surfaces, and the pipelines and valves (including the drain valve) are clean and unobstructed. At that point, the boiler can be considered to have been properly boiled. (III) Igniting the fire 1. The boiler should be ignited after installation, maintenance, and boiler cleaning tasks are completed, and all auxiliary machines and related equipment have been properly installed. Adjustments should be made after the trial operation is running normally. Before starting the fire, a thorough inspection of the steam generator is necessary; this includes checking the blind flanges installed on pipes such as the main steam pipe, feed water pipe, and drain pipe, ensuring that all isolation devices have been removed, and confirming that the furnace door can be closed tightly. Only after these checks are completed successfully can water be supplied. Before introducing water, it is essential to close the drain valve and open the safety valve to allow air to escape from the boiler drum. 2. The inlet water temperature should generally not exceed 40 degrees. When the water level in the boiler rises to the lowest mark indicated by the water level gauge, the feed water valve should be closed. After the water level in the boiler stabilizes, check whether it has dropped. 3. When starting the fire, open the ignition door, place kindling such as wood at the front of the grate to initiate combustion, and turn on the ventilator to direct the hot air outside. 4. The heating temperature should not be increased too rapidly, to avoid excessive thermal stress in different parts due to uneven heating, which could affect the lifespan of the steam and hot air furnaces. 5. After starting the heat, keep an eye on the water level in the pot at all times, as it will rise when heating. If it exceeds the maximum level, water should be drained immediately; however, the water level after draining should still remain within the normal range. 6. When the air pressure rises to 0.01 MPa, the pressure gauge elbow and water level should be flushed to determine whether the pipeline is unobstructed. 7. As the steam pressure in the boiler gradually increases, it is necessary to check whether there are any unusual noises from various components of the boiler; if such noises are present, an immediate inspection is required. If necessary, the boiler should be shut down right away for inspection, and operation can resume only after the fault has been resolved. (IV) Steam supply: When the steam pressure inside the boiler approaches the operating pressure, it is time to start supplying steam. Before doing so, the water level in the boiler drum should not exceed the normal level, and the combustion in the furnace must be stable during steam supply. 1. When starting to supply steam, the main steam valve can be slightly opened to allow a small amount of steam to warm the pipes, thereby opening the drain valves along the pipeline and allowing the condensate water to flow out. 2. The heating time should be determined based on the length, diameter of the pipe, and the steam temperature. 3. When heating the pipes, attention should be paid to factors such as pipe expansion and pipe supports; if any problems are detected, heating should be stopped immediately to address the faults and defects. 4. After the drain pipes and condensate drainage are completed, the main steam valve can be slowly opened. Once opened, turn the handle half a turn to prevent the valve stem from getting stuck due to thermal expansion, and the drain valve should also be closed. 5. When supplying steam, it is necessary to monitor for any unusual noises inside, as well as to check whether there is any leakage of water or steam from the valves and instruments. (5) Normal operation: When the boiler is operating normally, it is necessary to ensure that the water level is within normal limits, the steam pressure is stable, the combustion is proper, the boiler room is kept clean, and handover procedures are clear. During operation, close monitoring of mechanical equipment and instruments should be carried out to ensure safety and reliability, prevent accidents, and save energy. Experience should be summarized regularly to continuously improve operational standards. The person in charge of the boiler room should have a good understanding of boiler operations, and no supervisor shall force boiler operators to work in violation of regulations. 1. Pay attention to the water level in the pot; it should be kept within the range of normal level plus 25 millimeters, and must not be higher or lower than the minimum level. The water level in the gauge usually fluctuates slightly. If the water surface remains completely still, there may be a blockage inside the gauge, and it should be flushed immediately. 2. Level gauge: The level gauge should be flushed at least once per shift to keep its glass clean at all times, ensuring that the water level is displayed clearly, accurately, and reliably. If leakage of water or air is detected in the level gauge, the packing should be tightened. If the glass becomes blurry or the reading on the level gauge is unclear, and cleaning does not resolve the issue, the gauge should be replaced. 3. Water supply system: The water supply control system uses an electrode-based level control system. It should be tested and inspected once a week to ensure its sensitivity and reliability; any abnormalities detected must be repaired immediately. The boiler operators must not become dependent on the water level control system and neglect to manually monitor the water level in the steam generator! A water level control system cannot replace the boiler operator’s management of the steam generator. 4. Steam pressure: Pay close attention to pressure changes and strive to maintain stable pressure inside the boiler; it is absolutely not allowed for the steam pressure to exceed the maximum allowable operating pressure. 5. Pressure gauge: The elbow of the pressure gauge should be flushed once per shift, and it is necessary to check whether the gauge is functioning properly. If any damage is detected, the furnace should be stopped immediately for repair or replacement. To ensure the accuracy of the pressure gauge, it should be calibrated once a year; if there are significant errors in the readings, it needs to be repaired or replaced. 6. Safety valve: Check whether the safety valve operates properly. To prevent the safety valve from sticking to the valve body and the intake pipe seat, it is necessary to pull the safety valve body regularly to conduct exhaust tests (take precautions to avoid burns during these tests). Generally, an exhaust test should be carried out every 2–4 weeks to verify its proper functioning. (VI) Dehumidification: Dehumidification should be carried out slowly, following the principle of adding a small amount of moisture at a time and gradually increasing the amount. It is necessary to determine the timing and frequency of dehumidification by monitoring the temperature difference shown on the dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometers outside the drying chamber. During dehumidification, the upper return air valve should be closed, while the air intake valve on the furnace should be opened to supply additional air. The dehumidification fan should then be started, and the valve controlling the airflow outward should be adjusted to facilitate dehumidification. It is best to use one dehumidification unit for two chambers; if there are roof-mounted drainage pipes, those can also be used for dehumidification, but both methods cannot be used simultaneously. At this point, it is important to monitor the drop in temperature inside the drying chamber. When the difference between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures drops by 3–5 degrees, dehumidification should be stopped. The dehumidification valve should be closed, the upper return air valve opened, the air intake valve closed, and the dehumidification fan turned off. This allows the temperature inside the furnace to rise gradually, and after maintaining a constant temperature for a while, dehumidification can be carried out again. This process should be repeated several times, gradually increasing the amount of moisture removed and widening the gap between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures, until the temperature inside the drying chamber reaches the desired level of dryness, after which the final processing stage can begin. (7) Post-treatment: During the final drying stage, a balancing treatment should be carried out by spraying a small amount of steam into the drying chamber again and maintaining that temperature for a certain period of time to eliminate stress. After this treatment, the temperature in the drying chamber is adjusted to the target value; then the temperature is lowered gradually, and the products can be taken out of the chamber only when the temperature has dropped to around 40 degrees.

Operating Procedures for QG-100 Air Flow Dryer (I) – Startup Procedure: Heating and starting the machine may be carried out only after all transmission equipment rotates smoothly and normally, all positions are ready, and there are no safety issues. (1) First, start the induced draft fan to open the butterfly valve to the desired setting, ensuring the gas flow rate. (2) Start the air compressor and control it to supply multi-path compressed air under the designed pressure and process conditions. (3) Activate the backwashing system of the bag pulse controller and adjust the backwashing frequency to maintain the gas inlet pressure within the range of 0.5–0.6 Mpa. (4) Feed the wet material into the feed hopper, then start the screw feeder. (5) Open the steam valve to introduce steam for heating, thereby gradually raising the temperature at the air inlet of the dryer. When the temperature at the air outlet of the dryer exceeds 110°C, start the screw conveyor motor and adjust the feeding speed to maintain a stable outlet temperature around 60°C. Once the inlet temperature reaches 180–200°C, adjust the speed of the feed motor again to ensure that the inlet and outlet temperatures of the dryer operate within the specified temperature parameters. (6) Observe whether the various devices (and other components) in the system are operating properly. (7) After sampling and testing confirm that the quality of the dry powder material is satisfactory, it is packaged and stored in inventory. (II) Shutdown Procedure (1) First, stop feeding the screw feeder. (2) Continue to blow dry the remaining material in the dryer and carry it out of the machine; after half an hour, turn off the steam and stop steam heating. Thereafter, stop the induced draft fan from drawing air. (3) Stop the air compressor and shut down the reverse blowing system of the bag filter. (4) Stop instrument control. (III) Possible abnormalities and their elimination: In the drying process, the main parameters to be controlled are the air flow rate inside the dryer, the temperatures at the air inlet and outlet, and the amount of material fed in. Among them, the feeding amount is adjusted as a dependent variable. 1. When the gas inlet temperature remains constant and all other conditions are normal, if the gas outlet temperature is high, gradually increase the speed of the feeder in order to raise the feed rate, thereby reducing the gas outlet temperature to the desired level ； Conversely, when the gas outlet temperature is low, it affects the moisture content of the dried product; in such cases, the speed of the screw feeder is reduced to decrease the feed rate, thereby raising the gas outlet temperature to the desired level. 2. When the gas inlet temperature of the dryer is high and the negative pressure inside the drying tower is low, it is necessary to reduce the feeding rate; once the negative pressure inside the tower returns to a stable level, the feeding rate can be adjusted again to ensure that the outlet temperature remains at the designed value. 3. When there is an imbalance in system pressure, check for leaks or blockages in the system, as well as any blockages in the pressure measuring tubes. 4. When powder emerges from the gas outlet of the bag filter, check whether the bags have come loose or been damaged, and replace or repair them promptly. 5. In the event of a sudden long-term power outage, the dryer should be cleaned to prevent the wet material inside from drying out and hardening, which could block the gaps in the dryer and affect product quality when it is restarted. 6. If the system pressure suddenly increases and cannot be reduced, the power supply must be cut off immediately, and the operators should leave the operation area promptly to avoid injury in the event of an explosion. 7. If the explosion vent valve suddenly opens during operation, it is necessary to evacuate personnel immediately, shut down the induced draft fan first, and then shut down the feeder. (IV) Five strict requirements for operators 1. Strict shift handover: Personnel in each position must carry out the handover on time and thoroughly, ensuring five aspects of transfer: (1) Transfer of production process parameters, product quality, and output volume ； (2) Operation and usage status of electrical and mechanical equipment, instruments, and meters ； (3) Unsafe factors and preventive measures taken ； (4) The original records submitted must be complete ； (5) Deliver instructions and precautions from higher authorities. 2. Strict routine inspections: (1) Check process parameters such as pressure, temperature, material input, product quality, and output ； (2) Check whether the equipment is operating properly and whether the lubrication is in good condition ； (3) Strictly control process parameters. Process parameters for chemical unit operations: Process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and gas flow rate have optimal values. Once it has been determined, it must be strictly kept within the specified limits to ensure normal operation. 3. Strict labor discipline. 4. Strictly follow relevant safety regulations, such as those regarding fire prevention and poison prevention. ； These are the general operating procedures; the specifics depend on the equipment configuration.