Refining Knowledge Training

I recommend a book titled \"Petroleum Refining Engineering\"; it’s available on forums, and you can search for it. It’s an excellent book that provides an introduction to the basic knowledge of oil refining

Here is a plan I’ve prepared; I hope it will be useful to you. 1. Accident handling training: 1. Plant power outages, steam, air, and water treatment. 1.1 Power outage accidents: Team leader: 1. Immediately determine whether there has been a power outage. 2. After confirmation, promptly initiate the shutdown of the feed supply, as well as the main fan and air compressor, to enable self-protection. 3. Quickly direct the team members to handle the accident. Reaction position: Operation 1: 1. Quickly open the large and small valves at the inlet of the air compressor used for venting (PIC601 and PIC201C) to release pressure. 2. Adjust the double-acting slide valve to allow for a steady pressure release, while closing the flue gas disc valve. 3. Close the regeneration slide valve. 4. Open the pre-lift steam control valve fully. 5. Close the external heat removal fluidization air and lift air control valves to disconnect external heat removal. 6. Close the sleeve air control valve. 7. Close the feed control valves for crude oil, reprocessed oil, and terminator. 8. Close the feedwater control valves of the steam generators in each steam generation system to maintain a certain liquid level. 9. Adjust the raw catalyst plug valve as appropriate to transfer the catalyst to the regenerator for bed packing. Operation 2: 1. Quickly close the primary and secondary air valves to prevent catalyst backflow. 2. Check whether each pressure relief valve operates. 3. Close the two valves for the feed oil and reprocessed oil nozzles, and simultaneously turn on the pre-heating lines for the feed oil and reprocessed oil. 4. Close the wall valve of the terminator nozzle. 5. Turn off the oil pump start buttons for each special valve electro-hydraulic cabinet. Three operations: 1. Close the wall valves for the external heat extraction fluidization air and the lift air. 2. Open the pre-heating line return valves for crude oil and reprocessed oil. 3. Close the wall valve of the sleeve blower. 4. Close the outlet valve of the feed water pump, and also turn off the start button of the pump. 5. Close the valve downstream of the dry gas removal tank control valve and the valve at the flame arrester. 6. Shut off the passivator pump, the outlet valve of the deoxygenated water dosing pump, and the wall valve, and also turn off their start buttons. Fractionation post: Operator 1: 1. Close the stripping steam control valve. 2. Close the flow control valves for top circulation, middle section, re-refining oil, and oil slurry inlet and outlet to the tower. 3. Close the crude gasoline destabilization control valve ； Close the diesel outlet unit control valve. 4. Close the V-3202 level control valve. 5. Once the indoor adjustments are complete, go out immediately to assist with the second set of exercises.

Operation 2: 1. Close the outlet valves of the associated pumps, and also turn off the start buttons for each pump. 2. Close the outlet valves and wall valves of the scale inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor pumps, and also turn off the start buttons for each pump. 3. Close the wall valves for the stripping steam and the bottom agitation steam. 4. Close the dehydration valve of V-3202. 5. Turn off the start button for the associated air cooler. Stable operating conditions: Operation 1: 1. Immediately close the regulating valve of the dry gas outlet unit to maintain stable system pressure. 2. Close the regulator valves for the stable gasoline outlet unit and the liquefied gas outlet unit, as well as the regulator valve for the refined gasoline outlet unit, in order to maintain the liquid levels in each tank. 3. Close the heat source control valve in the middle section of the E-3309 reboiler to prevent a large amount of liquid in T-304 from vaporizing. 4. Close the regulating valve for the lean absorption oil feeding to T-303, as well as the pressure oil regulating valves for T-303 and S-302. 5. Close the V-3302 dehydration control valve, the V-3709 washing water inlet control valve, and the V-3709 dehydration control valve. 6. Close the exhaust gas release control valves for V-3702 and V-3710. 7. Cut off the air lines FIC709 and FIC704. Operation 2: 1. Close the outlet valve of the pump that is used for stabilization. 2. Close the outlet valves and wall valves of the corrosion inhibitor and activator pumps. 3. Remove the refining system and the stabilization system. 4. Close the dehydration valves of V-3302 and V-3709, and simultaneously close the water inlet valve of V-3709. 5. Close the valves for the two air lines in the refining section. 1.2 Steam shutdown incident: Reaction unit – When a fault occurs in the boiler room, the steam pressure throughout the plant drops. 1. When the medium-pressure steam pressure falls below 0.25 MPa, the reaction unit should reduce the flow of steam passing through the temperature reduction regulator in order to maintain the medium pressure. 2. When it drops below 0.25 MPa, the compressor is shut down; the reaction volume is reduced, and the reaction pressure is controlled using a flare valve. 3. If medium-pressure steam cannot be restored in a short time, the reaction should be shut down and the bed should be covered. 4. When low-pressure steam pressure drops, increase the amount of steam sent out, depending on the medium-pressure conditions, in order to maintain the pressure in the pipeline network ； If it cannot be maintained, when it drops below 0.3 MPa, perform a cutting operation and close all steam vessel wall valves at the same time. 5. If a plant-wide steam outage cannot be resolved in a short time, shut down the operation and remove the catalyst from the reactor. Fractionation position: 1. Make all necessary adjustments in line with those made at the reaction position in order to maintain product quality. 2. When the steam pressure drops below 0.2 MPa, turn off the stirring steam at the bottom of the tower and the stripping steam in the stripping tower. 3. In winter, if steam supply is suspended for an extended period, the heavy oil line should be flushed out with washing oil. Stable positions: 1. Adjustments will be made accordingly to the reaction and distillation positions. During winter, if steam supply is suspended for an extended period, the steam lines in all areas (especially the horizontal pipes) should be opened to drain water and prevent the pipes from freezing. 1.3 Wind shutdown accident:

Reaction position: 1. When either the non-purified air or the purified air supply decreases, the connection valves between the two air tanks can be opened to compensate and maintain the supply. 2. When both the unfiltered air flow and the filtered air flow decrease simultaneously, and the pressure is very low, it is possible to promptly open the valve connecting the pressurized air to the unfiltered air, as well as the valve connecting the unfiltered air to the filtered air. At the same time, the inlet valves for both unfiltered air and filtered air should be closed in order to maintain the desired conditions ； If the pressure is not sufficient, another booster can be started to increase the pressure, while simultaneously reducing the reaction volume. 3. When the pressure of the cleaning air is below 0.15 MPa, the positioners of the various control valves fail to function, the instrument signals return to zero, all air-open valves close completely while all air-close valves open completely. In such a situation, it is necessary to stop the material flow; when doing so, the upstream and downstream valves (air-close valves) or the double-line valves (air-open valves) should be used for control, depending on the circumstances. Fractionation position: 1. Implement corresponding controls based on the conditions at the reaction position. 2. When the purge air pressure is below 0.15 MPa, use upstream and downstream valves (air shut-off valves) or double-line valves (air on-valves) to control each valve. Stable positions: 1. Implement corresponding controls based on the conditions in the reaction and distillation units. 2. Close the valves downstream of FI709 and FI704 to prevent cross-connection. 3. When the pressure of the purification air is below 0.15 MPa, use upstream and downstream valves (air shut-off valves) or double-line valves (air open valves) to control each valve. 1.4 Water supply outage incidents: 1.4.1 Circulating water shutdown: When the circulating water system of the secondary catalysis unit is operating normally, two circulating water pumps must be turned on to ensure an adequate supply of water for the unit, with the circulating water pressure remaining above 0.5 MPa. If one of the circulation water pumps stops operating or the circulation water pressure falls below 0.5 MPa, it will cause the temperature of the lubricating oil in the unit to rise, as well as the temperatures of all the cooling systems (under normal conditions, the lubricating oil temperature should not exceed 42°C, the temperature at the inlet of the compressor’s second stage is around 45°C, and the exit temperature is around 90°C). During normal operation, enhance monitoring of the lubricating oil temperature of each unit in the three-unit setup, as well as the inlet and outlet temperatures at the second stage of the compressor. 1. Three machines and one operator: If a significant increase in temperature is detected, the team leader should be notified immediately ； At the same time, send Person 2 to the air compressor site immediately for inspection and handling. 1.1 Three machines and one operator: The inlet valve of the lubricating oil cooler’s circulating water should be adjusted in a timely manner to keep the lubricating oil temperature of the main engine and the air compressor at ≤42°C. 2. Three machines with two operators: Immediately go to the air compressor intercooler and open the return water vent valve to check whether there is an air blockage in the intercooler; if there is an air blockage, the vent valve should be opened wider immediately to release the air. 3. Team leader: Immediately inform the dispatch center of the situation, and notify the electricians and water plant operators to rush to the scene right away, while also informing the on-duty supervisor. 3.1 Immediately send the second response team to the water site for inspection. 4. The operator in charge of Reaction 2 should immediately go to the secondary water circulation station with a walkie-talkie, and work together with the operators there to check the operation of the two circulating water pumps. If one of the pumps trips, the outlet of that pump should be shut off on the spot, and the control room should be informed promptly using the walkie-talkie; at the same time, one position of the connection valve between Pump A/B and the secondary circulation water system should be opened. 5. Upon receiving the report, the team leader should immediately inform both Party A and Party B to use some of the recycled water. 5.1 The shift leader shall immediately coordinate the water consumption for circulating water at various stations. 6. Distillation Operation 1: Immediately assign Operation 2 to activate air cooling in order to reduce the amount of water used for circulation. At 6.1 points, the operator responsible for distillation immediately activates the overhead coolers E-3201/A-D in the distillation tower to control the cooling temperature and reduce it as much as possible. At the same time, the water inlet valve for E-3202 is closed to minimize the amount of circulating water used, thereby ensuring an adequate supply of circulating water for the unit. 7. Stabilization procedure: Immediately assign the second operator to activate air cooling in order to reduce the amount of water used for circulation. 7.1 For stable operation, immediately close the water valve of the liquefied gas cooler E-3304 to ensure the use of circulating water in the air compressor cooler, and activate the air-cooled liquefied gas cooler E-3308 to control the temperature after cooling and maintain proper operation of the stabilizer. 8. The three-machine-one-control system strictly controls the secondary inlet temperature of the air compressor to be no higher than 70°C and the secondary outlet temperature to be no higher than 120°C, allowing the system pressure to be reduced to below 0.5 MPa and ensuring the normal operation of the air compressor. 9. During the accident handling process, the team leader must provide unified coordination and proper guidance, as well as carefully oversee the operations at each post to ensure safe production. 1.4.2 Stop fresh water supply: 1. Circulating water can be used to maintain operations for a short period of time. 2. When it cannot be maintained for a long time, perform cutting treatment. 3. For the stable position, stop P-3209 and close the inlet and outlet valves for the water washing of V-3709 and V-3302. 1.4.3 Shutting down deoxygenated water: 1. The condensate flow can be increased to make up for it. 2. The E-310 stable gasoline route is being diverted to a bypass line. 3. If the supply of condensate water is insufficient or is interrupted, the slurry steam generator can be shut down as appropriate; the water supply valve for that steam generator should be closed. Depending on the situation, the flue gas can be directed through an alternate route to shut down the remaining boiler, with its water supply valve also being closed ； Meanwhile, contact the boiler room to increase the medium pressure ； If the water volume is still insufficient, the heat absorbed from the outside can be reduced or removed, while the reaction temperature and rate are lowered to maintain the bed temperature. 2. Air compressor shutdown accident: If abnormal phenomena occur in the unit’s air compressor, an automatic shutdown mechanism should be activated immediately ； Reduce the temperature and volume at the reaction site; control the reaction pressure using a flare valve ； Make corresponding adjustments to the distillation position ； Maintain stable operation by cycling to keep the liquid levels in each tower and tank at appropriate levels. 3. Smoke extractor malfunction – First scenario: Switching between the main smoke extractor and the backup one. 1. Start the centrifugal fan according to the normal startup procedure: open the exhaust electric valve fully, close the outlet electric valve, and close the outlet damping valve. 2. Reduce the opening degree of the inlet butterfly valve of the exhaust fan. 3. Adjust the main air flow of the standby unit to be slightly higher than that of the flue gas fan. 4. After the centrifugal fan is operating normally, slowly close the outlet vent valve to build up pressure, ensuring that it is slightly higher than the pressure at the outlet of the flue gas fan; only then can the two fans be switched over. 5. Open the damping valve at the centrifugal fan outlet and fully open the outlet valve of the centrifuge; at this point, grid connection begins. It is required that the export flow rate remain essentially constant during grid connection. On one hand, the bleed valve of the centrifugal fan is gradually closed, while on the other hand, the anti-surge valve of the flue gas fan is gradually opened until it is fully open, and the bleed valve of the centrifugal fan is fully closed (or nearly fully closed). Afterwards, the electric butterfly valve and the outlet check valve of the flue gas fan are completely closed. Second scenario: emergency shutdown. Class leader: 1. Immediately verify whether it is a true value. 2. After confirmation, promptly initiate the shutdown of the feed supply, as well as the main fan and air compressor, to enable self-protection. 3. Quickly direct the team members to handle the accident. Reaction position: Operation 1: 1. Quickly open the large and small valves at the inlet of the air compressor used for venting (PIC601 and PIC201C) to release pressure. 2. Adjust the double-acting slide valve to allow for a steady pressure release, while closing the flue gas disc valve. 3. Close the regeneration slide valve. 4. Open the pre-lift steam control valve fully. 5. Close the external heat removal fluidization air and lift air control valves to disconnect external heat removal. 6. Close the sleeve air control valve. 7. Close the feed control valves for crude oil, reprocessed oil, and terminator. 8. Pay attention to the drum feedwater control valves in each steam generation system to maintain a certain liquid level. 9. Adjust the raw catalyst plug valve as appropriate to transfer the catalyst to the regenerator for bed packing. Operation 2: 1. Quickly close the primary and secondary air valves to prevent catalyst backflow. 2. Check whether each pressure relief valve operates. 3. Close the two valves for the feed oil and reprocessed oil nozzles, and simultaneously turn on the pre-heating lines for the feed oil and reprocessed oil. 4. Close the wall valve of the terminator nozzle. Three operations: 1. Close the wall valves for the external heat extraction fluidization air and the lift air. 2. Open the pre-heating line return valves for crude oil and reprocessed oil. 3. Close the wall valve of the sleeve blower. . 4. Shut off the passivation agent pump, the outlet valve of the deoxygenated water dosing pump, and the wall valve, while also turning off their start buttons. Fractionation station: Establish a three-way circulation. Stable positions: Establish a three-tower cycle. Stop the supply of stabilized gasoline to the refining process. Ensure the normal refining of gasoline upon request. Crew positions: Operator 1: 1. Quickly open the pressure regulator outlet flare to relieve pressure promptly. 2. Close the valve of the pressure compressor’s inlet stabilization system. 3. Verify whether each safety valve is in the open or closed position (differential pressure valve at the smoke extractor inlet, anti-surge valve, check valve). Operation 2: 1. Check whether each safety valve is in the open or closed position. 2. Make timely preparations for starting the standby machine and the air compressor. 4. Booster failure: On-site situation: When a malfunction occurs in the booster and a backup unit is used instead, the backup unit fails to start. Emergency response: 1. The team leader should first inform the catalysis supervisor and the control room to explain the situation. 2. Contact the mechanical, electrical, and instrumentation teams to carry out emergency repairs on the equipment immediately. 3. Turn off the fluidization air, increase the main air supply and the sleeve air control valve; this will result in a reduction in the processing capacity. Initially, prioritize maintaining the operation of the air compressor. 4. Notify the control room to increase the pressure of medium-pressure steam to ensure the operation of the compressor, as well as to increase the supply of unpurified air. 5. Fractionate during the reduction process, making corresponding adjustments steadily. 6. Close the valves downstream of the sleeve air valve assembly, and open the non-purified air and sleeve air valves on-site to ensure normal circulation of the Cat system; the air volume can be determined by referring to the indoor sleeve density. 7. Close the disc valve at the outlet of the booster pump and fully close the anti-surge valve; at the same time, open the valves for unpurified air and pressurized air. Communicate with the indoor team to prevent too low air pressure in the pipeline system, and also have the operator turn off the small-scale feeding and backwashing systems, as well as the air delivery and pressurization systems, in order to save as much air volume as possible. 8. If such an adjustment is made and the bed temperature still cannot be controlled, the air compressor can be shut down urgently; a flare can be used at the compressor inlet to control the differential pressure, thereby further reducing the processing volume significantly. 9. Rotate the stable positions and make corresponding adjustments to distillation to prevent quality incidents. 10. After the booster is repaired, carry out the corresponding restoration. 5. DCS System Fault Handling I. Purpose: To ensure that in the event of a serious failure in the DCS system, emergency responses can be organized promptly and effectively, so as to control the progression of the situation, protect lives and property, restore production quickly, and minimize the losses caused by the accident. This plan is formulated for such purposes. II. Principles 1. Each position shall promptly activate the device’s self-protection system. 2. Control the development of the accident and ensure the safety of the equipment and operators. 3. Ensure the device operates smoothly, quickly, and shuts down safely. 4. Safety first, rapid response, unified command, and coordinated efforts. III. Steps
Class leader: 1. Quickly activate the feed auto-protection system. 2. Activate the air compressor shutdown auto-protection system. 3. Activate the cut-off valve auto-protection system. 4. Activate the main fan and booster pump shutdown auto-protection systems.
Operators of the three machines: 1. After activating the air compressor shutdown auto-protection system, quickly open the exhaust flare valve on the air compressor outlet, as well as the inlet flare valve (large valve) on the air compressor ； Close the pressure compressor outlet stabilizing valve. Check the lubricating oil pressure at the site ； Check whether the quick-shut valve is closed (if not, the machine can be stopped manually on site). Check the liquid levels in the condensate oil tanks at the inlet and outlet of the air compressor. 2. Check the lubricating oil pressure at the main fan site ； Check whether the anti-surge valve is fully open and whether the one-way damping valve is closed ； Close the electric butterfly valve at the main fan outlet. 3. Check the lubricating oil pressure at the booster unit site, and activate the lubricating oil pump promptly ； Check whether the anti-surge valve is fully open. Reaction position: 1. Quickly close the primary and secondary air valves ； Sleeve blower wall valve ； External heat fluidization air, lift air device wall valve. Check whether the regeneration slide valve and the standby plug valve are closed (manual operation or hydraulic operation on-site can be used). 2. The shift leader promptly went to the site to check whether the feed self-protection and pre-lift steam valves were fully open.

3. Close the wall valves of the feed oil and re-refining oil nozzles and divert to the pre-heating line. Fractionation station: 1. At the time of material cutting, the fractionation station stops the feed oil pump and the re-refined oil pump, and closes the crude gasoline valve assembly as well as the terminator valve ； Turn off the crude oil pump in the tank area. 2. Then stop the slurry feed, middle section flow, top circulation, crude gasoline, and oil pump flushing. Stable positions: 1. Stop all pumps at the stable positions. The on-site control valves of the gasoline refining system were changed to dual-line control to maintain stable operation. Monitor the on-site pressure of the stable system; if the pressure is too high, on-site pressure relief can be carried out. 6. Handling of accidents such as leaks and fires 6.1 Handling of leak accidents 6.1.1 Leak in the oil vapor line of the settler A. Minor leak with smoke emission: a. Reduce the reaction pressure and flow rate, and lower the liquid level at the bottom of the tower through distillation. b. Immediately report to the workshop and relevant departments to organize emergency repairs. B. Large amounts of oil vapor escape and a fire breaks out: a. Immediately activate the feed auto-protection system, shut down the feed nozzles, and increase the supply of emergency steam. If necessary, the catalyst is transferred to the regenerator for single-vessel fluidization. b. Fractionate and quickly discharge the slurry (make sure the discharge temperature is not too high). c. Call the fire department (119) and assist the firefighters in extinguishing the fire. d. Report to the scheduling department, workshop management, and relevant departments to mobilize resources for emergency repairs. e. Air compressor cutoff system. f. Stabilize the corresponding adjustments to maintain various liquid levels and pressures. g. In severe cases, the entire installation comes to a stop. 6.1.2 The oil and gas line at the sub-peak breaks, causing oil and gas to leak out. A. Minor leakage: a. Reduce the reaction rate or cut off the feed to lower the reaction pressure. b. Report to the workshop and dispatch team, and organize personnel to carry out emergency repairs immediately. B. Massive leakage: a. Isolate the feed material to the reactor and close the feed nozzle to reduce pressure. b. Drain the oil slurry from the fractional distillation unit to remove the oil at the bottom of the tower as well as in the side lines, and increase the steam supply to the bottom of the tower. c. Stop all refluxes in the fractionation tower, and send the gasoline out directly. d. Try to close all extraction side lines. e. In the event of a fire, call the fire department first and assist them in extinguishing the fire. f. Make corresponding adjustments for other positions. g. If recovery is not possible in a short time, treat it as a shutdown. 6.1.3 Split in the side line of the distillation tower, with large amounts of oil and gas escaping: a. Close the upstream and downstream valves of the line where the split occurred. b. Report to the dispatching department and relevant authorities to mobilize forces for emergency repairs. 6.1.4 Leakage in the pipeline of the stable system, with large amounts of oil and gas escaping: a. Immediately report the situation to the workshop and the dispatch team. b. Those performing hot work in the plant area must extinguish the fire promptly. c. Assign a dedicated person to guard the nearby intersection to prevent motor vehicles from approaching. d. Close the upstream and downstream valves at the leak site; if they cannot be closed, isolate the absorption and stabilization system to relieve pressure. e. Carry out emergency repairs after shutting down the absorption stabilization system. f. Resume work according to the start-up procedures after repair. 6.1.5 Cold oil pump area, oil and vapor leakage: a. Immediately shut down the inlet and outlet valves of the faulty pump (work while wearing an air respirator) to cut off the source of the leakage. b. Use fire steam to disperse the accumulated oil vapor. c. In severe cases, traffic controls should be established to prevent motor vehicles from approaching. d. Once the oil and gas in the pump area have dissipated and instrument tests confirm that the concentration of flammable gases in the pump room is within acceptable limits, start the backup pump. e. Notify the workshop and fitters promptly to handle the faulty pump, and keep it in reserve after repair. 6.1.6 Leakage in the external heat extraction tube bundle: When there is a leakage in the external heat extraction tube bundle, it can cause problems with the catalyst and sludge inside the heat exchanger, leading to poor fluidization due to bridge formation. In severe cases, the temperature of the regenerator drops significantly, and pressure experiences sharp fluctuations. If not addressed promptly, this can result in catalyst backflow, plant shutdown, and explosions caused by the mixing of oil and gas. a. The regeneration temperature and pressure experience significant fluctuations; the external heat extraction circulation is not smooth, and a large amount of steam is discharged from the chimney. Once it is confirmed that there is a leak in the external heat extraction tube bundle, the external heat extraction valve must be closed immediately and locked in place by hand, so as to isolate the heat exchanger from the system. b. Isolate the water supply and steam to the drum, increase the drain flow to empty the liquid level in the drum, and stop the water pump. c. Drain water at the loose point of the external heat extraction cone and at the lower loose point until dry catalyst is visible. d. When the regenerator temperature is low, burn oil should be injected promptly; in case of pressure fluctuations, the double-acting slide valve should be switched to manual control. e. Report to the workshop and dispatch team, contact the relevant personnel, and develop a plan for prompt repair. 6.2 Handling of Major Fire and Explosion Incidents 6.2.1 Fires in the Hot Oil Pump Area Fires in the hot oil pump area are generally caused by seal leaks in the pumps, damaged gaskets on the outlet flanges, or spontaneous combustion resulting from high-temperature oil vapor mixing with air. Call the fire department and inform the workshop duty personnel and the dispatcher. b Immediately close the valve to stop the flow of oil and prevent the fire from spreading. c Use the fire extinguishing equipment on site to put out the fire, move flammable materials away, and shut down the pump involved in the accident. d Open the steam line and isolate the fire source. e Seal the sewer to prevent the dirty oil in it from catching fire. Upon arrival, the fire brigade explained the situation and assisted in putting out the fire. After extinguishing the fire, clean the site; once everything is checked and in order, start the backup pump and contact the relevant parties to handle the faulty pump. 6.2.2 Fire breaks out from the manhole at the lower part of the distillation tower 1> Team leader’s duties: a. Immediately call the fire department to arrive and extinguish the fire. b. Immediately organize personnel in various positions to handle the accident. c. Inform the workshop supervisors and technical staff to go to the site to direct the handling of the accident, notify the dispatch team, and coordinate the relevant equipment. d. Organize personnel to use the on-site fire-fighting equipment to extinguish the fire; once the fire brigade arrives, assist them in putting out the fire. e. Organize on-site rescue. 2> Reaction system: a. Immediately activate the feed self-protection system, and shut down the feed nozzle as well as the water injection in the lift pipe. b. Cut off the residue feed to the atmospheric pressure unit, and stop the wax oil pump. c. Increase the accident steam flow to reduce the pressure in both vessels. d. The catalyst in the settler is gradually transferred to the regenerator for single-vessel fluidization; the single-acting slide valve is closed and secured manually. Appropriately reduce the main air volume; when the temperature drops, burning fuel oil can be used to maintain it. e. Close the external heat extraction valve to stop heat extraction. f. A positive differential pressure must be maintained throughout the entire processing process. 3> Fractionation system: a. Contact the dispatch team to urgently activate the external discharge of slurry, in order to drain the liquid level at the bottom of the tower as quickly as possible. (Note: The temperature of the discharged fluid must not be too high to prevent secondary accidents.) b. Stop all the reflux pumps in the fractionation tower, and close the valves for reflux extraction and return as quickly as possible. c. The crude steam and diesel oil go through the waste oil stream and are directly discharged from the plant. d. Under the cover of firefighters, try to increase the steam supply at the bottom of the tower. 4>Stable system: a. After the compressor is removed, try to maintain the pressure in each tower. b. After the crude vapor exits the unit directly, maintain the liquid levels in each tower and disconnect the connection lines to the distillation unit. c. Assist in the fractional treatment of accidents. 5> Three-machine system: a. After the feed to the reactor is stopped, the compressor is disconnected from the system, and the valve that sends oil from the compressor to the gasoline tank is closed. b. The main fan should reduce its air volume appropriately according to the reaction requirements. c. Ensure there are sufficient personnel on the crew to take over duties, with the rest helping to handle the accident, assist with on-site rescue, and extinguish the fire. II. Training in QHSE 1. QHSE system and related topics 1.1.1 What are the three English words that QHSE is an abbreviation for? Answer ； QHSE is the abbreviation for Quality, health, safety, and environment in English, that is, quality, health, safety, and the environment. 1.1.2 What is health (H)? Answer: Health refers to the absence of physical diseases in a person, along with a sound mental state. 1.1.3 What is safety (S)? Answer: Safety refers to the efforts made during the labor production process to improve working conditions and eliminate hazardous factors, so that labor production can proceed smoothly while ensuring the health of workers, protecting corporate property from damage, and safeguarding people’s lives. Safe production is the fundamental guarantee for all business activities of an enterprise. 1.1.4 What is the environment (E)? Answer: It refers to the sum of various natural forces or influences that are closely related to humans and affect their living conditions and production activities. It includes not only combinations of various natural factors, but also combinations of the ecological relationships that arise between humans and these natural factors. 1.1.5 What operating model is used to establish the HSE management system? Answer: The Safety, Environment, and Health Management System (referred to as the HSE system) is established based on the PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACTION operating model, that is, the PDCA cycle. 1.1.6 What aspects should be considered when identifying environmental factors? Answer: Water, air, noise, soil, resources, energy, the community, and relevant parties. 1.1.7 From which aspects should we look for causes to identify hazard factors? Human unsafe behaviors ； Unsafe condition of the object ； Harmful working environment ； Deficiencies in management. 1.1.8 What are the three states to be considered when conducting a hazard assessment? Answer: The three states are: normal, abnormal, and emergency. 1.1.9 What are the three tenses to be considered when conducting a hazard assessment? Answer: The three tenses are: past, present, and future. 1.2.0 What are the methods for identifying and evaluating environmental factors? Identification methods: input-output balance method, life cycle method, etc. Evaluation methods: yes/no judgment method, scoring method. 1.2.1 What are the methods for identifying and evaluating hazard factors? Identification methods: JHA Job Hazard Analysis Method, SCL Safety Checklist Method. Evaluation methods: Yes/No judgment method, LS matrix method. 1.2.2 What does HSE controlled documentation include? Answer: Management documents include the management manual, procedure documents, and level-3 documents. 1.2.3 What does tier 3 documentation include? Answer: Tier 3 documentation includes work instructions, operation documents, HSE plans, regulations, and standards. 1.2.4 What do the two documents and one form refer to in the HSE management system? Answer: HSE plans, HSE work instructions, HSE checklists. 1.2.5 What are the different levels of audit for the HSE management system? Answer: The audit of the company’s HSE management system is carried out at the following levels: a) Internal audits ； b) Dual review ； b) Third-party audit. 1.2.6 What is an HSE management system review? Answer: A review is a formal assessment conducted by senior management on the suitability of the safety, environment, and health management system as well as its implementation. 1.2.7 How does the HSE management system define an accident? Answer: An accident is an incident that results in death, occupational diseases, injuries, property damage, or environmental damage. 1.2.8 What is a hazard? Answer: A hazard is a source or condition that may cause injury to people, occupational diseases, property damage, or environmental degradation. 1.2.9 What is risk? Answer: Risk is the likelihood of a specific hazard occurring, as well as the severity of the consequences of that event. 1.3.0 Who is the primary person responsible for HSE in an enterprise? Answer: The top management of the enterprise is the primary person responsible for HSE. 1.3.1 What are the elements of the training provided to construction workers before they start working? Answer: a) The main hazards at the work site and the objects being worked on, as well as the safety precautions to be observed ； b) HSE regulations to be followed during operations; c) Areas prone to leakage, spills, fires, explosions, and poisoning, along with preventive measures ； d) Location and usage methods of fire alarm systems and protection/ rescue facilities in the production facility ； e) Methods for emergency response after an accident occurs. 1.3.2 How often are internal audits conducted? Answer: Generally, an internal audit is carried out at least once a year; the frequency can be increased as necessary. 1.3.3 What are the standard requirements for the QHSE management system established by the company? Answer: 1) Requirements for Quality Management Systems – QMS – ISO9001:2000; 2) Requirements and Guidelines for Environmental Management Systems – EMS – ISO14001:2004; 3) Specifications for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems – OHS – OHS18001:2001. 2. Basic knowledge of safety: 2.1.1 Routes of toxic substance entry into the body. Toxic substances can enter the body through the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and skin. In industrial production, they mainly enter the body through the respiratory tract and skin, though entry through the digestive tract is less common. 1. The respiratory tract is the most important route through which toxic substances from industrial production enter the body. Toxins present in the form of gases, vapors, mists, fumes, or dust can enter the body through the respiratory tract. Once the toxin enters the dirty area, it quickly passes through the walls of those cells into the bloodstream and is distributed throughout the body; the higher the concentration, the faster the absorption. 2. Skin: In industrial production, poisoning caused by the absorption of toxins through the skin is also quite common. After being absorbed through the epidermis, lipid-soluble toxins also need to be water-soluble in order to spread and be absorbed further; therefore, substances soluble in both water and lipids (such as aniline) are easily absorbed by the skin. 3. Digestive tract

Toxins are absorbed through the digestive tract, mostly when toxins on the hands enter the digestive tract via eating, drinking, or smoking. 2.1.2 Concepts of flash ignition, smoldering, deflagration, and spontaneous combustion: Flash ignition: The combustion phenomenon in which sufficient flammable vapor is generated on the surface of a liquid (solid), resulting in a flame that appears briefly before going out when exposed to fire, is called flash ignition. Smoldering: The slow burning process without flames is called smoldering. Deflagration: An explosion that propagates at subsonic speeds is known as deflagration. Spontaneous combustion: The phenomenon in which a combustible material burns on its own, without the presence of an external ignition source such as an open flame, due to heating or internal heat generation and heat accumulation, is known as spontaneous combustion. Flash point: The lowest temperature at which a flash fire can occur on the surface of a liquid (solid) under specified test conditions is called the flash point. Ignition point: The lowest temperature at which a liquid or solid can sustain combustion under specified test conditions is called the ignition point. Autoignition point: The lowest temperature at which a flammable substance can ignite spontaneously under specified test conditions is the autoignition point of that substance. 2.1.3 Ten Prohibitions for Personal Safety 1: Those who fail safety training and job-specific technical assessments are strictly prohibited from operating independently at their posts. 2. Those who do not wear appropriate clothing or consume alcohol before starting work are strictly prohibited from entering production areas or construction sites. 3. Those who do not wear safety helmets are strictly prohibited from entering areas where maintenance work is being carried out, as well as sites with concurrent operations. 4. Working at heights is strictly prohibited for those who have not obtained a safety work permit or who are not wearing safety belts. 5. It is strictly prohibited to enter toxic, hazardous, or oxygen-deficient areas such as towers, containers, tanks, oil tanks, reactors, septic tanks, and cable trenches for work without obtaining a safety operation permit. 6. It is strictly prohibited to disassemble shut-down pumps, equipment, or pipelines without obtaining a maintenance work order. 7. Electrical work must not be carried out without the required “three permits” for electrical operations. 8. Electrical work is strictly prohibited without obtaining a construction excavation work permit. 9. If the safety accessories and protective devices of mechanical equipment or pressure vessels are incomplete or not functional, it is strictly prohibited to start or use them. 10. The rotating parts of mechanical equipment must be equipped with protective devices; it is strictly prohibited to scrub or disassemble them while they are in operation. 2.1.4 Ten Prohibitions on Fire and Explosion Prevention 1. Smoking is strictly prohibited within the factory, as is bringing in matches, lighters, or any items that are flammable, explosive, toxic, or corrosive. 2. It is strictly prohibited to use fire for construction or in living areas within the factory premises without following the prescribed procedures. 3. It is strictly prohibited to enter oil and gas areas while wearing clothing that generates static electricity. 4. It is strictly prohibited to enter oil and gas areas as well as areas with flammable and explosive devices wearing shoes with iron nails. 5. It is strictly prohibited to use gasoline or volatile solvents to clean various equipment, clothing, tools, and floors. 6. It is strictly prohibited for any unapproved motor vehicles to enter production units, tank areas, and flammable and explosive zones. 7. The discharge of light oils, liquefied chlorine and gas, as well as chemical substances on-site is strictly prohibited. 8. It is strictly prohibited to use ferrous tools for hammering in various oil and gas areas. 9. It is strictly prohibited to block fire exits, as well as to misuse or damage fire-fighting equipment and apparatus. 10. It is strictly prohibited to damage the explosion-proof facilities and equipment in the production area, and regular inspections must be carried out. 2.1.5 Four Understandings and Four Abilities: Four Understandings: Understanding the fire hazards associated with one’s job. Know the measures to prevent disasters. Know how to extinguish fires. Know how to evacuate and escape. Four skills: Know how to call the police. Will use fire-fighting equipment. It can extinguish incipient fires. Evacuation and escape will be carried out. 2.1.6 According to their combustion properties, into which categories are hazardous materials divided? Based on their flammability properties, all items that pose a risk of fire or explosion are collectively referred to as hazardous materials. It can be divided into the following seven categories: 1. **Quality. Substances that, when subjected to external forces such as high heat, friction, impact, or other triggering factors, can undergo intense chemical reactions in a very short time, releasing large amounts of gas and heat along with a loud noise as part of the explosion, are known as **explosives**. Such as *tubes*, **, firecracker powder, etc. II. Flammable and combustible liquids. Such substances are highly volatile and flammable. Solvents such as gasoline, kerosene, methanol, alcohol, etc. III. Flammable and oxidizing gases. Such substances can burn or explode when exposed to heat, impact, or sparks, and they have a flammable property that can exacerbate fires. Such as hydrogen, oxygen, gas, acetylene, etc. IV. Self-igniting items. Substances that do not require an external heat source to ignite; they release heat due to oxidation by air, or heat accumulates within them as a result of external influences, reaching their autoignition point and thus catching fire on their own, such as yellow phosphorus, oilcloth, and oilpaper. V. Materials that catch fire when in contact with water. Such substances can react violently with water, releasing flammable gases and heat, which can cause fires and explosions. Such as sodium, potassium, sodium hydride, calcium carbide, magnesium-aluminum powder, etc. VI. Flammable solids. These substances have a low ignition point, and can catch fire rapidly when exposed to an open flame, heat, impact, or in contact with oxidizers. Such as red phosphorus, sulfur, flash powder, raw rosin, etc. VII. Oxidizing agents. These substances do not burn on their own, but they have a strong oxidizing capacity; contact with flammable materials can cause combustion or explosion. Such as potassium permanganate, potassium perchlorate, sodium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, etc. 2.1.7 What is the flash point? What is the ignition point? What is the autoignition point? 1. Flash point: A flammable liquid can evaporate to form vapors that spread into the air. As the temperature rises, volatilization accelerates. When a mixture of volatile vapor and air comes into contact with a heat source and sparks are generated, this brief burning process is called flash ignition, and the lowest temperature at which flash ignition occurs is known as the flash point. From a fire safety perspective, the flash point of a liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can cause a fire or explosion. The lower the flash point, the greater the risk of fire and explosion. There are two methods for determining flash point: the open cup method and the closed cup method. The open cup method involves placing a sample of flammable liquid in an open container and heating it for measurement. The closed-cup method involves heating a sample of flammable liquid in a covered container for measurement. For the same sample of flammable liquid, different testing methods yield different values; generally, the open flash point is 15–25°C higher than the closed flash point. 2. Ignition point: For combustible substances in solid, liquid, or gas form, when they are in contact with air and reach a certain temperature, they will burn upon contact with a flame; they will continue to burn even after the flame is removed. The lowest temperature at which such combustible substances ignite is called the ignition point, also known as the burning point. The ignition point of a liquid can be determined using the open-cup method for measuring the flash point. Generally, the ignition point of liquids is higher than their flash point; for flammable liquids, the ignition point is 1–5°C higher than the flash point. 3. Autoignition point: Under normal conditions, most combustible substances undergo a slow oxidation process when in contact with air; however, this process is very slow, producing little heat, and the heat is continuously dissipated into the surrounding environment, so no light is emitted as in the case of combustion. If the temperature rises or other conditions change, the oxidation process accelerates, generating more heat. If this heat cannot be dissipated entirely, it accumulates, causing the temperature to increase gradually. When the temperature at which this substance burns on its own is reached, it will ignite automatically; this is known as spontaneous combustion. The lowest temperature at which a substance ignites spontaneously when heated is known as its autoignition point, also referred to as the spontaneous ignition temperature. At the autoignition temperature, a combustible material in contact with air can burn without the need for an open flame. The autoignition point is not a fixed value; it mainly depends on the heat generated during oxidation and the way in which heat is conducted away. It can be seen that for the same combustible material, different oxidation conditions and various influencing factors result in different autoignition points. Spontaneous combustion can be divided into two cases. Spontaneous combustion that occurs due to the effect of an external heat source is called heat-induced spontaneous combustion ； Certain combustible materials generate heat on their own due to biological, physical, or chemical processes occurring within them, without the need for an external heat source; when the conditions are right, this heat is sufficient to cause the material to ignite automatically, a phenomenon known as spontaneous combustion. The essence of spontaneous combustion and combustion induced by heat is the same; the only difference lies in the source of heat: in the former case it is the thermal effect of the material itself, while in the latter case it is the result of external heating. Spontaneous combustion of materials occurs under certain conditions; some can happen at room temperature, while others can occur at low temperatures. The phenomenon of spontaneous combustion indicates that this substance poses a greater latent fire hazard than other substances. Under normal circumstances, common substances that can cause spontaneous combustion include plant products, oils and fats, coal, iron sulfide, and other chemicals. Substances such as phosphorus and phosphine have a low auto-ignition point. 2.1.8 What is the explosion limit of flammable gases (vapors, dusts)? What is its practical significance? A mixture of combustible gases (vapors) and air will not explode when exposed to a flame at any concentration; instead, an explosion occurs only within a certain range of concentrations. The range of gas concentrations that can explode when exposed to a flame source is known as the explosive limit of the gas (including the lower explosive limit and the upper explosive limit). The explosion limits of different combustible gases (vapors) vary. For example, the explosion limit of hydrogen is 4.0%–75.6% (by volume concentration); this means that hydrogen will explode when its volume concentration in air is between 4.0% and 75.6%, whereas it will not explode even in the presence of an ignition source when its concentration is below 4.0% or above 75.6% (due to insufficient or excessive air). The explosive limit of methane is 5.0% to 15.0%, which means that methane will explode when its volume concentration in air is between 5.0% and 15.0% in the presence of an ignition source; otherwise, it will not explode. The concept of the explosion limit for combustible dust is the same as that for combustible gases. The explosion limit is generally expressed as the volume percentage (%) of the combustible gas (dust) in air, or it can also be expressed as the weight percentage (g/m3 or mg/l) of the combustible gas (dust). The explosion limit is a very important concept that holds great practical significance in fire and explosion prevention work. 1. It can be used to assess the degree of fire and explosion hazard associated with combustible gases (vapors, dusts), serving as a basis for classifying combustible gases and determining their fire hazard categories. In our country, combustible gases with an explosion lower limit of less than 10% are classified as first-class combustible gases, and their fire hazard is categorized as Class A. 2. It can serve as a basis for design; for example, determining the fire resistance rating of a building or designing the ventilation system for a factory requires knowing the explosion limits of the flammable gases (vapors, dusts) present in that location. It can serve as a basis for formulating safety operation procedures. In areas where flammable gases (vapors, dusts) are produced, used, and stored, to prevent fires and explosions, it is necessary to strictly keep the concentration of such gases (vapors, dusts) below their lower explosive limit. To ensure this, when formulating safety operation procedures for production, corresponding preventive measures should be taken based on the flammability and explosiveness risks of combustible gases (vapors, dusts) as well as their other physical and chemical properties, such as ventilation, displacement, dilution with inert gases, and detection and alarm systems. 2.1.9 What are occupational hazards? Poor working conditions involve various occupational hazards, which can be classified into three categories based on their source: First, harmful factors that arise from direct contact during research and production processes. 1. Chemical factors: toxic substances such as lead, mercury, chlorine, carbon monoxide, and organophosphorus pesticides ； Productive dusts, such as silica dust, asbestos dust, coal dust, organic dusts, etc. 2. Physical factors: Abnormal weather conditions, such as high temperatures, high humidity, high air pressure, low air pressure, etc ； Noise, vibration ； Radio frequency, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet ； X-rays, gamma rays, etc. 3. Biological factors: such as Bacillus anthracis, Brucella, and forest encephalitis virus attached to the skin. II. Harmful factors in the process of scientific research work 1. Unreasonable work organization and labor systems, such as excessive working hours, inadequate or imperfect rest policies, etc. 2. Excessive mental stress at work. 3. Excessive workload or improper work arrangements, such as tasks that are not suited to the workers’ physical conditions, overly high production quotas, and forced overtime work. 4. Excessive strain on certain organs, such as visual strain caused by insufficient light. 5. Staying in an unfavorable position for a long time or using inappropriate tools, etc. III. Hazardous factors in scientific research and production environments 1. Scientific research and production do not meet health standards or requirements, such as low and narrow factory buildings, unreasonable layout, and the placement of toxic and non-toxic work areas together. 2. Lack of necessary sanitary facilities, such as inadequate ventilation, lighting, dust and gas prevention systems, as well as noise and vibration control devices, or these systems are not effective. 3. Inadequate safety protection equipment and personal protective gear. In actual scientific research and production environments, hazard factors often do not exist in isolation; rather, multiple factors act simultaneously on the health of workers, resulting in greater risks. Occupational injuries caused by occupational hazard factors also include work-related accidents, which can range from mild to severe and may even lead to disability or death; therefore, sufficient attention must be paid to them in order to prevent them in a timely manner. There are many reasons for work-related injuries; employees’ lack of knowledge about safe working practices, failure to use protective measures, a sense of complacency or luck, as well as factors such as alcohol consumption, medication use, fatigue, and psychological issues, can all play a role. The prevention of work-related injuries and occupational diseases cannot be separated; there is often an inherent connection between them. 2.2.0 Three conditions for combustion 1. Presence of a combustible substance ； 2. Presence of an oxidizing agent ； 3. There is an energy source that causes combustion. 2.2.1 Hazards of Static Electricity and Preventive Measures All objects contain electric charges; under normal conditions, the number of positive and negative charges is equal, so no electrical charge is apparent. However, when two different objects come into contact or are rubbed against each other, electrons with a negative charge from one object move across the boundary into the other object, and this is how static electricity is generated. Moreover, the accumulation of charge on them generates a high static voltage; when two objects with different charges are separated or come into contact, electric sparks are produced, and this is the phenomenon of electrostatic discharge. The main causes of static electricity include friction, the piezoelectric effect, induction charging, and adsorptive charging. In industrial and agricultural production, static electricity plays a significant role, such as in electrostatic flocking, electrostatic painting, and electrostatic pest control. At the same time, the presence of static electricity can also lead to certain hazards, such as fire accidents caused by static discharge. With the rapid development of the petrochemical industry, materials that generate static electricity are being used more and more widely, thereby increasing their fire hazard. I. Fire hazard 1. When the static electricity generated by an object accumulates to a high level, creating a high voltage, contact with other uncharged objects results in a large voltage difference, leading to discharge. When the voltage exceeds 300 volts, the static electricity spark generated can ignite the flammable gases and dust in the surrounding area. Furthermore, static electricity can also pose risks to industrial production and cause harm to the human body. 2. Solid materials are subjected to extensive friction and compression during handling or production processes, such as the friction between the belt and the pulley in transmission systems ； Fixed substances come into contact under pressure to polymerize or separate ； Solid substances come into contact with pipes during extrusion and filtration. Friction occurs in the filter ； Solid substances are being crushed. Static electricity can be generated during grinding and mixing processes, as well as in other similar processes. And as the speed increases. The increasing pressure, as well as friction. Reasons such as an overly large contact area during extrusion, dry air, and poor grounding of the equipment lead to static electricity

Charge accumulation leads to discharge, posing a fire hazard. 3. Most common flammable liquids have high electrical resistance; during filling, transfer, transportation, or production, static electricity can be generated due to collisions, splashing, friction against pipe walls, or impacts. In particular, when there are no conductive particles in the liquid, the inner surface of the pipeline is rough, or the flow rate of the liquid is too high, significant friction is generated. Without proper static electricity discharge devices, the resulting static charge accumulates voltage and leads to discharge, which can easily cause fires. 4. Dust is being ground. Stir. High-speed movement during processes such as screening causes collisions and friction between dust particles, as well as between dust and pipe walls, container walls, or other equipment and objects, resulting in a large amount of static electricity. This can either hinder production in mild cases or lead to explosions in severe cases. 5. Compressed gases and liquefied gases, due to the presence of liquid or solid impurities in them, generate a large amount of static electricity when they are ejected at high speed from pipe openings or damaged areas; this static electricity can lead to combustion or explosion accidents. II. Preventive measures 1. For pipelines and storage tanks. Devices that generate static electricity, such as filters, mechanical equipment, and gas stations, should be equipped with proper grounding systems to ensure that the static electricity generated is quickly conducted into the ground. When installing a grounding device, it should be noted that a certain distance must be maintained between the grounding device and the area where liquid vapor is emitted; the grounding resistance should not exceed 10 ohms. The part of the device that is buried underground should not be coated with anti-corrosion paint. In areas where the soil is highly corrosive, copper or galvanized grounding electrodes should be used. 2. To prevent interference between devices and between devices and pipes. A potential difference is generated between pipes and containers; at their connections, especially in areas where static discharge can cause ignition, they are connected together using metal conductors to eliminate this potential difference and ensure safety. For non-conductive pipes, metal tracing should be wrapped around the internal or external surface at their joints to eliminate the potential difference between the components. 3. In non-conductive or low-conductivity materials, their conductivity can be increased by adding fillers and antistatic agents with better conductive properties, or by applying antistatic agents to the surface of the material. This reduces its resistance and thus eliminates the risk of fires caused by static electricity during the production process. 4. Reducing the areas and intensity of friction is also an effective method to reduce and suppress the generation of static electricity. In transmission systems, V-belts are used or direct shaft drive is employed to reduce or avoid excessive static electricity generated by the large friction area and high strength of flat belts. Limiting and reducing the flow velocity of flammable liquids and gases in pipelines can also help to minimize and prevent the generation of static electricity. 5. Check the sealing of containers holding high-pressure water vapor and flammable gases to prevent leakage. Leakage can cause explosions; when pouring or filling flammable liquids, a conduit should be used to extend along the container wall to the bottom for discharge or injection. Sampling, measurement, filtering, stirring, and other operations can only be carried out after allowing a sufficient amount of time to pass. At the same time, be careful to handle it gently, and do not use ungrounded metal tools for operation. The use of flammable liquids as cleaning agents is strictly prohibited. 6. In production areas where there is a risk of fire and explosion, strict measures must be taken to prevent leaks of oil and gas from equipment, containers, and pipelines. Take measures such as regular cleaning to remove dust and improving ventilation, in order to reduce the concentration of flammable vapors, gases, and dust. Flammable and explosive hazardous materials must not be brought into areas prone to static electricity. 7. Methods such as using a rotary fan sprayer to emit water mist into the air can be employed to increase the relative humidity of the air, improve its electrical conductivity, and prevent or reduce the generation and accumulation of static electricity. In areas where flammable and explosive vapors are present, water mist should be sprayed from outside the area inward. 8. Personnel working in areas with a high risk of fire and explosion should first discharge the static electricity on their bodies by touching grounded metal objects before entering such areas. At the same time, it is also necessary to avoid garments made of fibrous materials that may sprout buds, as well as shoes with soles that have low electrical conductivity. To prevent static electricity generated by the human body from causing fires in flammable and explosive areas, as well as from resulting in electric shock when the human body comes into contact with another high-voltage object. 9. Discharge needles (static charge eliminators) can be installed in areas where a lot of static electricity is generated, to ionize the air within that area; this turns the air into a conductor, thereby neutralizing the static charges so that they cannot accumulate. However, when using this device, it is necessary to take certain safety measures due to its high voltage, in order to prevent injury. 10. Other methods for preventing and eliminating the hazards of static electricity include metal shielding (shielding charged objects with indirect metal conductors can prevent static charges from discharging into the human body and causing injury) ； Inert gas protection** (for transporting or storing flammable materials. In pipelines and storage tanks containing explosive liquids, gases, and dusts, inert gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen are introduced to prevent explosions caused by static electricity sparks). 2.2.2 Six Checks for Safety Supervision (1) Check thoughts ； (2) Check the system ； (3) Check measures ； (4) Identify potential hazards ； (5) Inspection and rectification ； (6) Check the effectiveness. 2.2.3 What are “three types of hazardous materials”? Explosive, flammable, and corrosive hazardous materials. 2.2.4 What is “combating three violations”? (1) Combating illegal operations ； (2) Opposition to illegal command ； (3) Violation of labor discipline. 2.2.5 The “Five Implementations” for enterprise safety work: (1) Organization ； (2) Personnel ； (3) Responsibilities ； (4) Funds ； (5) Equipment. 2.2.6 “Three No-Harms”: Do not harm others, do not harm yourself, and do not allow others to harm you. 2.2.7 “Three Focuses and One Emphasis”: Focus on the foundation, focus on the source, focus on implementation, and emphasize key areas. 2.2.8 The “Four Non-Compromise Principles” for safety supervision: Do not move on until the cause of the accident is identified; do not move on until those involved and the public have received education; do not move on until those responsible for the accident are held accountable; do not move on until practical preventive measures are established. New renovation and expansion projects must adhere to the principle of \"three simultaneities\" in relation to the main project: simultaneous design, simultaneous construction, and simultaneous commissioning for production and use. 2.2.9 “Hazardous materials”: refer to flammable and explosive substances, hazardous chemicals, radioactive materials, and other items that can pose a threat to human safety and property security. 2.3.0 Major hazard sources: Refer to units (including sites and facilities) that permanently or temporarily produce, handle, use, or store hazardous substances, and in which the quantity of such substances is equal to or exceeds the critical level. 2.3.1 Policy for safety production management: Safety first, prevention foremost. 2.3.2 Principles for accident investigation and handling: Seek truth from facts and respect science. 2.3.3 Fire protection policy: Prevention first, combining prevention with suppression. 2.3.4 Unsafe behaviors: Refer to actions taken by operators that violate safety production regulations and safe operating procedures. The main manifestations of unsafe behavior include: (1) incorrect operations carried out due to errors in perception or judgment under normal or abnormal mental states ； (2) Unsafe operations carried out due to a lack of knowledge and experience ； (3) Failing to use or failing to use personal protective equipment correctly as required ； (4) Failure to carry out safety-assuring operations and warnings ； (5) Operating machinery and performing tasks at unsafe speeds ； (6) Using devices with impaired safety functions ； (7) Using unsafe tools in place of (safe) tools and the unsafe use of tools ； (8) Unsafe methods of loading, mixing, and connecting ； (9) Performing work in unsafe locations and adopting an attitude that disregards safety. 2.3.5 What are the “Three Fixes and Four Prohibitions” to prevent perfunctory handling of potential hazards? Three Fixes: Identify the personnel responsible, determine the measures to be taken, and set a deadline ； Four prohibitions: Anything that can be resolved by oneself should not be referred to the workshop by the team ； The workshop does not pass the responsibility on to the factory management; the factory management does not pass it on to the higher-level authorities (the company) ； The competent authority (company) does not pass the responsibility on to others.** 2.3.6 What are the characteristics of refineries? Answer: Flammable, explosive, toxic, high temperature, high pressure, corrosive, requires continuous operation, and features many electrical rotating equipment. 2.3.7 What is meant by “three no-fires”? Answer: Work will not begin without a fire permit ； No welding shall be carried out unless fire prevention measures are implemented ； No work will be carried out if the fire watcher is not on site. 2.3.8 What are the characteristics of oil fires? Answer: (1) Fast burning speed ； (2) High flame temperature, large radiant heat output ； (3) Prone to explosion, with rapid fire spread ； (4) Oils containing water are also prone to bumping, which hinders fire suppression ； (5) During the intense burning phase of a petroleum fire, it is relatively difficult to extinguish it. 2.3.9 How many meters above the ground does working at height refer to? Answer: Above 3 meters, below 2 meters from the ground. 2.4.0 How many methods are there for extinguishing fires? Answer: Asphyxiation method, isolation method, cooling method, suppression method. 2.4.1 What measures should be taken in the event of a large-scale leak of liquefied petroleum gas? Answer: In the event of a large-scale leak of liquefied petroleum gas, the following measures should be taken: (1) Immediately cut off the source of the gas (or the supply). (2) It is strictly prohibited to turn on or off non-explosion-proof equipment to avoid sparking. (3) Strictly control surrounding fire sources (i.e., extinguish them immediately) and prevent vehicles from passing by. (4) Report to the relevant department. (5) Report to the fire department. (6) Use steam dilution as a shield. (7) Set up a perimeter barrier. 2.4.2 What are the hazards of electric shock to humans? Answer: When electric current passes through the human body, its thermal effect can cause electrical burns, while its chemical effect can lead to electrostatic burns and skin metallization. The electromagnetic field’s radiation effects on the body can cause dizziness. The current can also cause muscle contractions, disrupt heart function, and ultimately lead to suffocation and death in the person who has been electrocuted. 2.4.3 What are the causes of electric shock? (1) Electric shock and casualties caused by incorrect power shutdowns ； (2) Electric shock injuries caused by incorrect power delivery ； (3) Electric shock caused by contact with exposed live parts ； (4) Improper installation of electrical facilities results in the equipment becoming electrified ； (5) Electric shock caused by improper operation of electrical equipment ； (6) Misoperations such as electric shock caused by a lack of knowledge regarding safe electricity use. 2.4.4 What are the symptoms of poisoning caused by gasoline entering the human body? Answer: Acute inhalation poisoning is characterized by drowsiness, delayed reactions, as well as mild nausea and a dull appearance. Severe poisoning can cause sudden loss of consciousness, reflexive cessation of breathing, or lead to coma, convulsions, muscle spasms, dilated pupils, and a drop in blood pressure ； Another type is mental restlessness and nervous laughter, etc. 2.4.5 What is the explosion limit? What are the explosion limits for propane, propylene, gasoline, acetylene, and ammonia? Answer: The limit concentration at which a mixture formed by combustible gases, dusts, or vapors of combustible liquids and air will explode when exposed to an ignition source is called the explosive limit. It is usually expressed as the volume percentage (%) of combustible gas in air. Propane (2.1–9.5%)%; Propylene (2.0–11.7%)%; Hydrogen (4.0–75.6%)%; Acetylene (1.5–100%)%. 2.4.6 Under what defects should a pressure gauge be discontinued from use? Answer: If it is found during use that the pressure gauge gives incorrect readings, its scale is unclear, the dial glass is broken, the pointer does not return to zero after pressure release, or the seal is damaged, it should be stopped from use. 2.4.7 What are the basic measures to prevent the hazards of static electricity? (1) Electrostatic control method. Such as solids reducing friction, liquids or gases reducing flow velocity, impact and splashing, etc. (2) Natural leakage method, such as reducing the temperature in the air to increase the electrical conductivity of the substance. (3) Static neutralization method, such as installing charge eliminators to generate opposite charges and neutralize static electricity through corona discharge. (4) Anti-static grounding, such as installing grounding wires on the equipment. 2.4.8 What are the safety devices on pressure vessels? Answer: Safety valves (explosion-proof membranes), level gauges, vent valves (pressure relief valves), level alarms, etc. 2.4.9 When someone loses consciousness due to an electric shock, what are the various methods of artificial respiration? Answer: There are three methods: pressing on the chest while lying on the back, pressing on the back while lying on the stomach, and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. 2.5.0 What is an explosion? Answer: An explosion is a very rapid physical and chemical change of a substance, as well as a phenomenon in which a large amount of energy is released quickly or rapidly converted into mechanical work within a short period of time. 2.5.1 What are the main methods of equipment grounding? Answer: Grounding can be divided into working grounding and safety grounding. Working ground includes: (1) using the earth as a conductor for grounding ； (2) Maintain the grounding for the safe operation of the system, such as the neutral grounding in a 380V transformer system. Safe grounding includes: protection grounding against electric shock, lightning protection grounding, anti-static grounding, and shielding grounding. 2.5.2 What is an appropriate setting for the operating value of the safety valve? Answer: The opening pressure of the safety valve should be set at 1.1 times the maximum operating pressure of the container, but it must not exceed the design pressure of the container. 2.5.3 What are the first aid measures for burns caused by steam, hot water, or heated equipment pipelines, as well as burns from fire? Answer: (1) First-degree burn: Symptoms include redness and slight swelling of the skin; apply Vaseline or burn ointment. (2) Second-degree burn: The symptom is blisters forming on the skin. Prevent the blisters from breaking and getting infected. Apply Vaseline or gentian violet and burn ointment, then wrap the wound with sterile gauze. (3) Third-degree burn: The symptoms involve complete damage to the tissues both above and below the skin; it is forbidden to apply any oils or ointments, and the patient must be taken to a hospital immediately for treatment. 2.5.4 Under normal conditions, what substances are not allowed to be discharged into the gutter? Answer: Gas, condensate oil, and gasoline. 2.5.5 What kind of shoes are not allowed to be worn when entering the production facility? Answer: nailed shoes, sandals, slippers, high heels. 2.5.6 What do the colors red, blue, gray, yellow, silver-white, and green represent respectively for the main process pipelines in a refinery? Answer: Red: Fire hose ； Green: waterline ； Lan: Compressed air ； Huang: Chemical solvents (acids, alkalis, ammonia) ； Silver White: Light oil ； Gray: Heavy oil. 3. Fire safety knowledge 3.1.1 CO2 fire extinguishers are devices that compress CO2 into a liquid form and store it in a container. They do not conduct electricity, and are used to extinguish fires involving electrical equipment, precision instruments, oils, and acids; however, they cannot be used to put out fires involving substances such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, and aluminum. When in use, stay close to the ignition point but at a distance of 3 meters; hold the horn mouth facing the fire with one hand, and use the other hand to turn on the switch. 3.1.2 Dry powder fire extinguishers

It is a device that contains potassium or sodium salt powder in a bottle; some of them are pressurized directly, while others are equipped with a small steel cylinder for compressed gas. It is non-conductive and can be used to extinguish fires involving electrical equipment, but it is not suitable for extinguishing fires in rotating motors. It can be used to put out fires involving petroleum products, paints, organic solvents, natural gas, and gas-related equipment. To use it, pull out the pin, press down on the handle firmly, or pull up the ring to allow the gas from the pressure cylinder to enter the fire extinguisher, thereby releasing the dry powder. It is 4-5 meters away from the point of ignition. III. Foam fire extinguishers are devices that contain sodium bicarbonate, foaming agents, and an aluminum sulfate solution in a bottle; they can be used to extinguish fires involving oils or other flammable liquids, but not fires involving water-sensitive materials or electrically charged objects. When in use, turn it upside down, apply pressure or turn on the switch, and the agent will be sprayed out at a distance of 7-8 meters from the point of fire. 3.1.3 Which fires cannot be extinguished with water? I. Electrical appliances: In the event of a fire involving electrical appliances, it is necessary to cut off the power supply first. If it is not possible to do so, water and foam must not be used to extinguish the fire, as both can conduct electricity. Carbon dioxide, 1211, dry powder fire extinguishers, or dry sand should be used for extinguishing the fire, and a distance of more than 2 meters should be maintained from electrical equipment and wires. II. Chemical Hazardous Materials: Laboratories often keep quantities of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, alkali metals, potassium, sodium, lithium, as well as flammable metal powders such as aluminum powder and magnesium powder. These items react or catch fire very easily when exposed to water, and must never be extinguished with water. III. Computers: In the event of a computer fire, the power supply should be disconnected immediately, and a dry powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher should be used to put out the fire. If detected in time, the power supply can also be unplugged and the computer should be quickly covered with a wet blanket or quilt; never pour water on a computer that is on fire. A sudden drop in temperature can also cause a computer to explode. IV. Fuel oil and paint: In the event of a fire involving fuel oil or paint, water must never be used to extinguish it; instead, foam, dry powder, 1211 fire extinguishing agents, or sand should be used for suppression. V. Cooking oil pans: When a fire breaks out in an oil pan, under no circumstances should water be used to put it out. Because when water meets hot oil, it causes a \"boiling over,\" causing the oil and flames to splash everywhere. The method to put out the fire is to quickly pour the chopped cold dishes along the edges into the pot, and the fire will go out automatically. Another method is to cover the burning oil pan with a lid or a large piece of damp cloth that can cover it, preventing the burning oil from coming into contact with air and thus causing it to go out due to lack of oxygen. 3.1.4 Ignition sources are classified into seven categories: flames, hot objects, electric sparks, adiabatic compression, impact and friction, light irradiation and focusing, and heat release from chemical reactions. 3.1.5 The tactical principle of “three firsts and three latters” during fire fighting: “Control first, then extinguish”” ； “Save people first, then extinguish the fire” ； “Focus on the key points first, then the general ones.” 3.1.6 There are four types and eight categories of ignition sources: chemical ignition sources (open flame, spontaneous heating) ； High-temperature ignition source (high-temperature surface, thermal radiation) ； Electrical ignition sources (electric sparks, static sparks) ； Impact ignition sources (impact and friction, adiabatic compression). 3.1.7 How to use steam ignition equipment correctly? Answer: Steam fire extinguishing is a type of smothering fire extinguishment; steam is released into the burning area, reducing the oxygen level there to a certain extent, which causes the fire to go out. Substances with a auto-ignition point lower than that of steam cannot be used ； Care should be taken when using some volatile solvents. When spraying, aim it at the base of the vertical cutting flame to separate the burning material from air; otherwise, the steam temperature will cause a large amount of flammable substances to evaporate, leading to an expansion of the flame. Also, do not spray steam at people to avoid scalding them. 3.1.8 How to report an alarm? Answer: Dial 119 and report the type of fire, the extent of the fire, the location of the fire, the organization involved, and your own name. 3.1.9 What is the principle of fire extinguishment using dry powder extinguishants? Answer: When using dry powder fire extinguishants to put out fires, the pressure of compressed gas is used to force the dry powder out of the nozzle, creating a stream of powdered mist under pressure that is directed at the burning material. When the dry powder comes into contact with the flame, a series of physicochemical reactions occur, which result in the extinguishment of the flame. After the dry powder is sprayed, a dense cloud of powder mist surrounds the flame, reducing the heat radiation from the flame to the fuel. Meanwhile, the powder releases crystalline water when exposed to high temperatures; this not only absorbs the heat from the flame but also the inert gases produced as a result of this decomposition help to dilute the concentration of substances in the burning area. 3.2.0 What are the general principles for fighting hydrocarbon fires? Answer: First, cut off the source of fire to reduce the amount of air in the mixture of flammable vapor and air. To extinguish the fire, inert gases such as CO2 are used, or dry powder is employed to remove the oxygen that supports combustion. 3.2.1 How to use a dry powder fire extinguisher? Answer: Carry the dry powder fire extinguisher to the scene. When you are about seven or eight meters away from the fire, place the extinguisher on the ground. Hold the powder nozzle hose with one hand, lift the handle with the other hand, then grasp the body of the extinguisher and move toward the fire. Keep the nozzle about three or four meters away from the fire source and direct the powder at the burning area. 3.2.2 What are the general principles for fighting hydrocarbon fires? Answer: For small fires involving various types of oils and gases, it is generally sufficient to reduce the oxygen content in the combustible gas to quickly extinguish the fire. However, for heavy oils with a high flash point, cooling along with isolation from air and smothering are necessary to put out the fire, while for light oils with a low flash point, isolation from air and smothering are the main methods used to extinguish the fire. Such as dry powder, foam, etc. 3.2.3 What is a fire extinguishing agent? Answer: A fire extinguishing agent is a substance used to disrupt the conditions for combustion in a burning area. Any substance that can extinguish a fire can be called a fire extinguishing agent. 4. Various safety regulations and procedures 4.1 Inspection system 1 Main contents of routine inspections 1.1 Reaction unit 1.1.1 Check whether the primary meters, pressure gauges, and control valves are functioning properly. 1.1.2 Whether the secondary gauge pressure, flow rate, temperature, and storage volume are normal. 1.1.3 Check whether the records of various parameters in the operation logs are timely, accurate, and neat, and whether they remain within the specified range. 1.1.4 Check whether the line drawing on the control curve graph for each point of this position is normal. 1.1.5 Are the pressure of unpurified air, purified air, and steam normal? 1.1.6 Check the combustion condition of the remaining furnace burners and whether the flame dampers are appropriate; in winter, verify that anti-freezing and anti-condensation measures have been implemented. 1.1.7 Is the system pressure normal (two vessels, air, steam)? 1.1.8 Accident steam pressure, whether the preheater is functioning properly. 1.1.9 There are no leaks in the slurry and reprocessed oil flow rates, pressure gauges, temperature changes, or pipeline valves. 1.1.10 Whether each backflow point is unobstructed. 1.1.11 Check whether the feed conditions are normal, and whether there is any localized overheating in the high-temperature areas. 1.1.12 Check whether the plug valves and other loosening and back-blowing points are unobstructed. 1.1.13 Check whether the loose media at the regenerative inclined tube are unobstructed. 1.1.14 Check whether the check valves and slide valves in each oil station are operating normally. 1.1.15 Check whether all the loose connections in the feed riser and regeneration riser are unobstructed, whether the pressure gauge behind the orifice plate shows values within the normal range, whether the riser expansion indicator is functioning properly, and whether the backflow air is sufficient and unobstructed. 1.1.16 Check whether the fuel combustion nozzle is unobstructed, the flow process is normal, and the control valve is functioning properly. 1.1.17 Check whether the 8 backflow points of the double-acting slide valve are unobstructed. 1.1.18 Is the stripping steam unobstructed? 1.1.19 Remaining pot section 1.1.20.1 Whether the glass plate level gauge matches the indoor instruments. 1.1.20.2 Whether the steam parameter pressure is within the safe range and whether it matches the readings on the indoor instruments. 1.1.20.3 Whether the safety valve is functioning properly and is in operation. 1.1.21 External heat extraction section 1.1.21.1 Is the V-3501 liquid level within the specified range? 1.1.21.2 Whether each safety valve is functioning properly. 1.1.21.3 Whether the on-site pressure gauge matches the indoor pressure gauge. 1.1.22 Check whether the descaling agent pump and anti-coking agent pump are operating properly, and whether there are any leaks ； Are the amounts of passivators and anti-caking agents added in accordance with the standards? 1.2 Fractionation Station 1.2.1 Indoor Operations 1.2.1.1 Check whether the flow rate, temperature, pressure, and liquid level are normal. 1.2.1.2 Whether the control curves for various parameters and the changes in product quality are consistent with those specified in the process card. 1.2.2 Check whether there are any abnormalities in the various local meters, pressure gauges, and control valves along the route. 1.2.3 Check for leaks in the containers, pipelines, valves, and flanges of all cooling and heat exchange equipment along the route. 1.2.4 Whether the interface levels and liquid levels of each tower and vessel are within the controlled range. 1.2.5 Check the temperature and liquid level of the water tank in the slurry cooling tank. 1.2.6 Heat exchange between slurry and water in the slurry cooling tank. 1.2.7 In winter, two lines designed to prevent the spillage of oil slurry from freezing should be kept clear at all times. 1.2.8 Check whether all pumps are operating normally and whether the standby pumps are in good condition. 1.2.9 The operating condition of each control valve, the measurement values from the primary instruments, and whether the local instruments are accurate. 1.2.10 Is the preheating of the hot oil pump working properly? 1.2.11 Various inspection points for Tower-3201. 1.2.11.1 Check whether the primary meters and control valves along the line are in normal operating condition. 1.2.11.2 Check for leaks in the oil and gas lines as well as at all flanges. 1.2.11.3 Check each process pipeline connected to the tower to ensure the flow is correct and that there is no damage to the equipment or pipelines. 1.2.11.4 Check whether the liquid level gauges on each glass panel are indicating accurately and normally. 1.3 Training for stable refining operations 1.3.1 Indoor 1.3.1.1 Check whether all temperature, pressure, liquid level, interface level, and flow control areas are operating properly. 1.3.1.2 Are the operation records and quality analyses accurate and complete? 1.3.2 Check whether the local control systems for temperature, interface, and level of T-3301, 3302, 3303, 3304, and V-3202, 3203 are functioning properly. 1.3.3 Check for any faults or leaks in various process pipelines, equipment, and primary instruments. 1.3.4 Check whether there are any issues with the various towers, containers, liquid levels, and primary control instruments. 1.3.5 Check for leaks in all cooling and heat exchange equipment, valves, pipelines, and flanges. 1.3.6 Check whether there are any issues with the oil tank level and their respective primary control instruments. 1.3.7 Refining Area 1.3.7.1 Check whether each washing process is operating normally. 1.3.7.2 Whether the liquid levels, interface levels, and pressures of each tower and vessel match those inside the room. 1.3.7.3 Whether each control valve operates smoothly and effectively, and whether the primary meter readings match those inside the room. 1.3.8 Tower Top Inspection Point 1.3.8.1 Check whether the instrument along the tower is functioning properly and whether the process flow is correct. 1.3.8.2 Check whether the pressure indicators of each tower and other equipment are normal and within the specified range. 1.3.8.3 Check whether there are any leaks or damages to the pipelines and equipment, and whether the liquid level gauges at the bottom of each tower are accurate and functioning properly. 1.4 Unit positions 1.4.1 Check whether the primary instruments, pressure gauges, and control valves are functioning properly. 1.4.2 Whether the secondary gauge pressure, flow rate, temperature, and storage volume are normal. 1.4.3 Check whether the records of various parameters in the operation logs are timely, accurate, and neat, and whether they remain within the specified range. 1.4.4 Check whether the line drawing on the control curve graph for each point of this position is normal. 1.4.5 Operation status of each lubricating oil pump, and whether the smoke extractor is operating properly. Are the voltage, current, wind pressure, and steam pressure within the normal range? 1.4.6 Check the pressure gauge of the circulating cooling water to see if the temperature is normal, verify the operation status of the cooler, and check for any leaks in the cooler. 1.4.7 Check whether the noise and vibration of the main fan, booster pump, air compressor, steam turbine, and flue gas turbine are normal. 1.4.8 Check whether the lubricating oil level of each unit is within the normal range, the operation status of the oil filter, and whether there are any abnormalities in drainage and impurity removal. 1.4.9 The butterfly valves at the inlet and outlet of the main fan, the butterfly valve at the inlet of the flue gas fan, the gate valves, the gate valves at the inlet and outlet of the air compressor, as well as the vent valves, are not in normal condition. 1.4.10 Is the turbine shaft seal extraction cooler operating properly? 1.4.11 Pressure: Check whether the liquid levels in the intermediate tank and the inlet/outlet condensed oil tanks are within the specified range, and whether the oil pressure line configuration is correct. 1.4.12 Check the sealing of the air compressor’s Dingming components, ensure that the compression air sealing is proper, and verify that the medium-pressure back pressure is within the specified range. 1.4.13 Make sure to check whether all anti-freezing and anti-condensation measures have been implemented. 1.4.14 Ensure that all standby units are in good standby condition, with regular turning of the shafts. 1.5 Pump Operator Position 1.5.1 The operation records in the control room and the shift handover logs must be kept complete and intact, with sufficient lubricant available. 1.5.2 Whether the pump room is clean and whether the tools are complete and in good condition. 1.5.3 Check whether there is any noise or vibration in pumps such as those in the reaction fractionation zone and stabilization zone, as well as the oil sealing pumps; verify whether the lubricating oil has deteriorated, and ensure that the oil level is within the specified range. 1.5.4 Check whether the pressure output by the pump is normal and whether there is any oil leakage from the bearing box seal. 1.5.5 Check whether all standby pumps are in good condition and whether the preheating has been properly carried out. 1.5.6 Check whether the cooling water flow is adequate, and whether the temperatures of the bearing housings and motors are normal. 1.5.7 Whether anti-freezing and anti-condensation measures have been implemented in winter. 1.5.8 Ensure proper handover of the operation status of various pumps to the teams responsible for reaction, distillation, and stabilization processes. 2 Inspection Route 2.1 Reaction Posts 2.1.1 Control room → Main air emergency steam control valve assembly → Anticoking agent pump → Passivation agent pump → Inspection sign 2.1.2 Inspection sign 1 → Feed oil automatic protection valve assembly → Emergency return line → Inspection sign 2.

2.1.3 Inspection panel 2 → Raw oil nozzle → Raw oil atomization steam → Sliding valve and plug valve hydraulic tank → Sliding valve → Inclined tube loosening valve assembly → Plug valve → Recycle oil nozzle → Combustion oil nozzle → Termination agent nozzle → Sleeve loosening → Raw catalyst riser loosening valve assembly → Inspection panel 3. 2.1.4 Inspection panel 3 → External heat absorption drum liquid level → Drum pressure → Drain valve → Loosening valve assembly on the raw catalyst riser → Inspection panel 4. 2.1.5 Inspection panel 4 → Two-inverse zone slide valve → Slide valve hydraulic tank → Two-inverse zone loosening valve assembly → Two-inverse zone fluidizing steam → Stripping steam valve assembly → Inspection panel 5. 2.1.6 Inspection panel 5 → double-acting spool valve → spool valve hydraulic tank → spool valve protection steam valve assembly → Inspection panel 6. 2.1.7 Inspection panel 6 → P-3601 → Flue gas water seal tank → Flue gas butterfly valve → Residual boiler liquid level → Residual boiler pressure → Residual boiler drain valve → Igniter → Deaerator liquid level → Deaerator pressure → P-3601 outlet pressure control valve assembly → Deaerator water seal tank → Purified air tank → Re-refining valve assembly → Steam generator liquid level → Steam generator pressure → Steam generator drain valve → Control room. 2.2 Fractionation Unit 2.2.1 Control room → Opening of the line connecting the re-refining oil extraction system with the slurry extraction system → Slurry extraction → Liquid level in the light diesel stripping tower → Pressure at the inlet of the reaction gas → Lines leading the material back to the fractionation tower, slurry returning to the tower, stirring steam → Inspection panel 1. 2.2.2 Inspection panel 1 → Slurry returns to the tower → Refined oil flows back into the refined oil tank → Refined oil returns to the tower → Process return line enters the refined oil tank → Mixed vapor of refined oil and crude oil returns via the return line → Mid-stage extraction → Diesel oil extracted at the lower level, diesel oil extracted at the upper level, mid-stage return to the tower → Crude oil feed inlet, process return line enters the crude oil tank → Inspection panel 2. 2.2.3 Inspection Panel 2 → Return to the refining vapor line, feed oil enters the feed oil tank → Rough vapor air cooling on the third-floor platform → Inspection Panel 3. 2.2.4 Inspection panel 3 → Levels at the second-floor platforms E-3215, E3205, E-3202, V-3206 → Level boundaries at the first-floor platforms E-3209, E-3207, V-3202 → Inspection panel 4. 2.2.5 Inspection Panel 4 → Top air cooling, diesel air cooling → E-3211/A, E-3211/B, E3210, E-3208 → Corrosion inhibitor pump → Inspection Panel 5. 2.2.6 Inspection Panel 5 → Slurry circulation line → Slurry discharge line → Inspection Panel 6. 2.2.7 Inspection panel 6 → Top circulation tower valve assembly → Re-refining oil return valve assembly → Slurry upward return to tower valve assembly → Slurry downward return to tower valve assembly → Middle section return to tower valve assembly → Re-refining oil return to tower valve assembly → Scale inhibitor pump → Control room. 2.3 Stabilization and refining station 2.3.1 Main control room → B-3305 → B-3303 → B-3306 → B-3301 → B-3302 → B-3304 → P-3209 → P-3309 → S-3302 → Steam stabilization valve assembly, acidic water valve assembly, hydraulic steam cooler flow valves → Valve assembly for using crude gasoline as a absorption agent → Inspection panel 1 R-302 → H-301. 2.3.2 Inspection panel 1 → E-3306 → Second-floor platform -3302 → T-304 liquid level → Inspection panel 2. 2.3.3 Inspection panel 2 → Third and second layers of air cooling (liquefied vapor, compressed rich gas) → Inspection panel 3. 2.3.4 Inspection sign 3 → to V-303 → Inspection sign 4. 2.3.5 Inspection panel 4 → Levels of T-3301, 3302, 3303, 3304 → First intermediate cooler, demineralized water and gasoline heat exchanger → Steady steam cooler → Deethanizer and gasoline engine heat exchanger → Steady steam and condensed oil heat exchanger → Inspection panel 5. 2.3.6 Inspection sign 5 → Liquefied gas outlet valve bank and dry gas valve on the west side of the unit → Inspection sign 6. 2.3.7 Inspection sign 6 → V-3709 boundary point → Inspection sign 7. 2.3.8 Inspection plate 7 → B-3701/1, 2B-3710 → Inspection plate 8. 2.3.9 Inspection sign 8 → Second-floor platforms V-3702, V-3702, V-3708, V-3710 → Inspection sign 9. 2.3.10 Patrol Pai Gow →→ Tank Top 701 → Control Room. 2.4 Main fan station: Main Fan Station 1 (oil reserve station) → Main Fan Station 2 (pressurizer) → Main Fan Station 3 (flue gas fan) → Main Fan Station 4 (main fan motor). 2.5 Compressor Station: Compressor Station 1 (oil station) → Compressor Station 2 (R-3301) → Compressor Station 3 (intercooler) → Compressor Station 4 (machine body). 2.6 Pumping station sequence: Pumping Station 1 (P-3201) → Pumping Station 2 (P-3203) → Pumping Station 3 (sewage tank) → Pumping Station 4 (P-3601). 2.7 Chief Operator Position: Station 1 (feedstock return line) → Station 2 (slurry discharge tank) → Station 3 (air compressor) → Station 4 (main fan). 3 Inspection Requirements 3.1 Each position shall establish specific routes, schedules, and locations for conducting thorough inspections of the production equipment under its responsibility, in order to stay informed of the situation, prevent problems before they occur, and ensure safe production. 3.2 Inspection personnel must enhance their sense of responsibility, carry out thorough handovers, and ensure that the inspection tags remain intact. 3.3 Upon taking over the shift, one must arrive at the post 15 minutes in advance for a preliminary inspection; any issues identified during this inspection must be addressed, otherwise the person taking over the shift will be held responsible. Subsequent inspections should be conducted at least once per hour. Those on duty must conduct thorough inspections along the designated routes and at the specified times, without going through the motions. If any issues are found, they should report them to the shift supervisor and team leader promptly, and arrange for appropriate action to be taken. 3.4 Important components, such as the liquid level, interfaces, air pressure of control valves, heating and combustion processes, as well as the operation of pumps, should be checked frequently to prevent accidents. 3.5 Keep proper records of the inspection activities as required, and ensure that these records are clean and organized. 4.2 Safety Regulations During Maintenance 4.2.1 Safety Regulations During Maintenance 1. All personnel entering the plant area during maintenance must wear safety helmets. Maintenance personnel must wear proper personal protective equipment; it is strictly prohibited to wear sandals, slippers, short-sleeved clothing, etc. 2. Safety belts must be worn whenever working at heights, and preventive measures must be taken or dedicated personnel must be assigned for coordinated work at elevated levels; throwing objects from heights is strictly prohibited. 3. Before carrying out maintenance work inside equipment and containers, it is necessary to conduct sufficient cleaning, steaming, boiling, and ventilation; the temperature must be brought to normal levels, and gas analysis should be performed to check the levels of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and other gases. There must also be a dedicated person to supervise the operations. 4. Adhere strictly to the fire operation procedures; before carrying out any fire-related work or using non-explosion-proof electric tools, a fire permit must be issued by a safety officer, with dedicated supervision in place and appropriate preventive measures taken. 5. The work area must be thoroughly cleaned before maintenance; the presence of water or oil accumulation is strictly prohibited. Items should be arranged neatly, leaving the area clean once people have left. 6. Smoking is strictly prohibited during maintenance, and working under the influence of alcohol is also strictly forbidden. 7. Emergency lighting or temporary lighting inside equipment during maintenance must use a voltage not exceeding 36 volts; when working inside containers, the voltage must not exceed 24 volts. 8. The team leaders and safety officers of each team are fully responsible for ensuring safety within their respective teams during the maintenance period; any safety issues must be reported as soon as possible. 9. In principle, young workers shall not work independently during maintenance tasks; they must be supervised by experienced employees. 10. After the device has been purged and drained, all oil remaining in the gutter must be removed, and it should be rinsed continuously with water. Once this is confirmed to be satisfactory, the gutter should be covered with fire-resistant cloth. 11. During maintenance, be careful not to work in a rough manner to avoid unnecessary waste of materials. 4.2.2 Safety regulations during shutdown 1. During the shutdown period, the procedures must be followed step by step and in accordance with the established shutdown plan; no unauthorized changes are allowed. 2. When draining oil and cleaning the pipelines, ensure that the process is followed properly to prevent any accumulation or leakage of oil; when cleaning, proceed from the heavier pipelines to the lighter ones, checking each pipeline carefully. 3. During purging, fill out the line-purging record, clearly specifying the time and the responsible person. 4. Personal protective equipment must be worn properly during the shutdown period to prevent burns and scalds. 5. Take preventive measures when performing low-point drainage. Towers, containers, heat exchangers, etc. that still contain oil must not be emptied; if ground contamination (oil, water) occurs, it must be cleaned up promptly. Also, when emptying, do not open the valve wide to drain a large amount; just keep it unobstructed. 6. Before performing line cleaning, drain any remaining water to prevent water hammer from damaging the pipelines and equipment. 7. It is strictly prohibited to use black metals such as F wrenches for striking in areas with light oil and gas. 8. In the event of any accidents involving personnel or equipment, as well as any leaks of oil or gas during the shutdown period, it is necessary to immediately inform the branch factory or the on-duty supervisor. 9. When discharging during the line cleaning process, two people must be present; it must not be done by an individual. 10. All teams must fill out work sheets when installing and removing blind flanges. All the above rules must be strictly observed; those who violate them will have their team’s assessment scores deducted doubly, and in serious cases, the responsible persons will also be fined. 4.2.3 Principles for shutting down the system for cleaning 1. Avoid carrying out cleaning operations simultaneously in all areas, in order to maintain the steam pressure in the pipeline network. 2. Proceed in sequence, first with the heavy oil system and then the light oil system. 3. Long-duration steam purging shall not be used; pressure should be maintained intermittently, and the process should be carried out sequentially from front to back to ensure an appropriate purging flow rate while minimizing steam consumption. 4. The process before purging needs to be adjusted appropriately; the principle is to ensure that the subsequent processes remain unobstructed (purge the first set of units before the heat exchange equipment, then keep all subsequent lines open without using the heat exchange equipment, and proceed in this manner) in order to minimize the resistance during purging. However, during each stage of purging, all units must be used. 5. The cooling (condensing) unit must have any remaining water drained from it in advance, and its vent must be opened to prevent steam from condensing (which could affect the purging process) and to avoid water hammer. 6. When purging a heat exchange unit in one direction, there must be a means to relieve pressure in the other direction to prevent damage to the equipment. 7. Whenever purging a certain system, the valves connected between systems via cross-lines must be tightly closed before and after purging to prevent cross-contamination; the system to be purged first should have its cross-line connections closed as the purging process proceeds. 8. All measuring instruments must be equipped with feed lines; steam must not pass through the instrument body. However, any oil remaining in the instrument body and connected pipelines must be drained completely (especially heavy oil). 9. During the purging process, condensate from various low points must not be discharged arbitrarily; emptying for inspection should only be carried out after the steam supply is stopped and the pressure is reduced (that is, once all the steam has been directed into the relevant towers and containers), in order to ensure personal safety and to practice civilized operation. 10. Pump machines or other parallel devices should be operated in rotation. 11. An appropriate vent should be provided at the bottom of the tower vessel to allow for the continuous removal of condensate; the bottom vent must remain unobstructed to prevent pressure buildup. 12. Pay attention to coordination between positions. 4.3 Safety Management Assessment Measures 1. Each work team must appoint a volunteer safety officer who must wear an identification badge while on duty to assist the team leader in handling safety matters related to that team; otherwise, a fine of 5 yuan will be imposed on the safety officer per incident, and 2 points will be deducted from the team’s assessment score per incident. 2. All employees must wear work uniforms when starting work, and proper personal protective equipment must be worn during operations. It is prohibited to enter the plant area wearing shoes with metal studs or sandals. A safety helmet must be worn when entering the equipment area; female workers are not allowed to have long hair that falls over their shoulders. Those who violate this rule will be fined 10 yuan per incident, and 2 points will be deducted from their team’s assessment score per incident. 3. Strictly enforce labor discipline; any violations such as leaving one’s post, sleeping at work, or engaging in personal tasks are strictly prohibited. A fine of 100 yuan will be imposed for each such incident, and 5 points will be deducted from the team’s assessment score for each occurrence. The following situations are considered sleeping at the post: A. Sitting with eyes closed. B. Lying on the table with the head facing the window. C. Sit in a hidden place that is not easily noticed. 4. It is strictly prohibited to bring prohibited items such as cigarettes and flames into the factory area; those who violate this rule will be fined 100 yuan per incident, and 5 points will be deducted from their team’s assessment score per incident. Those who smoke within the factory premises will be fined 500 yuan per incident, and 10 points will be deducted from their team’s assessment score per incident. 5. For those who work while under the influence of alcohol, a fine of 50 yuan will be imposed on the individual per incident, and 5 points will be deducted from the team’s assessment score per incident. 6. Those who steal items or oil within the factory premises will be fined 1,000 yuan per incident and dismissed from their jobs; their team will lose 10 points per incident. Those who illegally release oil at the sampling points will be fined 50 yuan per incident, with their team losing 5 points per incident. 7. A strict fire control system must be observed within the factory premises (including during maintenance periods). If open flames are used, or electrical work is carried out, welding is performed, or non-explosion-proof electric tools are utilized, relevant permits and certificates must be obtained; otherwise, a fine of 20 yuan will be imposed on the individual involved, and 5 points will be deducted from the team’s assessment score for each incident. 8. It is strictly prohibited to use gasoline to wash clothes within the factory premises, as well as to dry flammable items in high-temperature areas. Those who violate this rule will be fined 10 yuan per incident, and 2 points will be deducted from their team’s assessment score per incident. 9. Strictly enforce the inspection system; those who fail to conduct inspections, skip inspections, or do not carry out inspections as required will have 20 yuan deducted from their personal account per incident, and 2 points will be deducted from their team’s assessment score per incident. Individual workers conduct inspections every two hours. 10. It is strictly prohibited to use flammable liquids such as gasoline to clean mechanical and static equipment such as pumps and units within the factory premises; those who violate this rule will have 10 yuan deducted from their account per incident, and 2 points will be deducted from the team’s assessment score per incident. 11. It is strictly prohibited to discharge various types of oils and gas arbitrarily. In the event of a leak, it must be cleaned up immediately; any contamination in the gutters must be removed by flushing them. Those who violate this rule will be fined 20 yuan per incident, and 2 points will be deducted from their team’s assessment score per incident. 12. It is strictly prohibited to clean or wipe the rotating parts of moving equipment, and it is also forbidden to wash electrical equipment with water. Those who violate this rule will be fined 5 yuan per incident, and 1 point will be deducted from their team’s assessment score per incident. 13. Each team must hold at least one safety activity per month; the format of such activities is not specified, and records of them must be submitted. Failure to do so will result in a fine of 20 yuan for the team, as well as a deduction of 2 points from its assessment score per incident. If fraud is detected during random inspections, a fine of 50 yuan will be imposed on the team, and 5 points will be deducted from its assessment score. 14. Safety and fire-fighting facilities must be assigned to specific individuals. Those who fail to maintain them properly or cause damage to them will have 10 yuan deducted from their account per incident, along with a loss of 2 points from their team’s assessment score per incident. Those who do not carry out maintenance in a timely manner will have 5 yuan deducted from their account per incident, with a loss of 1 point from their team’s assessment score per incident. Those who fail to report in a timely manner any damaged, lost, or non-functional equipment (including fire extinguishers) will have 10 yuan deducted from their salary per incident, and 1 point will be deducted from their team’s evaluation score per incident. 15. In the event of any safety-related incident, if the loss is less than 1,000 yuan, the individual involved will be fined 50 yuan per incident, and the team’s evaluation score will be reduced by 5 points per incident. If the loss ranges from 1,000 yuan to 5,000 yuan, the individual will be fined 200 yuan per incident, with the team’s evaluation score reduced by 10 points per incident. For losses ranging from 5,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan, the individual will be fined 500 yuan per incident, and the team’s evaluation score will be reduced by 15 points per incident. If the loss is between 10,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, the individual will be fined 1,000 yuan per incident, with the team’s evaluation score reduced by 20 points per incident. For losses exceeding 50,000 yuan, a separate decision will be made. 16. In the event of any accident (safety, production, or process-related), a detailed written report must be submitted within 24 hours; otherwise, a fine of 10 yuan will be imposed on the individual involved, and 2 points will be deducted from the team’s assessment score for each such incident. 17. Each team must submit the safety assessment form to the branch factory by the 25th of each month, filling in all fields accurately; otherwise, 5 points will be deducted from the team. 18. The team safety officer, in conjunction with the team leader, is responsible for all matters related to safety within the team. They must be present during shift handovers, providing information on the team’s safety performance, existing equipment issues, unresolved problems, precautions to take at the end of the shift, as well as key areas that require monitoring. The shift handover logs and inspection forms filled out by the safety officer must be accurate; otherwise, a fine of 5 yuan will be imposed on the officer each time, and 1 point will be deducted from the team’s evaluation score. A comprehensive assessment is conducted on a quarterly basis, and those who perform excellently are rewarded. 19. During shift duty, if safety-related operations such as welding are carried out inside the equipment, a dedicated employee must be assigned by the team to monitor the site; otherwise, a fine of 20 yuan will be imposed on the team per incident, along with a deduction of 2 points from the team’s evaluation score per incident. 20. For matters not covered by the above regulations that nevertheless create safety hazards, unsafe conditions, or unsafe behaviors, appropriate penalties will be imposed on the individuals and teams involved, depending on the circumstances. 21. Rewards of 10–100 yuan will be given to those who identify potential safety hazards, while teams will receive rewards of 1–10 points. Those who make outstanding contributions will be given substantial rewards. 22. When working at heights, it is mandatory to wear a safety belt; otherwise, a fine of 20 yuan will be imposed on the individual each time, and 2 points will be deducted from the team’s evaluation score for each incident. 23. Before entering any container or tank, the manhole or ventilation holes must be opened in advance; the interior must be rinsed clean with water, and entry is permitted only after it has been inspected and found to be satisfactory by security personnel. There must be a dedicated person on standby outside to oversee the process and appropriate safety measures must be taken. Otherwise, a fine of 30 yuan will be imposed on the individual involved, and 5 points will be deducted from the team’s score per incident. 24. Flammable items containing oil, such as iron sulfide, must be removed from the device; otherwise, a fine of 5 yuan will be imposed on the individual involved, and 1 point will be deducted from the team’s assessment score per incident. 25. Temporary lighting for temporary operations or maintenance must use low-voltage electricity of 36 volts or less, and work may only be carried out after relevant permits are issued by a qualified electrician. Those who violate this rule will have 10 yuan deducted from their account per incident, and 2 points will be deducted from the team’s evaluation score per incident. 4.4 Safety checklist requirements: 1. The safety officer must check daily whether the employees in the team are wearing safety helmets, and record the findings accurately. 2. Fire extinguishers must be checked daily (with a focus on this team), and any issues found should be recorded and reported promptly. 3. Monitor the two sets of nozzles and their operating conditions (pressure, flow rate, valve opening, etc.) in conjunction with the reaction process. 4. Keep track of the operation status of the pumps in the facility in a timely manner (in coordination with the pump operators), and report any issues that cannot be resolved promptly. 5. All pump pressure gauges must be thoroughly inspected; any damaged or abnormal gauges should be recorded and reported promptly. 6. It is necessary to be aware of whether there is dirty oil or debris in the various gutters within the device, and whether the entrances to these gutters are unobstructed, so that issues can be addressed promptly. 7. In conjunction with the duties of the unit crew, check whether the compressor’s operating conditions, such as flow rate, pressure, temperature, liquid level, rotational speed, vibration, displacement, as well as the condition of fire extinguishers, are normal. 8. All relevant personnel checked the operating status of all special valves in the unit; any abnormalities or faults were promptly recorded and reported. 9. In accordance with the duties of the unit staff, inspect the valve opening, flow rate, pressure, temperature, vibration, displacement of the main fan, the operation status of the lubricating oil station, and the fire extinguishers. Monitor the flue gas temperature, steam temperature, vibration, displacement, etc. of the smoke machine. Monitor the operating status of the booster. 10. Understand the grounding status of all moving and stationary equipment in the plant (including pumps, containers, towers, units, etc.). 11. Closely monitor all sampling points within the device; any instances of unlocked points or theft must be promptly stopped and reported. 12. Periodically check the standby status of each gas alarm; if any are found to be non-compliant, notify the instrument technician immediately and report it. 13. Maintain the air respirators, gas masks, and protective goggles in the control room. 14. Record and address any leaks, spills, or other issues related to all moving and stationary equipment within the facility (with a focus on the area under the responsibility of this shift), and report the results. 15. Inspect the fire guns and fire hydrants associated with the device; if any abnormalities or leaks are detected, notify the fire department immediately and report it. 16. Check the liquid levels in the wells, sewage channels, and sewage wells (tank areas) within the facility, as well as the operation status of the sewage pumps. 17. The safety officer must actively cooperate with the team leader, who is fully responsible for everything. 18. The checklist is filled out after being checked by the team safety officer, and then signed after review by the team leader. The above requirements must be strictly followed; those who violate them or fail to comply will be punished and have corresponding shift credits deducted. The safety officer must record any issues identified promptly (including in the safety officer’s shift handover log), and notify the relevant personnel and team leader as soon as problems are detected, so that the team leader can make the necessary arrangements.

III. Training on Starting Up and Shutting Down the Equipment 1. Steps, principles, and precautions for starting up and shutting down each position 1.1 Startup plan: I. Comprehensive inspection 1.1 Check whether the process flow, equipment, pipelines, fittings, valves, flanges, manholes, and bolts are loose or damaged, and whether pressure gauges and thermometers are present, accurate, and securely installed. 1.2 Verify that all blind flanges have been installed or removed correctly, and that safety valves are installed as required. 1.3 Mobile equipment should have its cooling water and lubricating oil systems thoroughly inspected to ensure they are ready for use at any time and can operate properly. 1.4 Report to the Production Department and prepare for the blending of crude oil, testing, as well as the supply of water, electricity, steam, and air. 1.5 Check whether the safety facilities are in place, including inspecting the fire exits, the water available for firefighting, the steam distribution system, the fire-fighting equipment, and ensuring that the septic tanks and sewers are unobstructed. 1.6 Check that all pressure gauge ducts are unobstructed, that the liquid seals are filled with appropriate isolating fluid, and that the pressure gauges have been calibrated properly and are installed correctly and in good condition. 1.7 Check whether the DCS system has been calibrated and confirm that the data is correct. 1.8 Reaction position: 1.8.1 Check that all flow control orifice plates are properly installed and ready for use. 1.8.2 Check whether the nozzles in the auxiliary combustion chamber are unobstructed and functioning properly, as well as whether the primary and secondary air valves and the louvered air dampers operate smoothly. 1.8.3 Contact the electrician to adjust the electric igniter in the auxiliary combustion chamber, and check whether the relevant instruments are calibrated properly and in good condition. 1.8.4 Check whether the combustion oil nozzle of the regenerator is unobstructed and functioning properly. 1.8.5 Check all loose connections; ensure that the discharge line, the vent before the slide valve, as well as the vents on the large and small feeding lines and at the bottom of the lift pipe are unobstructed. 1.8.6 Before sealing the manhole, check whether the material legs of the two centrifuges are unobstructed and whether the flap valves operate smoothly. 1.8.7 Check in accordance with the procedures to ensure that the systems associated with the heating furnace are in good condition. 1.8.8 Has the catalyst tank been measured? 1.8.9 Check that the lubricating oil for all single- and double-acting slide valves as well as plug valves has been applied properly and that they function smoothly, and that the packing is properly installed and in good condition. 1.8.10 Check the process properly and introduce steam, air, electricity, and water to this station. 1.8.11 Connect to the instrument and introduce reverse blowing air for the instrument. 1.8.12 The metal passivators and anti-coking systems shall be prepared and kept in good standby condition. 1.8.13 Ensure that the equipment, pipelines, manholes, etc. belonging to the external heat removal system have been fully inspected, repaired, and installed, and that the sewage discharge outlets are unobstructed. 1.8.14 Check the residual boiler system to ensure that the drainage outlets are unobstructed, that the flue linings have been completed, that the flue dampers function properly, and that all manholes are properly sealed. 1.9 Fractionation station: 1.9.1 Thoroughly and systematically inspect the equipment, pipelines, as well as their heat tracing systems, vent ports, drain ports, sampling ports, pressure gauges, thermometers, etc., in accordance with the process flow to ensure that they are all properly installed. 1.9.2 As required, inspect T-201 as well as the tower, vessels, air coolers, coolers, heat exchangers, and flanged valves to which it was originally connected. 1.9.3 Check whether the oil and gas butterfly valve at the top of the fractionating tower is installed correctly and whether it operates smoothly manually. 1.9.4 Use instruments to verify that the connections of all differential pressure transmitters, pressure transmitters, and thermocouple wires are correct, and ensure that all control circuits can be operated as required. 1.9.5 Check the cleanup of maintenance waste within the respective area. 1.9.6 Check that all pumps are in good condition, that the lubricating grease is properly applied, and that the cooling water flow is unobstructed. 1.10, Absorption and stabilization positions: 1.10.1 Check whether all pumps are in good condition, whether the lubricating grease has been applied properly, and whether the cooling water flow is unobstructed. 1.10.2 Check that all flow control orifice plates are properly installed, accurate, and in good working condition. 1.10.3 Check whether all instruments have been calibrated. 1.11 Main fan system: 1.11.1 Whether the two-unit system has been repaired. 1.11.2 Check that the lubricating oil in each unit has been properly added and that the cooling water flow is unobstructed. 1.11.3 Check whether the safety valves and level gauges of each unit are properly calibrated. 1.11.4 Verify the process to introduce water, electricity, steam, and air to this station. II. Purging and Pressure Testing 2.1 Reaction Unit: 2.1.1 Preparation Work 2.1.1.1 Open the drain at the bottom of the lift pipe as well as the oil and gas vent lines. 2.1.1.2 Install blind flanges on the oil and gas lines, and open the DN200 vent valve for those lines. 2.1.1.3 Open the primary and secondary air valves of Furnace-101, which are double-acting slide valves. 2.1.1.4 Prepare soapy water and a brush. 2.1.1.5 Open the reverse re-evaporator air connection valve to introduce unpurified air and purified air into the two-vessel system; activate all types of reverse-blow air in the two-vessel system as well as the instrument reverse-blow air, and ensure smooth flow in these systems. 2.1.2 Using air flow to purge process equipment pipelines: 2.1.2.1 The main fan supplies air to the regenerator. 2.1.2.2 Purge for 30 minutes and check that all vents are unobstructed. 2.1.2.3 Close the double-acting slide valve, the DN200 vent valve, and all vent valves; gradually increase the pressure of the two vessels and the external heat exchanger to 0.18 MPa. 2.1.2.4 Use soapy water to check all manholes, flanges, and newly welded joints for leaks and address any issues found; mark areas with leaks and keep records. 2.1.2.5 The remaining boilers are pressurized with steam, up to a maximum pressure of 3.0 MPa. 2.1.2.6 The external hot water and steam pipelines are pressurized with steam to 3.0 MPa. 2.2 Fractionation Station 2.2.1 Establishing crude oil circulation ； The crude oil comes from the tank farm and enters the crude oil buffer tank V-3207; it is then sent to the re-refining tank V-3201 via pump P-3201, and from there to the bottom of the distillation tower via P-3207. Pump P-3208 is used to establish a circulation for the slurry discharge. 2.2.2 E-3211 is used to heat the feed oil during the circulation process. 2.2.3 Maintain stable liquid levels throughout the cycle. 2.3 Stable positions 2.3.1 The stable system establishes a three-tower cycle. III. Heating of the Two Vessels 3.1 Preparation Work 3.1.1 Fill the liquid hydrocarbon vaporization tank (V-3303) with sufficient liquid hydrocarbon; use a heating coil to heat it, keeping the pressure in V-3303 at 0.4–0.5 MPa ； 3.1.2 Gas, diesel, atomization air, and atomization steam are led to furnace 101; tape drains are used for condensate and water removal, and the O2 content in the gas is analyzed