Has it been officially released?

Safety Management System for Chemical Enterprises (issued on April 14, 1991, under Document No. (1991) Hua Lao Zi No. 247) Chapter 1 General Provisions Article 1 In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China regarding the need to \"strengthen labor protection and improve working conditions,\" and in order to implement various safety regulations, systems, and standards, protect property, ensure the safety and health of employees during the production process, and promote the development of the chemical industry, this system is formulated. 　　Article 2: All chemical enterprises (including chemical mines, chemical machinery manufacturers, and units engaged in chemical infrastructure construction) must strictly abide by this system. 　　Article 3: Enterprises shall earnestly implement the principle of \"safety first, prevention foremost,\" create safe and healthy working conditions for all operations, and achieve safe and civilized production. 　　Article 4: Enterprises shall take all possible measures to comprehensively strengthen safety management, safety technology, and safety education in order to prevent accidents. 　　Article 5: In addition to implementing this system, enterprises must also strictly comply with ** and all relevant safety regulations, systems, and standards issued by various ministries and commissions. 　　Chapter 2 Responsibilities for Safe Production Section 1 Basic Principles Article 6 The safety work in enterprises is under the responsibility of administrative authorities at all levels. 　　Article 7: The leadership at all levels of the enterprise, as well as its functional departments, shall be responsible for ensuring safe and civilized production within their respective areas of responsibility, while also being accountable to their respective administrative superiors. 　　Article 8: Everyone is responsible for safe production. Every employee in an enterprise must earnestly fulfill their respective safety duties, ensuring that each person knows their responsibilities and fulfills them. 　　Section 2: Safety Responsibilities of Personnel at All Levels Article 9: Safety Responsibilities of the Plant Manager (Director) (1) The plant manager (director) is the person responsible for safety in the enterprise and bears overall responsibility for its safety efforts; he/she must strictly implement all relevant production regulations, systems, and standards. 　　(II) Pay attention to the working conditions of employees as well as the safety and industrial hygiene standards in enterprises, and give emphasis to the protection of female workers. 　　(III) Approve and issue the enterprise’s various safety management systems, safety technical regulations, plans for safety technical measures, and long-term plans. 　　(IV) Regularly go to the sites to understand the situation regarding work safety, carry out research on safety technologies, promote advanced safety technologies and management methods, and approve plans for preventing and handling major disasters and accidents. 　　(5) Establish and improve safety organizations and institutions; based on actual conditions, assign and strengthen safety professionals at a rate of 2 to 5 per thousand of the total number of enterprise employees, improve the quality of these professionals, and maintain a stable team of specialists. 　　(VI) Hold regular meetings on work safety to promptly study and resolve major issues related to work safety, and examine important safety technical aspects in the introduction of technologies (equipment) and the development of new products. 　　(7) Organize plant-wide safety education and assessment activities. 　　(8) Adhere to the principle of \"five simultaneities,\" that is: when planning, arranging, inspecting, summarizing, and evaluating production, safety work should also be planned, arranged, inspected, summarized, and evaluated simultaneously. 　　(9) In all levels of contracting implemented within an enterprise, as well as in various contracting agreements with external parties, provisions regarding safety and technical standards, safety management requirements, and safety responsibilities must be included, and these provisions must be carefully evaluated. 　　(10) In the absence of the plant director (manager), the substitute shall be responsible. 　　(11) The deputy plant director (deputy manager) is responsible for safe production within the scope of work designated by the plant director (manager). 　　Article 10 Safety Responsibilities of the Chief Engineer (or Chief Technical Officer) (1) Under the leadership of the plant director (manager), be fully responsible for the enterprise’s safety and technical work. 　　(II) Organize the formulation, revision, and approval of various safety management systems and safety technical regulations for the enterprise, and organize the preparation of technical measure plans, schemes, as well as long-term safety technology plans. 　　(III) Assist the plant manager in organizing safety technology research, handle complex or major safety technology issues, and promote the use of advanced safety technologies and protective devices. 　　(IV) Organize the formulation of safety education plans for approval, and participate in the safety education and assessment of cadres. 　　(5) Approve major process treatment, maintenance, and construction safety technical plans, and review safety technical issues related to the introduction of technologies (equipment) and the development of new products. 　　(VI) Approve special hot work permits and participate in the technical analysis of major accidents. 　　(7) The deputy chief engineer (or the person in charge of technical affairs) is responsible for the safety and technical aspects within the scope of work under their responsibility, under the leadership of the chief engineer. 　　Article 11: Safety Responsibilities of the Workshop Director (1) The workshop director is the person responsible for safety in the workshop and bears full responsibility for its safety efforts, ensuring that all relevant safety regulations, systems, and standards are properly implemented. 　　(II) Formulate and revise workshop safety technical regulations and safety production management systems, prepare plans and schemes for workshop safety technical measures, and organize their implementation after approval. 　　(III) Organize safety activities such as safety production competitions, and summarize and exchange experiences in safety production. 　　(IV) Organize and implement workshop-level safety education, and supervise and inspect team-level safety education. 　　(5) Organize employees to receive education on safety awareness and safety techniques, and conduct regular assessments. Issue safety operation certificates for newly hired independent workers. 　　(VI) Organize regular and irregular safety inspections at the workshop level to ensure that equipment, safety devices, and protective facilities are in good condition. Identify potential hazards and arrange for corrective actions promptly; if the workshop is unable to carry out these corrections, temporary safety measures should be taken, and a written report should be submitted to the factory management without delay. 　　(7) Organize or participate in the investigation and handling of various accidents in the workshop, and report them in a timely manner as required. 　　(8) Establish and improve safety and fire prevention organizations, and lead and support the work of safety officers in workshops and teams. 　　(IX) The deputy director (shift supervisor, shift leader) is responsible for work safety within the scope of duties designated by the director. 　　Article 12: Safety Responsibilities of the Shift Leader (1) Organize the workers in the shift to study and implement the factory and workshop regulations regarding safe production. 　　(II) Organize safety education at the team (section) level, and oversee the safety and technical assessments for newly recruited personnel. And fill out the safety work permit. 　　(III) Ensure proper preparation for safe production in the respective work section, organize the inspection, maintenance, and upkeep of safety devices and facilities to guarantee their completeness and good condition. 　　(IV) Organize or participate in the investigation of general accidents, and implement safety prevention measures. 　　(5) Organize safety production competitions within the own work section to maintain normal production order there. 　　Article 13: Safety Responsibilities of Class Leaders (1) Organize employees to study and implement the factory and workshop regulations regarding work safety. 　　(II) Organize safety education at the team level. 　　(III) Regularly organize safety activities, strictly implement the shift handover system, ensuring that safety is discussed before each shift, checked during the shift, and summarized after it. 　　(IV) Check the process parameters for the relevant positions as well as the implementation of various safety regulations; carry out regular inspections and maintenance of equipment and safety facilities, and keep records of such activities. 　　(5) Enforce strict labor discipline, refrain from giving orders that violate regulations; have the authority to stop any illegal operations, supervise and inspect the work of personnel in non-chemical industry roles within one’s jurisdiction, and maintain normal production order. 　　(6) Be responsible for the daily maintenance of protective equipment, safety devices, and fire-fighting gear in this position to ensure they remain in good condition. 　　(7) Any potential hazards identified must be addressed promptly, with records kept. Those that cannot be resolved should be reported to superiors, and control measures should be taken at the same time. In the event of an accident, rescue efforts must be organized immediately, the scene must be preserved, and reports must be submitted without delay. 　　Article 14: Responsibilities of the Workshop Safety Officer (1) The Workshop Safety Officer is supervised in terms of work matters by the safety and technology department and carries out his duties under the direct supervision of the workshop manager. 　　(II) Implement relevant laws, regulations, and standards regarding work safety, and monitor their compliance; participate in the formulation and revision of workshop safety technical procedures and related work safety management systems, and supervise their implementation. 　　(III) Assist the workshop supervisor in formulating safety and technical measures plans and schemes, and supervise their implementation. 　　(IV) Formulate workshop safety activity plans and monitor their implementation. 　　(5) Provide professional guidance to team safety officers, and assist workshop supervisors in carrying out education and assessment on safety awareness and safety skills among employees. 　　(6) Participate in the design of new construction, renovation, and expansion projects for workshops, as well as in the modification of equipment and the review of plans related to changes in process conditions. 　　(7) Conduct thorough on-site safety inspections, prevent illegal instructions and operations; for those who refuse to heed warnings, the authority to suspend their work exists, and the matter shall be reported to superiors for handling. 　　(8) Be responsible for the management of safety devices, protective equipment, and fire-fighting equipment in the workshop. 　　(IX) Responsible for the statistics and reporting of casualties, and participating in accident investigations and analyses. 　　(10) Workshop process engineers, equipment technicians, storage clerks, etc. are responsible for work safety within the scope of duties designated by the workshop supervisor. 　　Article 15 Responsibilities of the Team Safety Officer (1) Assist the team leader in carrying out various safety activities, and propose suggestions for improving safety work. 　　(II) Strictly enforce all regulations and rules related to work safety; have the authority to stop any illegal operations and report them promptly. 　　(III) Supervise and inspect team members to use personal protective equipment, tools, and fire-fighting equipment correctly. 　　Article 16 Workers’ Safety Responsibilities (1) Participate in safety activities, learn safety technical knowledge, and strictly abide by all safety production rules and regulations. 　　(II) Strictly implement the shift handover system; before taking over the shift, it is necessary to carefully check whether the equipment and safety facilities at the respective post are complete and in good condition. 　　(III) Operate with care, strictly follow the procedural guidelines, abide by discipline, and ensure that records are clear, accurate, and well-organized. 　　(IV) Conduct regular inspections, analyze, assess, and address any abnormalities that occur during the production process. 　　(5) Carefully maintain the equipment, eliminate any defects promptly, keep proper records, and maintain a clean working environment. 　　(VI) Use various labor protection equipment, tools, protective devices, and fire-fighting equipment correctly and keep them properly stored. 　　(7) Not to carry out work in violation of regulations, and to advise or prevent others from doing so; having the right to refuse to follow orders that violate such regulations, while also reporting the situation to supervisors promptly. 　　Section 3: Safety Responsibilities of Various Functional Departments Article 17: Safety Responsibilities of the Research and Development Department (including new product development) (1) When researching and developing new products, a safety assessment must be conducted first, and safety measures must be established. When adopting (introducing) new technologies, their safety and reliability must be evaluated first. 　　(II) Responsible for organizing research work in the fields of safety technology and industrial hygiene, and for coordinating efforts to address major and complex issues related to safe production. 　　(III) Work with relevant departments to establish the safety technical requirements for transitioning from pilot tests to pilot-scale production, and from pilot-scale production to industrial-scale manufacturing, and to formulate safety technical regulations. 　　(IV) Provide the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials and products (intermediate products), as well as the safety protection methods. 　　Article 18: Safety responsibilities of the design department 　　(1) Implement the requirement of \"simultaneous implementation of three aspects\" for production and construction projects; design in strict accordance with relevant standards and specifications, ensuring that the designed projects do not have any hidden dangers. (All newly established, expanded, or renovated industrial and mining enterprises, as well as projects aimed at innovation and improvement, must be equipped with facilities to ensure safe production and eliminate the hazards posed by toxic and harmful substances.) These facilities must be designed, constructed, and put into operation simultaneously with the main project, and no cuts may be made to them. ) (II) All design projects must include a special section on occupational safety and health. The safety and health aspects of production equipment design shall be carried out in accordance with the \"General Principles for the Health Design of Production Equipment\" (GB5083–), while the design of electrical equipment shall follow the \"Guidelines for the Safe Design of Electrical Equipment\" (GB4064–). 　　(III) Conduct safety and reliability audits on newly introduced processes and equipment. 　　(IV) Participate in the completion acceptance of the project. 　　Article 19 Safety Responsibilities of the Production Planning Department: (1) Formulating long-term development plans shall include plans for safety technical measures as well as projects to improve working conditions. 　　(II) When planning the necessary safety technical measures, funds must be secured; once allocated, they shall not be used for other purposes. 　　(III) Assist the production technology department in conducting investigations, compiling statistics, and reporting on production (process) accidents, and participate in the investigation of other major accidents. 　　Article 20: Safety responsibilities of the production technology (including production scheduling) department (1) Organize the formulation or revision of production process procedures, operating procedures, and job-specific operation guidelines, and participate in the revision of safety technical regulations. 　　(II) When carrying out innovations and improvements in production technologies, it is necessary to address potential hazards simultaneously to ensure safety. 　　(III) In the event of any abnormalities during production, they must be addressed promptly; in case of dangerous or urgent situations, action should be taken first and then reported. Giving orders in violation of regulations is strictly prohibited. 　　(IV) Responsible for the investigation, statistics, and reporting of production (process) accidents, as well as the formulation of accident prevention measures. 　　Article 21: Safety responsibilities of the safety technology department (1) Implement laws, regulations, and standards related to safe production; assist the factory manager in organizing and promoting safety management efforts; and research and promote modern safety management methods and techniques. 　　(II) Organize the formulation, revision, and review of safety technical regulations, safety management systems, and standards for employees’ personal protective equipment, and carry out supervision and inspection. 　　(III) Organize the preparation, compilation, and review of safety technical measure plans, and urge relevant departments to implement them on schedule. 　　(IV) Organize education for employees on safety awareness, safety management, and safety technology. In collaboration with labor and education departments, regular safety assessments are organized. 　　(5) Participate in the plant-wide safety inspections, and supervise and check the rectification of potential hazards. 　　(6) Be responsible for the safety supervision of boilers, pressure vessels, and gas cylinders, participate in the verification and oversight of safety devices, and maintain proper records. 　　(7) Be responsible for firework operation approvals and related management tasks. 　　(8) Participate in the design review, completion acceptance, and trial operation of new construction, renovation, expansion projects, as well as new product development. 　　(IX) Assist relevant departments in carrying out industrial hygiene tasks such as the prevention and control of occupational diseases. 　　(10) Conduct regular on-site inspections to guide safety work at the grassroots level; have the authority to stop any violations, and for those who ignore warnings, order them to cease work and immediately inform the relevant supervisors. 　　(11) Organize safety production competitions to summarize and promote advanced practices in safety production. 　　(12) Conduct comprehensive analysis of the prominent issues in work safety, and promptly submit suggestions for improvement to leaders or relevant departments. 　　(13) Be responsible for the investigation, statistics, reporting, and documentation of casualty incidents, and participate in the investigation and handling of various major accidents as well as in the assessment of work-related injuries. 　　Article 22: Safety responsibilities of the fire prevention (security) department (1) Responsible for the security of highly toxic substances, explosives, detonation devices, radioactive materials, etc. within the enterprise, as well as for the management of key positions, internal traffic, and fire protection. 　　(II) Conduct regular fire prevention education and publicity, be responsible for the training and management of professional and volunteer firefighters, and organize relevant personnel to carry out fire prevention inspections and drills on a regular basis. 　　(III) Formulate or revise the enterprise’s fire prevention regulations, and supervise their implementation. 　　(IV) Responsible for approving tasks such as open-flame heating (hot work) ； Participate in the review and acceptance work for fire protection in architectural design. 　　(5) Responsible for the planning, procurement, and maintenance of fire-fighting equipment. 　　(VI) Organizing the fight against fires ； Responsible for the investigation, handling, and statistical reporting of fire accidents, sabotage incidents, and industrial accidents on site. 　　Article 23: Reports submitted by the equipment and power department. 　　(1) Responsible for the safe management of equipment power systems as well as industrial buildings and structures. 　　(II) Responsible for organizing regular inspections, tests, and calibrations of industrial buildings, structures, heavy machinery, boilers, pressure vessels, high-pressure piping fittings, gas cylinders, thermal pipelines, and safety devices. 　　(III) Establish systems or approve plans for the manufacturing and modification of relevant equipment, as well as organize the preparation of safety measure plans for major and medium-scale maintenance projects, and ensure their implementation. 　　(IV) When planning and scheduling maintenance tasks, safety measures should also be planned and arranged simultaneously. 　　(5) Organize the timely implementation of the safety technology measures plan and the corrective actions for potential hazards. 　　(6) Responsible for investigating, compiling statistics on equipment accidents, and submitting reports thereon, as well as participating in the handling of major accidents. 　　Article 24 Safety Responsibilities of the Quality Inspection Department (1) Organize the formulation (revision) and supervise the implementation of safety technical regulations and professional operating procedures for the analysis (laboratory testing) system. 　　(II) Responsible for the quality analysis of various chemical raw materials, production intermediates, and products, providing accurate analytical data to ensure quality control. 　　(III) Responsible for investigating and handling quality incidents, and participating in the analysis and measurement of data related to other incidents. 　　Article 25: Safety responsibilities of the infrastructure department (1) Organize the preparation or review of the construction organization plans for infrastructure projects to ensure that they meet safety, fire protection, and health requirements. 　　(II) When signing the construction contract, it is necessary to assess the qualifications of the contracting unit and establish a construction safety agreement or relevant provisions. 　　(III) Organize safety training for external construction workers upon entry to the facility, as well as safety briefings prior to construction work. 　　(IV) Conduct on-site safety inspections in accordance with seasonal characteristics, and supervise construction workers to comply with the **Safety Technical Regulations for Building Installation Projects** as well as the enterprise’s various safety production regulations. 　　(5) In accordance with the principle of \"simultaneous implementation,\" ensure that the facilities for ensuring safe production and eliminating toxic and harmful factors are completed, inspected, and put into use simultaneously with the main project. 　　(VI) Participating in the investigation and analysis of various major accidents that occur during the construction process. 　　Article 26: Safety responsibilities of supply and distribution sowie transportation departments (1) There must be a system for keeping records of the inspection of purchased materials, equipment, protective gear, and instruments, and these departments are responsible for the quality of such products. 　　(II) When purchasing new chemical substances required for production, testing, and research (including those imported from abroad), it is necessary to understand their physicochemical properties, as well as the requirements for safe use, storage, and transportation, and to obtain written documentation. 　　(III) Strictly enforce the regulations regarding fire prevention and the handling of hazardous materials, and ensure proper management of fire safety, theft prevention, as well as the management of hazardous materials, gas cylinders, and storage and transportation facilities in warehouses. 　　(IV) When selling chemical hazardous materials, it is necessary to check the operating and transportation licenses for such materials held by the transporting party; delivery shall only be permitted if such licenses are available. 　　(5) Conduct regular safety education and assessments for drivers, and work together with the security department to carry out inspections of vehicles used within the factory. 　　(6) Implement strict management of transportation vehicles, vehicles in general, and drivers, and urge relevant personnel to carry out maintenance on such vehicles and ships. 　　(7) Participate in the investigation, analysis, and handling of traffic accidents within the factory. 　　(8) Distribute personal protective equipment and devices in accordance with regulations or standards. 　　Article 27: Security Responsibilities of the Finance Department (1) Expenses for security technical measures shall be listed as a separate item and used exclusively for that purpose. 　　(II) For technical projects whose safety measures have not been implemented, no funds shall be allocated without the approval of the safety and technology department. 　　(III) It is necessary to ensure the rational use of labor protection equipment, health foods, refreshing beverages, and funds for the prevention and control of occupational diseases; expenses without the approval signature from the safety department shall not be reimbursed. 　　Article 28 Safety Responsibilities of Labor and Education Departments (1) Organize safety training for newly assigned employees and relevant personnel (trainees, educators). 　　(II) Implement the regulations regarding working hours for jobs involving hazardous chemicals, as well as the provisions for protecting female workers’ rights; and in accordance with the requirements related to occupational contraindications, carry out proper recruitment of new workers (including temporary employees) and staff reassignment. 　　(III) Implement the principle of balancing work and rest, and control overtime work. 　　(IV) Technical schools run by factories should offer courses on labor protection, which shall be mandatory for all majors. 　　(5) Safety content should be included in pre-employment education and various on-the-job training programs, as well as in technical assessments. 　　(VI) Participate in the investigation of related accidents and the assessment of work-related injuries. 　　Article 29: Safety responsibilities of administrative departments (1) Responsible for the supply and distribution of health foods and refreshing beverages, as well as ensuring good hygiene in food and beverage services. 　　(II) Be responsible for the safety management of the boilers, gas cylinders (tanks), heat exchangers, and machinery in this department, and ensure that they remain in good condition. 　　(III) Ensure the safety, hygiene, and fire prevention in collective dormitories and warehouses. 　　Article 30: Safety responsibilities of medical and industrial hygiene departments (1) Carry out proper employee health checks, prevention and control of occupational diseases, and health monitoring. 　　(II) Participate in the work-related injury assessment and provide the basis for the assessment. 　　(III) Participate in accident rescue and be responsible for the management of medical accidents. 　　Article 31: Safety responsibilities of trade unions (1) Implement and promote **relevant policies, regulations, and systems regarding labor protection, and supervise the administration in ensuring proper safety and industrial hygiene measures within the enterprise. 　　(II) Organize and improve the network for managing and supervising labor protection among workers, assist in ensuring safe passenger transportation at the team level, and educate employees to abide by rules and laws. 　　(III) Regularly study key issues in corporate labor protection efforts, and submit suggestions for improving work safety as well as rationalization recommendations to the administrative authorities. 　　(IV) Participate in mass-based comprehensive safety inspections and seasonal safety inspections, and urge the rectification of potential accident hazards. 　　(5) Urge relevant departments to implement the safety technology measures plan on schedule, and participate in the design review and completion acceptance of new construction, renovation, expansion, and technical transformation projects. 　　(6) In conjunction with relevant departments, organize safety production competitions, select advanced collectives and individuals in terms of safety, and summarize and promote best practices in safety production. 　　(7) Participate in the investigation, analysis, and follow-up handling of casualties and accidents. 　　(8) Ensure proper labor protection for female workers. 　　Chapter 3 Safety Education Section 1 Onboarding Education Article 32 All new employees entering the factory (including new workers, contract workers, temporary workers, outsourced workers, as well as those who are being trained or transferred from other units to this factory) must undergo three levels of safety education: at the factory level, the workshop/department level, and the team/section level. 　　(1) Plant-level training (Level 1) is organized by the labor and welfare department, with the safety technology, industrial hygiene, and fire prevention (security) departments responsible for it. The training content includes: the Party’s and relevant authorities’ guidelines, policies, regulations, and systems regarding safe production, as well as the importance of safe production; general safety knowledge; the characteristics of the plant’s production processes; cases of major accidents; plant rules and regulations; safety precautions upon entering the plant; knowledge on industrial hygiene and the prevention of occupational diseases. Only those who pass the examinations are allowed to be assigned to workshops or units. 　　(II) Workshop-level training (level 2), supervised by the workshop supervisor. The training covers topics such as the production characteristics of the workshop, manufacturing processes and workflows, the performance of key equipment, safety regulations and procedures, lessons learned from accidents, as well as the use of dust and gas prevention facilities and relevant safety precautions. Only those who pass the examination are allowed to be assigned to teams or work groups. 　　(III) Class (shift) level training (level 3), carried out by the class (shift) leader. The training content includes: production tasks and characteristics of the position, structural principles of major equipment, operational precautions, job responsibility systems, safety regulations for the position, safety measures for accidents and their prevention, usage methods of safety devices and tools, as well as personal protective equipment, protective gear, and fire-fighting equipment. 　　The duration of education at each level shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions set forth in the \"Requirements for Strengthening Three-Level Safety Education for New Employees Entering the Factory\" issued by the Ministry of the Chemical Industry. 　　Article 33: Employees who are transferred within the factory (including transfers between workshops) or who have been away from their posts for more than six months must undergo secondary or tertiary safety training. Following that, they must receive on-the-job training; only after passing the examinations and having their results recorded in their \"Safety Operation Certificate\" can they be allowed to return to work. 　　Article 34: For those who come to the enterprise for visits or training, the reception department is responsible for providing them with education on safety precautions and assigning a dedicated person to lead the group. The number of visitors for study tours should not be too large. Functional personnel who participate in labor must also receive appropriate safety training from their employer. 　　Section 2: Daily Education Article 35: Leaders at all levels and various departments shall conduct regular education for employees on safety awareness, safety techniques, and compliance with rules and regulations, in order to enhance their safety consciousness and understanding of the law. Regularly study relevant issues in employee safety education. 　　Article 36: Safety technology and industrial hygiene training should be provided. The safety education rooms should be made full use of, and various methods such as exhibitions, posters, special safety sections, newspapers, and magazines, along with advanced audio-visual teaching tools, should be employed to carry out safety and industrial hygiene education for employees. 　　Article 37: All units shall conduct safety activities on a regular basis, with team safety activities taking place once a week (i.e., on the designated safety day). 　　Article 38: During major overhauls or repairs of key projects, as well as in operations involving high risks (including major construction projects), the safety and technical department shall supervise and guide each repair (construction) unit to carry out safety training prior to such repairs (constructions). 　　Article 39: When employees who have violated regulations or are responsible for major accidents, as well as those who have suffered work-related injuries, resume work, they must receive safety training provided by the leaders of their respective units or the safety and technical departments, and the details of this training shall be recorded in their “Safety Operation Certificates”. 　　The time allocated for daily education shall comply with the relevant provisions of Document No. 0154 on Chemistry and Biology Education issued in 1983. 　　Section 3 Special Education Article 40 Personnel engaged in special operations must undergo safety technology training and assessment in accordance with the requirements of the \"Rules for the Management of Safety Technology Assessment for Personnel Engaged in Special Operations\" (GB5306–). Only after obtaining a special operations certificate may they carry out such operations. 　　Article 41: For special operation personnel, re-evaluations shall be organized within the time frames specified by the relevant competent authorities for each sector. 　　Article 42: Before new processes, technologies, equipment, materials, or products are put into use, specialized training must be provided to the personnel performing the tasks and other relevant staff in accordance with the new safety operating procedures. Only after passing the examinations can they carry out their work independently. 　　Article 43: After a major accident or a serious attempted accident occurs, the enterprise’s supervising authority shall organize relevant personnel to conduct on-site training in order to learn from the lessons of the accident and prevent similar incidents from happening again. 　　Section 4 Safety Assessment Article 44 The safety technology training and assessment for factory-level cadres are organized by the relevant higher-level authorities. 　　Article 45: The safety and technical assessments for other cadres are organized by the personnel department and the safety and technical department. The assessment contents include: (1) **Policies, guidelines, regulations, systems, and standards related to work safety and labor protection. 　　(II) Various enterprise safety production management systems. 　　(III) The enterprise’s production processes and characteristics. 　　(IV) The physical and chemical properties of flammable, explosive, toxic, and harmful substances encountered by this enterprise, their hazards to human health, as well as preventive measures and first-aid principles. 　　(5) Safety management systems and precautions for key positions within the departments or areas of responsibility. 　　(VI) The types and functions of various safety devices in workshops (units), as well as the management methods. 　　(7) The correct methods of using the labor protection equipment and tools in this enterprise, as well as the fire-fighting equipment. 　　(8) Relevant provisions in the \"Safety Production Prohibitions\" issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry. 　　Article 46: The safety and technical assessment of workers shall be organized by the leaders of the workshop (unit), with the safety officer being responsible for its implementation. The assessment contents include: (1) **Policies, regulations, systems, and standards related to safe production and labor protection.** 　　(II) The production characteristics of this workshop (position), as well as the physical and chemical properties of the flammable, explosive, toxic, and harmful substances encountered, their hazards to human health, prevention methods, and principles for first aid. 　　(III) Various safety production regulations and management systems for this workshop (position). 　　(IV) The types and functions of various safety devices in this workshop (position), as well as their maintenance methods. 　　(5) The proper use of personal protective equipment and tools for this position, as well as fire-fighting equipment. 　　(VI) The process flow for this position and safety precautions for starting up and shutting down the operation. 　　(7) Relevant provisions in the \"Orders on Safety Production Prohibitions\" issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry. 　　Chapter 4 Safety Work Permits Section 1 Scope of Issuance Article 47 A safety work permit is a credential confirming an employee’s eligibility to carry out independent work, and its issuance is limited to all workers in the enterprise who are engaged in independent tasks. 　　Article 48: A Safety Operation Certificate is issued to employees who have received training or completed their apprenticeship, possess certain theoretical knowledge of production, and have the skills necessary for safe operation; (for workers in technically complex chemical processing positions, they must undergo retraining in their respective departments/workshops and pass relevant examinations) and are able to carry out specific production tasks independently. 　　Article 49: In addition to obtaining an operating certificate for special operations, personnel engaged in such tasks must also obtain a safety operation certificate issued by their own enterprise. 　　Section 2 Assessment Content and Methods Article 50 The issuance of safety operation certificates requires assessment of the following aspects: (1) Chemical industry workers shall be assessed on the process procedures specific to their positions, operational methods, relevant safety and technical knowledge, industrial hygiene knowledge, operational skills, accident handling capabilities, as well as emergency rescue skills. 　　(II) General-purpose workers (including maintenance personnel for machinery, electrical systems, instruments, etc.) and special-type workers shall be assessed on the safety operation skills required for their respective roles, as well as the related safety theoretical knowledge. 　　Article 51: The Safety Operation Certificate is filled out based on assessments conducted by the workshop; after being signed by the workshop supervisor, it is submitted to the factory’s Safety and Technology Department for issuance. 　　Section 3: Use and Management Article 52: The safety work permit is a document required for employees to carry out their work; all those who are directly engaged in production activities must hold such a permit to work. 　　Article 53 The safety operation certificate shall record the results of safety education assessments and information on rewards and penalties for safety work. 　　Article 54: The safety technology department shall conduct random inspections of safety operation permits at least once a month, while the workshops shall carry out inspections at any time. 　　Article 55: Holders must undergo a safety assessment at least once a year, with the results recorded on their safety work permit. Those who fail the assessment are allowed one retake; if they still fail the retake, their safety work permit shall be revoked and their eligibility to work independently shall be cancelled. In addition to providing them with training to improve their skills, they shall also be subject to financial penalties. 　　Chapter 5 Process Operations Section 1 Operation Article 56 It is necessary to prepare process specifications for the products, and based on these specifications as well as safety management systems, operating procedures must be developed; operations must be carried out strictly in accordance with these procedures. 　　Article 57: Any changes or modifications to process parameters must be issued in writing by the process management department. Operators must abide by process regulations and are not allowed to alter these parameters without authorization. 　　Article 58: Operators must strictly comply with the “Six Strict Requirements for Operators” issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry, and shall not leave their posts without permission. 　　Article 59: Safety accessories and interlocks shall not be removed or disabled arbitrarily, and signals such as sound and light alarms shall not be cut off casually. 　　Article 60 During on-site inspections, it is prohibited to step on facilities such as pipes, valves, wires, cable trays, and various instrument pipelines in order to access dangerous areas; supervision must be provided. 　　Article 61: Strict safety discipline shall be observed; unauthorized personnel are prohibited from entering operation posts and using production equipment, facilities, and tools. 　　Article 62: Properly assess and handle abnormal situations; in emergency cases, actions can be taken first and reported later) including stopping all maintenance operations and notifying uninvolved personnel to evacuate the site). 　　Article 63: Shift handovers shall not be carried out arbitrarily when the production process or mechanical and electrical equipment is in an abnormal state. 　　Section 2: Starting Up the Equipment Article 64: It is necessary to prepare a start-up operation ticket, and check to ensure that water, electricity, and steam meet the requirements for starting up the equipment; moreover, all kinds of raw materials, components, and auxiliary materials must be available in sufficient quantities and of qualified quality. Analysis and verification must be carried out before feeding the material. 　　Article 65: Check the open and closed status of valves as well as the installation of blind plates to ensure smooth operation of the plant’s processes; all mechanical and electrical equipment as well as measuring instruments must be in good condition. 　　Article 66: The equipment for heat retention, pressure maintenance, and cleaning must meet the requirements for operation; if necessary, it should be replaced, cleaned, and analyzed again to ensure it is qualified. 　　Article 67: The safety and fire protection facilities must be in good condition, and communication channels must be unobstructed. When starting up production units with high risks, personnel from the fire protection, gas prevention, and medical and health departments should be notified to be present. 　　Article 68: All maintenance work shall be halted if necessary, and unauthorized personnel are prohibited from entering the site. 　　Article 69: Start the operation once all conditions are met. During the operation, strengthen communication between relevant teams, follow the steps outlined in the operation plan strictly, and adhere rigorously to the requirements regarding the rates of temperature and pressure changes as well as the extent (rate) of load adjustments. 　　Article 70: During operation, close attention must be paid to changes in the process parameters and the performance of the equipment. Communication with relevant positions and departments should be strengthened; any abnormal conditions detected must be addressed promptly. In emergency situations, operation must be halted, and it is strictly prohibited to continue operating despite such conditions. 　　Section 3: Parking Article 71: A parking plan must be prepared, and normal parking operations must be carried out in accordance with the steps outlined in that plan. The automatic stop interlock device used for emergency handling should not be used for normal stops, nor should it be employed to strengthen communication with relevant stations and departments. 　　Article 72: System pressure and temperature reduction must be carried out at the required rates and in the order of high pressure first followed by low pressure. For equipment and containers that require pressure or temperature retention, it is necessary to record the changes in pressure and temperature on schedule after shutdown. 　　Article 73: When shutting down large-scale transmission equipment, the main machine must be stopped first, followed by the auxiliary machines. 　　Article 74: When relieving pressure from equipment (containers), attention must be paid to the release and dispersion of chemically hazardous substances that are flammable, explosive, or toxic, in order to prevent accidents. 　　Article 75: After parking in winter, anti-freezing and insulation measures must be taken. Attention should be paid to low-lying areas, dead corners, as well as water, steam, pipelines, valves, traps, and insulation bypass pipes, to prevent damage due to freezing. 　　Section 4: Emergency Handling Article 76: In the event that an emergency is detected or occurs, every effort must be made to handle it properly first, while simultaneously reporting it to the relevant authorities; if necessary, handling the situation should take place before reporting. 　　Article 77: In the event of abnormalities in processes, mechanical and electrical equipment, etc., measures should be taken promptly, and the relevant personnel should be notified to coordinate the handling; if necessary, an emergency shutdown should be carried out step by step. 　　Article 78: In the event of a power outage, water cut-off, or gas supply interruption, measures must be taken to prevent the system from overheating, overpressuring, experiencing leaks, and to avoid damage to mechanical and electrical equipment. 　　Article 79: In the event of accidents such as explosions, fires, or large-scale leaks, the gas (material) supply must be cut off first, while simultaneously notifying the relevant personnel as soon as possible and reporting to higher authorities. 　　Chapter 6 Management of Key Positions in Production Article 80 Positions that are prone to fire or explosion and pose high risks, warehouses storing flammable, explosive, highly toxic, or radioactive materials, areas where valuable machinery and precision instruments are kept, as well as key positions that have a significant impact on the production process, are all considered key positions. 　　Article 81: Critical positions shall be jointly identified by the safety and fire prevention (security) departments, approved by the factory manager, and filed with the relevant higher-level authorities. The personnel for these positions must possess good moral and technical qualifications, as determined jointly by the company’s labor and welfare department, security department, and the workshops. 　　Article 82 A strict management system for key production positions shall be established and improved. Any external personnel must obtain approval from the factory’s supervising department and, accompanied by a designated person and after registration, may enter critical positions. 　　Article 83: During construction and maintenance work, a supervisor must be assigned to ensure safety measures are in place, and detailed records must be kept. 　　Chapter 7 Fire and Explosion Prevention Section 1 Production Facilities Article 84 In accordance with the classification requirements based on the fire and explosion hazards associated with the production and use of chemical substances, the layout of the factory buildings, their structural design, the selection and installation of electrical equipment, as well as relevant safety facilities, must comply with the requirements set out in the \"Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings\" (GBJ16–), the \"Procedures for Electrical Safety in Explosive Hazardous Areas of the People’s Republic of China\" (provisional version) (issued by the Seventh Ministry and First Commission on December 16, 1987), and the \"Regulations on Fire Protection Design for Refining and Chemical Enterprises\" (YHS01–) among other relevant codes and regulations. 　　Article 85: In those parts of process equipment where fires or explosions may occur, adequate monitoring instruments for overheating and overpressure, as well as alarm (sound and light) systems and safety interlock devices, must be installed. 　　Article 86: In areas where flammable gases (vapors) may leak and spread, detectors and alarms for flammable gas concentrations should be installed. The alarm threshold value should be set at less than 20% of the lower explosive limit of such gases; if integrated with safety interlocks, the interlock action should occur at less than 50% of the lower explosive limit of those gases. 　　Article 87: All automatic control systems shall be equipped with manual control systems in parallel. 　　Article 88: All pipelines for transporting inert gases and assisting gases that are connected to flammable and explosive devices shall be equipped with mechanisms to prevent the entry of such flammable and explosive substances, but valves alone should not be used for this purpose. 　　Article 89: For equipment in which overheating and overpressure may occur due to the exothermic polymerization or decomposition of reaction materials, posing a risk of fire or explosion, facilities such as automatic and manual emergency pressure relief and discharge tanks shall be installed. 　　Article 90: A flame arrester shall be installed at the outlet of the vent pipe for combustible gases (vapors), and a stop valve shall be placed in an easily accessible location so that the gas supply can be cut off to extinguish a fire that occurs at the outlet of the vent pipe. A fire extinguishing pipe fitting should be installed at the lowest point of the vent pipe. 　　Article 91: When transporting flammable materials, an appropriate flow rate should be controlled based on the pipe diameter and the resistivity of the medium, in order to minimize the generation of static electricity. Anti-static measures for equipment, pipelines, etc., shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the \"Technical Specifications for Static Grounding Design in Chemical Enterprises\" (CD90A3–). 　　Article 92: Production or storage equipment subject to sudden overpressure or instantaneous decompression explosions shall be equipped with blast plates (explosion-proof membranes); the outlet of the detonation tube shall face in a safe direction, and measures to prevent secondary explosions and fires shall be taken as necessary. 　　Article 93: At the outlets for industrial wastewater from various production units, buildings, structures, tank farms, etc., in addition to installing water seal wells as required, cut-off valves shall also be installed between these areas and the water seal wells, in order to prevent a large amount of flammable or explosive materials from suddenly entering the wastewater system. 　　Article 94: For safety valves and vent pipes used for flammable and explosive gases, their outlet pipes must be placed outdoors and at a height of more than 2 meters above the building. 　　Section 2: Hot Work and Use of Fire Article 95: Based on the level of fire risk as well as the needs of production, maintenance, construction, and other activities, a \"designated hot work area\" shall be established upon an application submitted by the entity using the area, followed by registration and approval by the factory’s safety and fire prevention departments. All areas outside the designated hot work zones are considered no-fire zones. 　　Article 96 Conditions and requirements for establishing fixed hot work areas: (1) Fixed hot work areas shall be located upwind of the prevailing wind direction in flammable and explosive areas. 　　(II) It should be at least 30 meters away from flammable and explosive factories, tank areas, equipment, manholes, drainage ditches, water seal wells, etc. 　　(III) Fixed indoor welding areas should be separated from other areas by solid firewalls; doors and windows should open outward, and access paths must be unobstructed. 　　(IV) During normal venting or in the event of an accident, combustible gases will not spread into the fixed hot work area. 　　(5) Flammable, explosive, combustible materials and other debris are not allowed in the designated hot work area; a sufficient amount of fire-fighting equipment must be provided. 　　(6) Clear signs should be installed in designated areas where welding is allowed, and dedicated personnel should be assigned to manage them. 　　Article 97: In no-fire zones, except for fires used in production processes, all other long-term operations that can generate flames, sparks, or surface heat (such as electric furnaces, electric heaters, alcohol stoves, tea kettles, etc. used in laboratories) require a fire use permit, the validity period of which shall not exceed one year. The use of electric stoves, gas stoves for heating or warming food is prohibited in the production area. 　　Article 98: The fire use permit shall specify the person in charge, validity period, area where fire is to be used, and safety and fire prevention measures. All fire use permits must be approved by the safety (fire prevention) department, and such permits must be displayed near the area where fire is used for easy reference. 　　Article 99: The use of electric or gas welding (cutting), blowtorches in no-fire zones, as well as the use of electric drills, grinding wheels, etc. in flammable and explosive areas for temporary tasks that generate flames, sparks, or hot surfaces, are all considered hot work, and a hot work permit must be obtained for such activities. 　　Article 100: Hot work is subject to three levels of management: (1) Special hot work refers to hot work that involves special risks in important areas such as operational flammable and explosive production facilities and tank farms. 　　(II) Class I hot work: hot work carried out in flammable and explosive areas (i.e., fire hazard areas of Class A and B). 　　(III) Class II hot work refers to hot work operations other than Class I hot work and special hot work. 　　(IV) For hot work operations in which all equipment in the entire plant, a single workshop, or a separate building is shut down, and after the equipment has been cleaned, purged, and tested to confirm its suitability, along with isolation measures being taken, such operations can be classified as level 2 hot work management, either in full or partially, depending on the degree of fire hazard involved. 　　(5) For hot work during festivals, holidays, or in situations of abnormal production, enhanced management measures should be implemented. 　　(6) The areas where various types of hot work are to be carried out shall be clearly specified by each factory and indicated on the factory’s layout plan. 　　Article 101: Special hot work and Class 1 hot work may only be carried out after passing the analysis; the validity period of such hot work permits is one day (24 hours) ； Secondary hot work also requires analysis; the validity period of a secondary hot work permit is six days (144 hours). 　　Article 102: The hot work permit shall clearly indicate the level of hot work, its valid period, the entity that applied for the permit, the exact location where the hot work will be carried out, the details of the work to be done (including the methods used), the safety and fire prevention measures, the time at which samples were taken for hot work analysis, the sampling locations, the analysis results, the time each time the hot work begins, as well as the signatures and opinions of all responsible persons and approvers at various levels. 　　Article 103: Responsibilities of various responsible persons. 　　(1) The person in charge of the hot work project is fully responsible for carrying out the hot work; they must thoroughly understand the details of the work to be done, as well as the location of the hot work and the conditions surrounding it, before proceeding. Participate in the development of safety measures for working with fire, and explain the tasks and fire safety precautions to the workers. 　　(II) After receiving the hot work permit, the person carrying out the hot work must carefully verify whether all the requirements specified in it have been met and whether the approval procedures are complete. If it is found that the conditions for performing hot work are not met, the right exists to refuse such work and report it to the unit’s fire safety department. The person performing hot work must carry the hot work permit with them at all times; working without a permit or with incomplete approval procedures is strictly prohibited. 30 minutes before each hot work operation (including when resuming work after a break of more than 30 minutes), the hot work permit must be presented to the on-site chemical team leader in charge. 　　(III) The person in charge of overseeing hot work is responsible for conducting safety and fire prevention inspections at the site where hot work is carried out. This role should be assigned to someone who is responsible, experienced, familiar with the site, and knows how to extinguish fires. The supervisor must sign the hot work permit to give their approval. 　　The supervisor must not leave the site during the operation; in case of any abnormal situation, they should immediately order the suspension of work and contact the relevant personnel to take action. After the operation is completed, they must, together with the person in charge of the hot work and the person performing the hot work, check to ensure that all remaining embers are eliminated and that no fire sources remain before leaving the site. 　　(IV) The chemical processing team leader (shift supervisor, section chief) is responsible for coordinating production activities with hot work operations. During such operations, if any emergency or abnormal situation arises in the production system, it is necessary to immediately order that the hot work be stopped. 　　(5) The hot work analyst is responsible for the analysis results; in accordance with the requirements of the hot work permit and the conditions on site, they shall personally take samples for analysis, fill in the sampling time and analysis results accurately on the hot work permit, and sign to confirm it. 　　(6) Review and approval authorities at all levels must bear full responsibility for the approval of hot work. They must go to the site in person to thoroughly understand the area where the hot work will be carried out and its surrounding conditions, assess and determine the level of risk associated with such work, examine and improve fire safety measures, and verify that all procedures for approving hot work permits are followed. Only after confirming that all safety conditions are met can they sign off on the approval of the hot work. 　　Article 104: The authority for final approval of firework classification is stipulated as follows: For Class 1 fireworks, the supervisor of the workshop to which the unit belonging belongs shall conduct a recheck, and then submit the request to the factory’s safety (fire prevention) department for final approval. 　　Level 2 hot work requires final approval by the supervisor of the grassroots unit to which the area where the work is to be carried out belongs. 　　Special hot work must be reviewed by the plant’s safety (fire prevention) department before being submitted to the plant manager or chief engineer for final approval. 　　Article 105: Flaming analysis shall comply with the following provisions: (1) The samples taken must be representative, and the analysis samples for special flaming operations shall be retained until the completion of such operations. 　　(II) The interval between sampling and hot work must not exceed 30 minutes; if this interval is exceeded or if the work is interrupted for more than 30 minutes, sampling and analysis must be carried out again. 　　(III) When using a detonation detector (or other similar devices) for analysis, such device must be calibrated and verified to be accurate using standard samples of the object under test. 　　Article 106: The following standards shall be followed for hot work analysis: (1) When using an explosive detector, the concentration of the gas or vapor in the area being tested shall be less than or equal to 20% of the lower explosive limit (on a volume basis). The same applies below). 　　(II) When other analytical methods are used, if the lower explosive limit concentration of the gas or vapor being tested is 10% or higher, its concentration should be less than 1% ； When the lower explosive limit concentration is 4% or higher, it should be less than 0.5%; when the lower explosive limit concentration is less than 4%, it should be less than 0.2%. 　　Article 107: The following relevant regulations shall also be observed when performing hot work: (1) For any work involving hot work on equipment, pipelines, or other components that may be in contact with flammable materials, blind plates must be used to completely isolate and sever the connection to the system; if necessary, a section of the connecting pipeline should be removed. 　　(II) For equipment, pipelines, containers, etc., that contain flammable or combustible materials, work must not commence until deposits have been removed, the units have been cleaned, and replacement analysis has shown satisfactory results. If working with fire inside a piece of equipment is required, a “Work Permit for Equipment Interior” must also be obtained. ” 　　(III) When working with fire in containers or equipment made of flammable materials such as resins and plastics, proper fire isolation measures must be taken to prevent fires caused by hot welding slag. 　　(IV) Appropriate fire-fighting equipment or extinguishing measures should be available at the area where welding is carried out. 　　(5) In case of winds of force 5 or above, outdoor welding operations must be suspended. 　　Section 3: Fire Protection Organizations and Facilities Article 108: Adhere to the fire protection policy of \"prevention first, combined prevention and suppression,\" adopt advanced fire prevention, explosion prevention, and disaster relief technologies, and implement target management. 　　Article 109: Enterprises must establish a fire safety committee composed of senior management and leaders of various functional departments ； The workshop shall establish a fire safety leadership team as well as a voluntary fire fighting organization under its leadership. 　　Article 110: Fire protection organizations shall formulate fire protection work plans based on the characteristics of the enterprise, its production and maintenance activities, as well as seasonal changes. They shall implement target management for fire protection, carry out regular fire protection education and training, and conduct drills in conjunction with accident simulations. 　　Article 111: Strict management shall be exercised over all flammable and explosive materials, as well as over the processes of production, storage, transportation, sales, and use that may pose a risk of fire or explosion, along with the equipment related to these processes. 　　Article 112: Enterprises shall, based on factors such as production scale, fire risk, and the fire protection support that can be provided by nearby related units, determine the appropriate fire protection facilities and equipment for the handling of products during production, storage, and transportation in accordance with relevant requirements set forth in ** regulations, ministerial guidelines, and other applicable standards. 　　Article 113: Fixed fire-fighting facilities installed within an enterprise shall be under the management of dedicated personnel, and operating procedures and management systems shall be established; regular tests shall be conducted on these facilities. 　　Article 114: Fire-fighting equipment shall be placed in locations that are visible, easily accessible, and safe. It must be inspected regularly, following the principle of \"three fixings\" (fixed location, fixed model and quantity, and fixed person responsible for maintenance), and must not be used for other purposes. 　　Article 115: In the event of a fire, those present at the scene should immediately extinguish the fire and alert the fire department as well as the plant’s main control center, indicating the substance that is on fire. Someone should also be sent to the intersection to guide the fire trucks, showing them the route to take and where the fire-fighting water sources are located. Volunteer firefighters must cooperate actively in putting out the fire and maintaining order at the scene. 　　Section 1: Other Fire Safety Regulations Article 116: Implement the Decision of the Ministry of Chemical Industry on Banning Smoking in Chemical Enterprises (No. 892 [87] Huashengzi). 　　Article 117: Motor vehicles are prohibited from entering areas where flammable and explosive materials are produced, as well as warehouses storing such flammable and explosive chemicals. Motor vehicles that must enter the aforementioned areas shall be equipped with flame arresters or other safety measures. 　　Article 118: It is strictly prohibited to use flammable liquids such as gasoline to clean motor vehicles, equipment, floors, and clothing. 　　Article 119: Used oil-soaked cotton yarn, oil-paper, and other flammable cleaning materials must always be placed in covered, dedicated metal containers and stored in a safe location, with regular removal of such materials. 　　Article 120: Liquefied petroleum gas cylinders that are not for production use shall not be stored arbitrarily within the factory area, and flammable and combustible liquids such as alcohol shall not be kept in offices or cabinets (rooms). 　　Article 121: It is strictly prohibited to construct buildings or structures or stack various materials within fire separation distances or fire access routes. 　　Article 122: It is strictly prohibited to pile up flammable materials under high-voltage lines. The distance between flammable and explosive factories, warehouses, and installations and high-voltage lines should be more than 1.5 times the height of the high-voltage line poles. 　　Article 123: Units that develop new materials and products that are flammable or explosive, as well as new equipment and processes that pose a risk of fire or explosion, must propose specific measures to prevent fires and explosions for each project they develop. 　　Article 124: Units that employ new equipment, new processes with fire and explosion hazards, as well as new combustible and flammable materials must take fire safety measures in accordance with the specific methods for preventing fires and explosions provided by the developing department. Only after obtaining approval from the higher-level competent authority may they commence production. 　　Article 125: The use of tools that may generate sparks is prohibited in flammable and explosive areas. 　　Article 126: In flammable and explosive areas, it is prohibited to wear work uniforms made of synthetic fibers that can generate static electricity sparks, as well as shoes with iron nails. 　　Article 127: When fighting fires involving toxic or harmful substances, one should position themselves upwind and wear protective equipment if necessary. 　　Article 128: Enterprises that produce or use chlorine gas, gas, acetylene gas, oxygen, and hydrogen shall also comply with relevant regulations such as the \"Safety Regulations for Chlorine Gas\" (GB11984–), the \"Safety Regulations for Gas in Industrial Enterprises\" (GB6222–), the \"Design Code for Urban Gas\" (TJ28–), the \"Design Code for Acetylene Stations\" (TJ31–), the \"Provisional Safety Supervision Regulations for Dissolved Acetylene Cylinders\" ([81] Laozong Guozi No. 10), the \"Provisional Regulations on Safety Management of Dissolved Acetylene Production\" ([89] Huagong Zi No. 0073), the \"Design Code for Oxygen Stations\" (TJ30–), and the \"Technical Regulations for Safe Use of Hydrogen\" (GB4962–). 　　Article 129: Garage facilities shall comply with relevant regulations such as the Code for Fire Protection Design of Garages (GBJ67–). 　　Article 130: The management of various material warehouses shall, in addition to complying with the regulations regarding warehouse management, also adhere to the relevant provisions in Chapters 8 and 9 of these rules. 　　Article 131: Other provisions related to fire prevention and explosion protection shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant sections of this system as well as the requirements of other relevant systems. 　　Chapter 8: Hazardous Materials Section 1: General Provisions Article 132: Enterprises that produce, use, handle, or transport chemical hazardous materials must strictly comply with regulations such as the \"Regulations on the Safety Management of Chemical Hazardous Materials\" and its implementation rules, as well as other relevant laws, systems, and standards, and must establish a management system for chemical hazardous materials. For items that fall outside the scope of chemical hazard management but still pose certain risks, as well as other hazardous materials, **relevant regulations must be followed to ensure proper management. 　　Article 133: The transportation of hazardous materials must strictly comply with the relevant provisions set out in the \"Rules for the Transportation of Hazardous Goods\" (applicable to railway transportation) (issued in Document No. Tieyun [1987] 802) and the \"Rules for the Transportation of Hazardous Goods by Road\" (JT3130–). 　　Article 134: The use and transportation of radioactive materials shall also comply with the relevant provisions set out in the Basic Standards for Radiation Health Protection (GB4792–). 　　Article 135: The packaging containers for hazardous materials must be sturdy and airtight, and must bear special markings as well as the name of the material in accordance with the provisions of the \"Marking for Packaging of Dangerous Goods\" (GB190–) issued by **. For flammable and explosive chemical hazards, data on their physical and chemical properties as well as toxicological characteristics (such as flash point, melting point, auto-ignition temperature, explosion limits, etc.), along with precautions for fire prevention, explosion control, firefighting, and safe transportation, must be included in the instruction manual; otherwise, they shall not be released from the factory. 　　Article 136: Personnel with a strong sense of responsibility, who have passed training and assessments and are familiar with hazardous materials as well as safety protection measures, shall be assigned to manage hazardous materials. 　　Section 2: Production and Use Article 137: The workshop shall, in accordance with production needs, specify the storage period, location, and maximum allowable quantity for hazardous materials. The components of raw materials and finished products should be confirmed through testing. Materials with conflicting properties for production preparation must not be placed in the same area; they need to be separated clearly. 　　Article 138: Whenever ** products are used, they must be retrieved as needed, and the quantity taken shall not exceed what is required for that shift; any remaining amount must be returned promptly. The processed detonators must be stored separately; it is strictly prohibited to bring them along personally, store them privately, or use them. Detonators must not be used for any activities other than those related to production. 　　Article 139: Facilities for the production and use of highly toxic substances, as well as their operators, must strengthen safety technical measures and personal protective measures. 　　(1) Safety technical measures 　　(1) Reform process technologies and adopt safe production conditions to prevent and reduce the release of toxic substances. 　　(2) Replace open operations with closed, isolated, and ventilated operations. 　　(3) Strengthen equipment management to eliminate leaks and losses. 　　(II) Personal protective measures. 　　(1) Equip with specialized personal protective equipment and tools, have them kept in charge by designated personnel, and conduct regular inspections to ensure they remain in good condition. 　　(2) Direct contact with highly toxic substances is strictly prohibited, and eating and drinking are not allowed in production and usage areas. 　　(3) Wear labor protection equipment properly; after completing work, the work clothes must be changed and cleaned before leaving the work site. 　　(4) In areas where highly toxic substances are stored, a certain quantity of emergency antidotes should be available. 　　(III) The rescue of poisoned persons shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions set out in Section 2, Chapter 13 of this regulation. 　　Article 140: When using liquefied gases of compressed gases (such as liquid chlorine, liquid oxygen, acetylene, liquefied petroleum gas, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.), there should be a residual pressure in the gas cylinder, not less than 0.05 megapascals (MPa), to prevent other substances from entering. 　　Article 141: The use of open flames is prohibited for heating flammable materials. In processes such as high-temperature reactions or distillation, where it is necessary to use flue gas, organic heat carriers, electric heating, etc., strict isolation measures must be taken. 　　Article 143: Enterprises that produce or use hazardous materials shall, in light of the fire hazards and toxicity levels present during the production process, take necessary measures such as exhaust ventilation, ventilation systems, pressure relief, explosion prevention, prevention of backfire, static electricity discharge, emergency material release, and automatic alarm systems. 　　Article 144: When transporting toxic and hazardous materials, measures shall be taken to prevent leaks. 　　Article 145: When transporting solid oxidizers, flammable solids, etc., friction and impact must be prevented. 　　Article 146: For installations handling large quantities of highly flammable, explosive, or highly toxic substances that are prone to gas leakage or material leakage, safety devices that can quickly stop the feed process in order to prevent such leaks must be installed. Additionally, methods for capturing, neutralizing, and recovering any lost hazardous materials should be available to prevent the situation from worsening. 　　Article 147: Steam (water) pipelines used for producing toxic and harmful gases such as water gas must be separated from pipelines for domestic use; work gas (liquid) pipelines with different purposes should be connected to each other. 　　Article 148: The discharge of wastewater, waste gas, waste residues, and dust generated during production and use must comply with **relevant emission standards; wastes that may undergo chemical reactions to create new hazards shall not be discharged together. 　　Section 3: Loading, Unloading and Transportation Article 149: When shipping hazardous goods, relevant certificates must be presented, and procedures must be followed at the designated railway, transportation, shipping, and other authorities. The goods shipped must correspond to the items listed on the shipping document. For hazardous goods that are not included in the **list of permitted items**, a technical assessment report approved by the higher-level competent authority must be attached. 　　Article 150: Personnel responsible for loading, unloading, and transporting hazardous materials shall wear appropriate protective equipment depending on the nature of the hazardous materials being handled. They must handle them gently during loading and unloading; throwing, dragging, applying heavy pressure, or causing friction is strictly prohibited. The packaging containers must not be damaged, and attention must be paid to the labels as well as to proper stacking of the materials. 　　Article 151: Before loading or unloading hazardous materials, the vehicles (ships) and handling equipment must be properly ventilated and cleaned to ensure that no residues remain; for vehicles (ships) carrying highly toxic substances, they must be thoroughly washed after unloading. 　　Article 152: When transporting items such as explosives, highly toxic substances, radioactive materials, flammable liquids, and combustible gases, transport vehicles that meet safety requirements must be used. 　　(1) The use of battery-powered vehicles, dump trucks, forklifts, bicycles, etc. to transport **goods is prohibited. When transporting strong oxidizers, explosives, and Class 1 flammable liquids packaged in iron drums, railway cars with iron bottom plates and truck trailers shall not be used if no reliable safety measures are in place. 　　(II) It is prohibited to use forklifts, loaders, and dump trucks to transport hazardous materials such as flammable and explosive liquefied gases. 　　(III) When transporting hazardous materials such as liquefied gases and flammable liquids in areas with high temperatures, sun protection facilities must be available. 　　(IV) Radioactive materials shall be handled using specialized transport vehicles and carriers; the loading and unloading machinery should have its load capacity reduced by 25% as specified. 　　(5) Water-reactive substances and toxic substances shall not be transported by small motor sailboats, small wooden boats, or cement boats. 　　Article 153: When transporting explosive, highly toxic, and radioactive materials, a dedicated escort must be assigned, and the number of escorts shall not be less than 2. 　　Article 154: Vehicles transporting hazardous materials must maintain a safe speed and proper following distance; overtaking, speeding, and forced passing are strictly prohibited. The routes taken to transport hazardous materials must be approved in advance by the local public security traffic authorities; transportation must take place along designated routes and at specified times, and it is not allowed to drive or stop on busy streets. 　　Article 155: Motor vehicles transporting flammable and explosive materials shall be equipped with flame arresters on their exhaust pipes, and shall display a “Hazardous Materials” sign. 　　Article 156: When operating steam locomotives for shunting, for vehicles carrying flammable or explosive materials, no fewer than two buffer cars must be attached, and it is strictly prohibited to allow such vehicles to roll without control. 　　Article 157: When transporting bulk solid hazardous materials, it shall be done in accordance with their nature. Take measures such as fire prevention, explosion prevention, water resistance, dust control, and shading. 　　Section 4: Disposal Article 158: The packaging boxes, paper bags, bottles, barrels, etc., used for highly toxic substances must be strictly managed. The materials department shall undertake their unified collection, keep records of them, and assign dedicated personnel to oversee their management. 　　(1) Iron packaging containers shall not be repurposed unless they are thoroughly cleaned. 　　(II) The packaging containers must be destroyed under the supervision of a designated person assigned by the safety and security department. 　　Article 159: The disposal of waste such as chemical hazardous materials and radioactive substances must be preceded by an application, the establishment of thorough safety measures, and approval from the relevant local authorities before it can be carried out. 　　Article 160: Whenever containers, equipment, and pipelines to be removed contain hazardous materials, they must first be thoroughly cleaned; only after passing inspection can they be scrapped. 　　Article 161: Chemical hazardous waste generated during the production process must be subject to strict management and shall not be disposed of together with ordinary garbage. 　　Chapter 9 Material Storage Section 1 Basic Requirements Article 162 The architectural design of warehouses and storage tank areas shall comply with the provisions of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GBJ16–), the Rules for Fire Safety Management of Warehouses (Order No. 6 issued by the Ministry of Public Security on March 23, 1990), the Regulations on Safety Management of Chemical Hazardous Materials (issued by the State Council on February 17, 1987), and the Provisions on Fire Protection Design for Refining and Petrochemical Enterprises (YHS01–). 　　Article 163: Material storage areas shall be equipped with sufficient and appropriate fire-fighting equipment according to the nature of the items stored, and shall also be fitted with fire communication and alarm devices. 　　Article 164: Management must be strengthened by establishing and improving systems for fire prevention responsibilities at various positions, regulations for controlling sources of fire and electricity, gatekeeping procedures, duty rotation systems, as well as various operational protocols, in order to ensure effective fire prevention, flood control, and theft prevention. 　　Article 165: In warehouses, stacking and storage tank areas, clear fire protection grade signs shall be installed, and passages, entrances and exits, as well as roads leading to fire-fighting facilities, shall be kept unobstructed. 　　Section 2 Warehouse Management Article 166 Enterprises shall establish a system for inspecting goods upon receipt, to verify and check the specifications, quality, and quantity of the goods entering the warehouse. Items without a place of origin, label, or inspection certificate shall not be stored in the warehouse. 　　Article 167: Safety measures to eliminate sources of fire must be implemented in warehouses (stacks) storing flammable and explosive materials. 　　Article 168: The distribution of items shall be carried out in strict accordance with the prescribed procedures, with thorough verification. The distribution of chemical hazardous materials must be strictly controlled, with the competent authorities conducting regular inspections and approvals. 　　Article 169: The storage of hazardous materials must strictly comply with the regulations regarding their mixing; hazardous materials that cannot be mixed must be kept strictly separated from one another. 　　(1) Radioactive materials and highly toxic substances must not be stored in the same warehouse as other hazardous materials. 　　(II) **It must not be stored in the same warehouse as detonation equipment. 　　(III) Oxidizers or oxidizing acids must not be stored in the same warehouse as flammable materials. 　　(IV) Cylinders containing gases with incompatible filling properties shall not be stored in the same warehouse. 　　(5) When hazardous materials are stored in the same warehouse as ordinary items, a certain distance should be maintained between them. 　　(VI) Hazardous materials such as those that catch fire when in contact with water, are flammable, prone to spontaneous combustion, or are liquefied gases must not be stored in low-lying warehouses or open areas. 　　Article 170 Highly toxic, **, and radioactive drugs shall be stored separately, and a management system of two persons, two locks, and two records must be implemented. The user unit must have two persons collect it, using the \"Hazardous Materials Receipt (Return) Form\" approved by the security department. 　　Article 171: In warehouses storing flammable and combustible materials, operations such as testing, repackaging, sealing, maintenance, and welding must not be carried out in the vicinity of the stacks. If there are special requirements, it must be reported by the person in charge of the warehouse (stacking area), approved by the relevant company leaders, and safety measures must be taken before such actions can be carried out. After the task is completed, ensure that there are no sources of fire before leaving the site. 　　Article 172: The custodian shall provide the necessary protective equipment and devices in accordance with the nature of the hazardous materials being stored. 　　Article 173: Stacks of self-igniting and flammable materials shall be placed in locations with low temperatures and good ventilation, and ventilation and cooling devices shall be installed. 　　Article 174: The packaging containers for Category A and Category B items shall be sturdy and airtight. In the event of damage, defects, deformation, or deterioration or decomposition of the items, appropriate safety measures shall be taken promptly. 　　Article 175: Offices and rest rooms are not allowed to be established in warehouses storing Category A and Category B items, nor is it permitted for anyone to reside there. At the end of each workday, a safety check should be conducted, followed by closing the doors and windows and turning off the power before leaving. 　　Section 3 Management of Tank Areas Article 176: All types of pressure-bearing tanks shall comply with China’s relevant regulations on pressure vessels, and their safety accessories such as level gauges, pressure gauges, thermometers, vent valves, flame arresters, and safety valves must be intact and in good working condition. 　　Article 177: The insulation materials for storage tanks and pipelines of flammable and combustible liquids as well as liquefied petroleum gas, as well as loading/unloading platforms, safety ladders, and pipe racks, shall all be constructed from non-combustible materials. 　　Article 178: For storage tanks of liquefied petroleum gas and flammable liquids with a flash point below 28°C and a boiling point below 85°C, cooling water spray systems shall be installed in the absence of insulation measures in order to achieve temperature reduction during summer. The electrical switches for such systems should be placed away from the fire prevention (protection) dikes; it is not permitted to install them inside these dikes. 　　Article 179: Within areas where flammable and combustible liquids and gases are stored, no pipes or cables that are not related to the storage tanks shall pass through. When pipes or cables related to the storage area pass through the fire barrier, the openings there should be filled with non-combustible materials; cables should preferably be laid by crossing the fire barrier. 　　Article 180: The drainage pipes of the fire (protection) dikes in tank areas shall be equipped with oil separation tanks or water seal wells as appropriate, and a shut-off valve shall be installed on the outlet pipes; or the outlets shall be blocked with soil when no drainage is required. 　　Article 181: The lightning protection and anti-static grounding systems for storage tanks shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations such as the \"Design Code for Oil Depots\" (GBJ74–). 　　Chapter 10 Electrical Safety Section 1 Safety in Electrical Operations Article 182: Electrical workers must strictly abide by the \"Safety Regulations for Electrical Work\" (No. 113, [77] Water and Electricity Safety Document). Article 183: Preventive measures and safety inspections should be carried out based on the actual conditions of the unit and the seasonal characteristics; any issues identified must be resolved promptly. 　　Article 184: The site shall be equipped with safety equipment, protective gear, fire-fighting equipment, etc., and these items shall be regularly inspected and tested. 　　Article 185: The operation and maintenance of electrical equipment and wiring in flammable and explosive environments must comply with the \"General Requirements for Explosion-Proof Electrical Equipment for Use in Explosive Environments\" (GB3836?) 1－) shall be implemented in accordance with the «Regulations on Electrical Safety in Explosive Hazardous Areas of the People’s Republic of China» (provisional). 　　Article 186: Electrical equipment must be equipped with a reliable grounding (neutral connection) system, and lightning protection and anti-static facilities must be in good condition; regular inspections should be carried out annually. 　　Article 187: Electrical work must be carried out by personnel who have received professional training, passed relevant assessments, and hold valid electrical work operation certificates. 　　Article 188: Electrical workers must wear appropriate personal protective equipment as required before starting work, and must use electrical tools that meet safety standards correctly. 　　Article 189: Substations and distribution stations must establish on-site operating procedures that suit the specific conditions at those locations, and the responsibilities of the personnel on duty shall be clearly specified in such procedures. 　　Article 190: Operators shall strictly implement the systems for operation tickets, work tickets, work permits, work supervision, as well as the systems for work interruptions, transfers, and completion. 　　Article 191: Whether the high-voltage equipment is energized or not, the duty personnel shall not remove the barriers or cross them to carry out work alone. If it is necessary to remove the barriers, a supervisor must be present, and the safety distance required to ensure that the equipment remains de-energized must be maintained. 　　Article 192: During thunderstorm weather, when it is necessary to inspect outdoor high-voltage equipment, the inspectors must wear insulating shoes and must not approach lightning protection devices. 　　Article 193: When performing switching operations on high-voltage equipment and large-capacity low-voltage panels, or when working near live equipment, it must be carried out by two persons, with a technically skilled person acting as the supervisor. 　　Article 194: When the power supply unit contacts the user (dispatcher) to carry out electrical switching operations, the on-duty personnel must repeat the instructions to confirm their accuracy, and record the details of the communication, the time, and the name of the person who made the contact. 　　Article 195: Personnel operating electrolytic rectifiers shall also comply with the following provisions: (1) Adopt voltage regulation and current stabilization methods to maintain constant-current operation. 　　(II) The initial startup voltage of the cell must be lower than the polarization voltage value. 　　(III) The chlorine-hydrogen treatment station and the rectifier station shall be equipped with displays showing the operating status of equipment such as chlorine pumps and hydrogen pumps, as well as audible and visual alarm signals for emergency total power outages and emergency current reductions; regular testing shall also be carried out. 　　(IV) In the event of a fire in the hydrogen system, it is necessary to prevent a negative pressure from developing within the system; stopping the direct current supply through electrolysis should not be used as a solution. When a fire breaks out in a single cell due to an interruption in the salt water inside that cell, it is necessary to reduce the direct current flow or completely shut off the power supply. 　　Article 196: Electric furnace operators shall also comply with the following provisions: (1) Operating procedures for the electric furnace transformer, short circuits, and the conductive systems on site shall be established. 　　(II) The inspection of electric furnace transformers and other equipment shall be the responsibility of the on-duty electrician, and the inspection routes, frequency, and contents should be clearly specified in the routine inspection system. 　　(III) It is necessary to regularly record data such as current, voltage, power, the oil temperature on the upper layer of the transformer, the temperatures at various points in the cooling system, oil pressure, and water pressure, in order to enhance comprehensive analysis. 　　(IV) The oil pressure in the transformer oil cooling system must be 0.05–0.1 MPa higher than the water pressure in the water cooling system. 　　Article 197: Electrostatic mist (dust) removal must comply with the following provisions: (1) The high-voltage direct current power supply used for electrostatic mist or dust removal shall supply the highest voltage appropriate to the amount of gas to be treated, its concentration, or the maximum charge on the dust particles, in order to maintain the maximum field strength and the maximum corona current. 　　(II) The power supply for mist removers and dust collectors should be equipped with automatic voltage and current stabilization devices, ensuring that the maximum voltage remains slightly below the flashover limit voltage. In the event of a short-circuit fault or overload, it should be possible to quickly cut off the high voltage automatically and trigger an alarm. 　　(III) The power distribution control cabinet and the high-voltage rectifier oil tank must be grounded, with a grounding resistance of less than 4 ohms. 　　(IV) The high-voltage rectifier tanks and associated high-voltage equipment shall be installed in a dedicated separate power distribution room or within a metal grid, with each control cabinet placed separately. The power distribution room should be equipped with door switches; when the door to the room is opened, the high-voltage system shall automatically shut down to ensure safety. 　　(5) For high-voltage rectifier oil tanks, under normal circumstances, it is not necessary to perform core inspection, but regular testing and inspections should be carried out. 　　(6) High-voltage silicon rectifiers shall not be subjected to switching tests under no-load conditions; if such tests are necessary, high voltage must be applied to the electric field of the demister. Test the control cabinet separately (without connecting it to the high-voltage rectifier tank); some loads need to be connected to the output terminal before powering it on for testing. 　　(7) The high-voltage measurement output terminal (ground post) of the fuel tank (high-voltage rectifier) shall be grounded to the measuring instruments and additional resistors; it is not allowed to disconnect this circuit while it is powered on. 　　(8) The high-voltage output from the fuel tank should be connected to the electric field through a non-inductive damping resistor. 　　(9) The high-voltage distribution room shall be equipped with a dedicated grounding switch to ground the high-voltage output when the demister is out of use or under maintenance. 　　Section 2 Safety in Electrical Maintenance Article 198: The system of electrical maintenance work orders must be followed for electrical maintenance tasks. The work order shall be issued by the designated issuer; work may only commence after obtaining permission from the work permit issuer and going through the work permit procedures. 　　Article 199: It is prohibited to perform work on electrical equipment or power supply lines while they are under voltage, whether at high or low voltage. After the power is turned off, the power switch should be locked and the fuses removed, and signs such as “Do not close – work in progress” should be placed there. Until the work is completed or permission is given, no one is allowed to remove these signs or restore power supply. 　　Article 200: When maintenance must be carried out while the equipment is energized, it must be approved by the person in charge of electrical engineering, and reliable safety measures must be taken. The workers and supervisors should be persons with practical experience in working on live electrical equipment. 　　Article 201: Before installing grounding wires on de-energized lines and equipment, it is necessary to discharge and test for electricity. Once it is confirmed that there is no electricity present, grounding wires shall be installed on both sides of the work area. Grounding wires must also be installed on any branches that could supply power to the de-energized equipment and the area where work is being carried out. 　　Article 202: For operations such as power shutdown, discharge, voltage testing, and maintenance, personnel with practical experience must be assigned by the person in charge to act as supervisors; otherwise, such operations are not permitted. 　　Article 203: Before carrying out maintenance on external lines, poles, towers, and cables, a thorough inspection must be conducted; work may only proceed after it is confirmed that all requirements are met. 　　(1) When there are two or more lines running side by side at the entrance/exit of a substation or transformer station, or at some point along a line, it is necessary to ensure that the line to be maintained is indeed de-energized and that grounding wires are installed. Markings should be placed beneath the poles or towers of the de-energized line, and a dedicated person should be assigned to supervise the area to prevent accidental access to those poles or towers. 　　(II) When maintaining lines with two or more power supply sources, reliable measures must be taken to prevent accidental power supply. 　　(III) When maintaining directly-buried or tunnel cables, care must be taken to avoid damaging adjacent cables. 　　(IV) During strong winds of level 5 or above, it is strictly prohibited to carry out partial line shutdown maintenance work on multi-circuit lines mounted on poles or towers. 　　(5) Before setting up, removing, or adjusting pole pits, as well as before working on poles and towers, a thorough inspection must be carried out to prevent accidents such as pole collapse and sliding. After the grounding wire is removed, the line should be considered live; it is strictly prohibited for anyone to climb onto the poles or towers again, and reporting procedures corresponding to the completion of the work must be carried out. 　　(6) In multi-circuit lines installed on the same pole, when some of the circuits are shut down for maintenance, the safety distance required is less than that needed when working on live line poles and towers. For this reason, each line not only needs to have a name but also designations for its upper, lower, left, and right sides. When climbing poles or towers and carrying out maintenance work, a dedicated supervisor should be assigned to each pole or tower. 　　Article 204: When working with fire near live equipment, the flame shall be kept at a distance of 1.5 meters from the live parts when the voltage is 10 kV or less ； 3 meters for those over 10kv. 　　Article 205: When setting up temporary wiring, it is necessary to strictly comply with relevant regulations by submitting an “Application Form for Temporary Wiring Devices”. The 380-volt rubber temporary cables with good insulation should be suspended at a height of no less than 2.5 meters above the ground indoors, and no less than 3.5 meters above the ground outdoors. 　　Article 206: When replacing a fuse, fuses must be selected in strict accordance with the regulations; no other metal wires may be used as substitutes. 　　Chapter 11 Management of Safety Devices and Protective Equipment Section 1 Scope Article 207 All auxiliary devices installed on production equipment to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment (such as guards, safety valves, limiters, interlock devices, and alarms) are collectively referred to as safety protection devices. It is necessary to maintain them properly to ensure their reliability and effectiveness. 　　Article 208: Items worn or carried by workers personally during the production process to avoid or reduce accident injuries and occupational hazards are referred to as protective equipment, and all such items fall under the scope of enhanced management. 　　Section 2: Maintenance and Management of Safety Devices Article 209: Various safety devices shall be under the responsibility of designated personnel for management ； Regular inspections and maintenance should be carried out, with responsibilities assigned to specific individuals. 　　Article 210: Records of various safety devices shall be kept and included in the equipment maintenance plan for regular inspections. 　　Article 211: The departments in charge of various safety devices shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, conduct regular professional inspections and calibrations of the safety devices under their responsibility, and record the results of these inspections and calibrations in the archives. 　　Article 212: Safety devices shall not be removed, misused, or left unused arbitrarily; if they are removed for maintenance purposes, they must be restored immediately upon completion of the maintenance work. 　　Section 3 Selection and Storage of Protective Equipment Article 213 Appropriate protective equipment must be correctly selected and used based on the nature of the work, working conditions (oxygen content in the air, types and concentrations of toxins, etc.), level of physical strain, and relevant technical standards. 　　Article 214: All types of protective equipment shall be stored in a safe and convenient location, under the care of designated personnel, who are responsible for their regular calibration and maintenance. After each calibration, records shall be kept or seals applied; the person in charge shall conduct frequent inspections. 　　Article 215: A system for keeping records of the issuance and use of protective equipment and devices must be established, and issuance standards shall be formulated in accordance with relevant regulations. 　　Section 4: Division of Management Responsibilities Article 216: All safety devices on machinery and equipment (such as safety valves and pressure gauges on pressure vessels, as well as load and travel limiters on various types of machinery) are under the responsibility of the equipment department. 　　Article 217: All safety protection devices related to electricity (such as various relay protection devices and lightning protection devices) are under the responsibility of the electrical department. 　　Article 218: All temperature, pressure, and liquid level overload alarm devices, as well as safety interlock devices used in the manufacturing process, are under the responsibility of the instrumentation department. 　　Article 219: All fire alarm systems, automatic fire extinguishing systems, and other fixed or semi-fixed fire extinguishing devices in production areas shall be under the management of the fire prevention department. 　　Article 220: All equipment and devices designed to protect human safety that are worn and used during operations shall be under the management of the safety technology department. 　　Chapter 12 Construction and Maintenance Section 1 Construction Organization Article 221 When carrying out construction work such as new construction, renovation, expansion, technical upgrades, or major repairs, enterprises must strengthen construction organization management. Based on the approved construction drawings, they shall prepare a construction plan (construction organization design) and submit it to the plant manager in charge or the chief engineer for approval. 　　(1) Any construction work that involves digging in the factory area or within existing construction sites must require a permit from the relevant authorities, and it is necessary to ascertain the details of the underground pipelines, cables, and hydrogeological conditions in the area where construction is to take place. 　　(II) All construction plans (construction organization designs) for building installation projects must include provisions regarding safety construction techniques. For special projects such as blasting, large-scale lifting, underwater and deep-shaft operations, and demolition, a separate safety construction plan must be prepared, and work can only commence after approval. 　　Article 222: Before the commencement of each construction project, the person in charge of the construction department, engineering technicians, construction workers, foremen, etc., must, while assigning production tasks and providing technical instructions at each level, also give safety instructions and explain the safety measures at each level. Construction work shall not proceed on projects for which safety measures have not been explained, and workers have the right to refuse to work on such projects. 　　Article 223: When two or more entities carry out construction work jointly, the construction entity and the general contractor shall be responsible for coordinating and managing safety measures at the site. Subcontractors must obey the instructions of the construction entity and the general contractor. For projects assigned to construction and installation teams, the contract for such projects must specify the safety responsibilities and requirements. Projects shall not be assigned to construction entities that do not meet the conditions necessary for safe construction. 　　Article 224: Personnel involved in construction must be well familiar with the safety and technical regulations applicable to their specific system, type of work, and position. Construction units must also comply with the relevant safety regulations set by the production and construction authorities, and they must be subject to supervision. 　　Article 225: In the construction of new projects, renovations, expansions, technical upgrades, and major repairs, tasks related to welding, work inside equipment, and electrical maintenance shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions set out in Sections 9 and 10 of this chapter, as well as Section 2 of Chapter 10 of these regulations. 　　Section 2: Construction Site Management Article 226: At the construction site, the layout shall be in accordance with the overall construction plan as well as the plans for individual construction tasks; it must meet safety requirements. The temporary construction facilities, as well as machinery, materials, and infrastructure for water, electricity, and gas supply, must all comply with safety, fire prevention, and industrial hygiene standards. 　　Article 227: Pits, wells, holes, steep slopes, cliffs, high-voltage electrical equipment, and areas prone to fire or explosion on the construction site must be enclosed with fences or covered, and hazard signs must be installed. Signal lights should be in place at night, and if necessary, a dedicated person should be assigned to oversee these areas. No protective facilities or safety signs may be moved or removed without the approval of the person in charge of the construction. 　　Article 228: The roads at the construction site must be kept clear, and their width and turning radius must meet the safety requirements for vehicle traffic. In areas with limited space, where there is frequent movement of pedestrians and vehicles, temporary traffic control measures and signs should be installed. 　　Article 229: Seasonal protective measures must be taken at the construction site; in summer, measures should be taken to prevent heat and reduce temperatures ； In winter, be careful to protect yourself from the cold and freezing temperatures, as well as gas poisoning ； Before the rainy season and typhoons arrive, it is necessary to inspect the drainage systems, temporary facilities, electrical equipment, and large construction machinery ； Construction sites along the river basin should be prepared for flood control and emergency response ； Anti-slip measures should be taken after rain and snow. 　　Article 230: Dark areas and construction sites at night must be provided with adequate lighting. 　　Article 231: The storage of flammable, explosive, and toxic substances at construction sites must be carried out in dedicated warehouses under the supervision of designated personnel, in accordance with the relevant provisions outlined in Chapter 9 of these regulations. 　　Article 232: Fire hydrants and fire-fighting equipment must be installed at the construction site in accordance with regulations, and procedures for working with fire must be followed as specified in Chapter 7 of these rules. 　　Section 3: Construction Machinery and Electrical Equipment Article 233: All types of machinery must be under the supervision of designated personnel, operated in accordance with the safety regulations specific to that machinery, and regularly maintained to ensure that the mechanical equipment remains in good condition. 　　Article 234: Protective devices must be installed on all types of construction machinery, as well as on the rotating parts and hazardous areas of motors. 　　Article 235: All various safety devices on heavy machinery and woodworking machinery must be complete and in good condition. 　　Article 236: Electrical equipment, tools, and wiring at construction sites must be maintained and managed by dedicated electricians. 　　(1) All electrical equipment must ensure correct wiring, with proper protective neutral connection or grounding. 　　(II) The installed high-voltage and low-voltage lines must meet the requirements of relevant electrical safety regulations. 　　(III) Handheld power tools and portable electrical appliances must have good insulation and be equipped with leakage protection devices. 　　(IV) Tower cranes, gantry cranes, and riveting/welding platforms must maintain good grounding. 　　Section 4 Demolition Works Article 237 Before carrying out demolition work, the construction unit shall conduct a thorough inspection of the area surrounding all buildings, structures, and chemical plants to be demolished, and formulate a demolition plan. This plan must include safety measures, and it must be reviewed and approved by departments responsible for safety and technology before work can begin, with approval granted by the plant manager or chief engineer. 　　Article 238: After the demolition plan is approved, the project supervisor must provide detailed instructions to the personnel involved in the work prior to commencement, conduct safety training, and ensure that the safety measures specified in the plan are put into practice. 　　Article 239: The construction of demolition work must be carried out under the unified command and supervision of the project supervisor. 　　Article 240: For demolition work, any hazardous areas must have their dangers eliminated first before demolition can proceed. The demolition should be carried out from top to bottom, starting with the outer parts before moving on to the inner ones. It is prohibited to demolish multiple layers at the same time, and digging or pushing down is not allowed as a method of demolition. The unreconstructed parts must remain stable. 　　Article 241: The objects to be demolished shall not be thrown from above downward; lifting and sliding them along designated channels must be used, and the site must be cleaned up promptly. 　　Section 5 Earthwork and Stonework Projects Article 242: Excavation work must be carried out only after obtaining an excavation permit in accordance with relevant regulations, and such work may proceed only upon approval by the competent authorities. 　　(1) Excavation shall be carried out from top to bottom; it is prohibited to hollow out the foundation. When using a mechanical digger, a signal must be given first, and no other operations are allowed within the digger’s rotating range. 　　(II) For excavation work, safety slopes should be provided or retaining supports installed depending on the soil properties, temperature, and excavation depth. If any signs of danger such as cracks in the slope, looseness, or sliding or breaking of the supports are detected, work must be stopped immediately, and effective measures taken. When removing the retaining supports, it is necessary to do so from bottom to top in accordance with the filling process. 　　(III) The location where the excavated soil is piled shall be at least 0.8 meters away from the edge of the trench, and at least 1.5 meters away from the corners where the trench turns; the height of the soil pile shall not exceed 1.5 meters. 　　(IV) When working in pits or ditches, pay attention to detecting toxic and harmful gases, ensure good ventilation; in the event of such gases, take protective measures and identify the cause to eliminate it promptly. 　　(5) When starting excavation near buildings and structures, necessary safety measures shall be taken in accordance with the controlled depth. 　　Article 243: A blasting plan must be prepared prior to carrying out blasting work, and the work may only proceed after approval from relevant departments such as the security department. 　　(1) Once the blasting plan has been approved, it is not allowed to make arbitrary changes to the plan or to increase the amount of explosives used; otherwise, re-approval procedures must be followed. 　　(II) Blasting workers must undergo examination by the security department and hold a special operations worker’s certificate before they can carry out blasting work. 　　(III) The safety perimeter must be determined in accordance with the blasting construction plan; people, livestock, production facilities, buildings, structures, and other objects within this perimeter must be protected for their safety. The safety distance for humans should be no less than 200 meters. 　　(IV) After blasting, 20 minutes must pass before any inspection can be carried out. In the event of a dud blast, it is strictly prohibited to dig around it or reload the charge in the original blast hole; instead, a new blast hole must be created at a distance of 60 centimeters from the original one. 　　(5) At the same construction site, a designated person must be in charge of determining the timing for blasting. Before blasting takes place, all personnel must be moved to safe areas. Sentinels and hazard signs should be placed around the dangerous zone to prevent people and vehicles from passing through. When using an electric detonator, a dedicated person must operate it, and power should only be applied to initiate the explosion after all wires have been properly connected. 　　(VI) When carrying out blasting operations within the production area, the use of highly sensitive powerful explosives such as nitroglycerin is strictly prohibited. Where production permits, the operation of equipment near the blasting area must be stopped and the power supply cut off during blasting. 　　(7) Blasting operations are prohibited on foggy days, during thunderstorms, in strong winds of force 6 or above, when visibility is impaired, and at night. 　　Section 6 Maintenance Organization and Management Article 244: For all maintenance tasks, a maintenance task order must be prepared prior to the maintenance work, the person in charge of the task must be identified, and the necessary approval procedures must be followed. 　　Article 245: The person in charge of the maintenance project must, in accordance with the requirements of the maintenance task sheet, personally or organize relevant technical personnel to go to the site to brief the maintenance staff and ensure that the safety measures for the maintenance work are implemented. 　　Article 246: The person in charge of the maintenance project shall provide unified command and coordination over the maintenance work to ensure safety throughout the process. 　　Section 7 General Principles for Maintenance Safety Article 247 Before maintenance work begins, the person in charge of the maintenance task shall conduct a thorough inspection to ensure that the process treatments have been carried out properly and that blind flanges have been installed correctly. Before each task, the site must be inspected as required, and work may proceed only after approval is given by the person in charge of maintenance. 　　Article 248: When carrying out hot work, a hot work permit must be obtained in accordance with the relevant regulations on fire prevention and explosion prevention, and work may only proceed upon approval. 　　Article 249: Personnel working at heights must comply with the relevant provisions of the safety regulations for work at heights in chemical enterprises. 　　Article 250: All maintenance work must be carried out in strict accordance with the enterprise’s safety technical regulations for maintenance; maintenance personnel must strictly abide by all the provisions of the safety technical operating procedures specific to their role. 　　Article 251: When the equipment and pipelines under maintenance are connected to the facilities and pipelines in the living area, a separation must be provided in between. 　　Article 252: During temporary maintenance in production workshops, when working with equipment that contains flammable or explosive materials, explosion-proof equipment must be used, or other explosion-proof measures must be taken to prevent the generation of sparks. 　　Article 253: Within the maintenance area, strict control must be exercised over various motor vehicles. 　　Article 254: When carrying out maintenance work at sites where chemical hazardous substances are produced, it is necessary to maintain regular contact with the operators. In the event of a malfunction in chemical production that results in the sudden release of hazardous substances or an emergency shutdown, operations must be halted and personnel should evacuate the site immediately. 　　Section 8: Preparation for Maintenance Article 255: In accordance with the requirements specified in the maintenance task order, the production unit must create safe conditions for the maintenance team to carry out its work. Maintenance teams that have not completed the handover procedures shall not disassemble equipment or pipelines arbitrarily. 　　Article 256: Tools and equipment used for maintenance shall be thoroughly inspected to ensure safety and reliability. 　　Article 257: When maintaining transmission equipment and the electrical devices mounted on it, it is necessary to cut off the power supply (remove the power fuse). After verifying that everything is in order through two attempts to start the equipment, a stop-start sign or a safety lock should be placed on the power switch. 　　Article 258: The maintenance unit shall check the approval details and implementation status of the hot work permit, permit for work inside equipment, permit for work at heights, and electrical work order. 　　Article 259: The maintenance unit shall check the readiness of protective equipment and fire-fighting gear required during maintenance. 　　Section 9 Welding Operations Article 260 When carrying out welding operations, it is necessary to pay attention to fire and explosion prevention, and fire work permits must be obtained in strict accordance with relevant regulations. Flammable and explosive materials in the area surrounding the hot work must be removed; if combustible gases or liquids may exist in nearby ditches or pools, effective safety measures must be taken. 　　Article 261: Oxygen? ? Safety in acetylene flame welding (cutting) operations must be ensured by: 　　(1) The welding tools must meet quality standards; the welding torches and control valves must be reliable and secure, the oxygen pressure regulator must be sensitive and effective, and the gas hoses must have sufficient pressure resistance and be free from damage. 　　(II) Oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders must not be placed near heat sources; they must not be inverted. Acetylene cylinders must not be laid on their sides, and a residual pressure must remain in the cylinders after the gas inside has been used up. 　　(III) The safety accessories of medium-pressure acetylene generators must be sensitive and reliable. 　　(IV) The use of floating-type acetylene generators is prohibited. 　　(5) There should be a sufficient safety distance between the acetylene generator (or dissolved acetylene cylinder) and the oxygen cylinder, with a distance of over 10 meters from any open flame. 　　(6) Acetylene generators and dissolved acetylene gas cylinders are prohibited from being placed under high-voltage power cables and pipes. 　　Article 262: For arc welding and cutting, the following must be ensured: (1) The welding machine must be equipped with an independent power switch. 　　(II) The secondary coil and casing of the welding machine must be properly grounded or connected to neutral for protection, with a grounding resistance not exceeding 4 ohms. 　　(III) The primary circuit and the secondary circuit are well insulated from each other and easy to identify. 　　(IV) When performing welding (electric or gas welding) in special environments and conditions, corresponding safety measures must be taken. 　　Article 263: Welders must comply with the safety operating procedures for welders during their work. 　　Article 264: In areas where multiple people are working or where tasks are carried out simultaneously, protective shields must be installed when performing welding tasks, in order to prevent the arc light from injuring others’ eyes. 　　Article 265: For special operations such as plasma cutting and TIG welding, relevant safety protection measures shall be taken. 　　Section 10: Work Inside Equipment Article 266: When working inside equipment (such as tanks, towers, kettles, tank trucks, underground storage tanks, furnaces, channels, flues, exhaust ducts, etc.), a “Work Permit for Working Inside Equipment” must be obtained. The equipment must be isolated from other equipment (by installing blind flanges or removing a section of pipe; no alternative methods are permitted), and then cleaned and purged. 　　Article 267: Within 30 minutes before entering the equipment to carry out work, samples must be taken to analyze the concentrations of toxic and harmful substances as well as the oxygen level; work may only commence after the tests show satisfactory results. During the operation, conduct analyses at least every 2 hours; if any exceedance is detected, stop the operation immediately and evacuate personnel promptly. 　　Article 268: When working inside equipment containing corrosive, asphyxiating, flammable, explosive, or toxic materials, it is necessary to wear appropriate personal protective equipment and gas protection devices. 　　Article 269: When the conditions for maintenance work change and may pose a risk to the maintenance personnel, the equipment must be removed immediately. To proceed and work inside the equipment again, it is necessary to go through the procedures for entering the equipment once more. 　　Article 270: When working inside equipment, it is necessary to assign a supervisor for the task. The supervisor should be an experienced person who is responsible and committed to his or her duties, and must maintain effective communication with the workers carrying out the work. 　　Article 271: When working inside equipment, safety ladders and platforms shall be set up according to the specific conditions of the equipment, along with rescue ropes, to ensure the needs for emergency evacuation. 　　Article 272: Sufficient lighting shall be provided within the equipment; the power supply for lighting must be of a safe voltage, and the lighting fixtures must meet safety requirements such as moisture resistance and explosion prevention. 　　Article 273: When performing hot work inside equipment, in addition to complying with the provisions regarding hot work outlined in Chapter 7 of this regulation, the welder (or cutter) must not leave the welding (cutting) torch inside the equipment when leaving. 　　Article 275: After the work is completed, it must be inspected jointly by the maintenance personnel, the supervisor, and the person in charge of the department using the equipment to ensure that everything is in order. Only after the maintenance supervisor and the department head sign the permit for working inside the equipment can the maintenance personnel seal the openings in the equipment. 　　Section 11: Operations Involving the Use of Blind Flanges Article 276: Basic requirements for blind flange management: (1) Blind flanges that meet safety standards must be selected. 　　(II) Blind plate record cards should be established and numbered. 　　(III) Blind plates are stored and used separately by each production workshop and the equipment power workshop. 　　Article 277: A designated person shall be assigned to be responsible for installing blind flanges, and another designated person shall be assigned to oversee the process. 　　Article 278: When installing blind flanges, it is necessary to identify the correct locations and mark them with signs. For systems of larger scale, a diagram showing the distribution of blind flanges should be prepared to prevent accidents resulting from incorrect installation of such flanges. 　　Article 279: When installing blind flanges in flammable and explosive systems, a positive pressure should be maintained after the system has been depressurized, to prevent accidents caused by the entry of air. 　　Section 12: Handling After Maintenance Completion Article 280: Upon completion of maintenance, the following must be ensured: (1) All safety facilities must return to their normal state. 　　(II) Install blind flanges as required by the production process, check for any foreign objects in the equipment pipelines and verify their sealing status, conduct pressure or airtightness tests as specified, and keep records for future reference. 　　(III) The maintenance task sheet shall be archived for preservation. 　　(IV) Clean up the site. 　　Article 281: Equipment that has been repaired must undergo trial operation in accordance with the relevant procedures; once it passes the test, the production and maintenance parties shall go through the handover procedures. 　　Section 13: Work at Heights Article 282: Any work carried out at a height of 2 meters or more (including 2 meters) above the reference level for falling height (the horizontal plane passing through the lowest point of potential fall) in areas where there is a risk of falling is considered work at heights. 　　Article 283: The levels and types of work at heights, as well as the categories of special work at heights, shall be governed by the **\"Standard for Classifying Work at Heights\" (GB3608–)**. Work at heights in chemical enterprises shall be carried out in accordance with the \"Safety Regulations for Work at Heights in Chemical Enterprises\" (issued under Document No. [87] Hua Sheng Zi No. 671). 　　Article 284: Before carrying out work at heights, it is necessary to obtain a “Work at Heights Permit,” implement reliable safety measures, assign a dedicated person to be in charge and to provide supervision, and strictly follow the approval procedures. The approval procedures and authorities regarding the Work at Heights Permit shall be in accordance with the “Safety Regulations for Work at Heights in Chemical Enterprises.” 　　Article 285: Persons working at heights must pass a medical examination; those who are not fit for such work shall not engage in it. 　　Article 286: Scaffolding, hoists, hangers, chain blocks, and similar equipment used for work at heights must be installed in accordance with relevant regulations; lifting elevators are strictly prohibited from carrying people. 　　Article 287: Workers performing work at heights must wear safety belts and safety helmets, and any tools, parts, materials, etc. they carry with them must be placed in tool bags. 　　Article 288: Work at heights should generally not be carried out simultaneously. If it is necessary to work under the same vertical line due to operational requirements, reliable isolation measures must be taken; otherwise, such work is prohibited. When working on asbestos shingles or fiberglass shingles, safety measures such as the use of stepping stools must be implemented. 　　Article 289: High-altitude work shall be suspended in case of wind speeds of level 6 or above or other adverse weather conditions. 　　Article 290: When working at the top of factories where toxic gases are likely to be released, as well as on the tops of towers and tanks, on-site environmental monitoring shall be carried out, and a dedicated person shall be assigned to supervise. 　　Article 291: When working at heights in areas adjacent to live wires, workers must maintain a safe distance from those wires in accordance with the relevant provisions set out in the \"Electrical Safety Work Procedures\" (〔1977〕) Hydropower Production No. 113). 　　Section 14: Lifting Operations Article 292: A lifting plan shall be prepared for the lifting of objects weighing 20 tons or more, as well as for the lifting of the main structural elements in civil engineering projects. A lifting plan is also necessary when the weight of the object is less than 20 tons, but it has a complex shape, low stiffness, a large length-to-diameter ratio, is valuable and precise, or when the working conditions are special. The lifting plan must be reviewed by the construction management department, safety and technical departments, etc., and approved by the chief engineer before it can be implemented. 　　Article 293: In lifting operations, clear division of tasks is necessary, and unified command must be carried out in accordance with the standard communication signals specified in the \"Signals for Lifting Operations\" (GB5082–). 　　Article 294: It is prohibited to use pipelines, pipe racks, utility poles, mechanical and electrical equipment within the factory area as lifting anchors. Without proper verification and permission, it is also forbidden to use production buildings and structures as lifting anchors. 　　Article 295: When using various lifting machinery, lifting devices, and rigging, the following regulations must be observed: (1) The operation of various lifting machinery shall, in addition to complying with the \"Safety Regulations for Lifting Machinery\" (GB6067–), also be carried out in accordance with the operating procedures specific to each machine. Operators must receive specialized training as required by the \"Safety Technical Assessment Standards for Crane Operators\" (GB6720–), and only after passing the assessment may they operate the machinery with a valid certificate. 　　(II) Before carrying out lifting operations, a thorough inspection must be conducted on the moving parts of the lifting machinery, its safety devices, as well as the lifting hooks and rigging. A trial lift must also be performed before actual lifting. 　　(III) All types of lifting machinery must be used for lifting at the specified load; lifting beyond the rated capacity is strictly prohibited. Lifting tools and rigging must be selected and used after proper calculations. 　　Chapter 13: Dust and Poison Prevention Section 1: Protection and Control Article 296: It is necessary to carry out effective dust and poison prevention measures, adopt comprehensive approaches to eliminate the hazards posed by dust and toxins, continuously improve working conditions, ensure the safety and health of employees, and achieve safe and civilized production. 　　Article 297: To restrict the use of toxic and harmful materials, prevent the leakage and spread of dust and toxins, and ensure that work areas meet the health standards set forth in ** regulations, effective protective measures must be taken to reduce exposure of workers to such dust and toxic materials. Regular monitoring and health checks should also be conducted. 　　Article 298: Dust and poison prevention plans shall be formulated in accordance with the principles of giving priority to prevention, comprehensive planning, adapting measures to local conditions, and integrated management. Such plans shall be included in the annual safety and technical measures plan as well as in long-term plans, with efforts to gradually eliminate dust and poison hazards through capacity enhancement, innovation, and renovation. 　　Article 299: For work positions that are highly hazardous and for which the technical conditions for management are not yet mature, research plans should be established to address these challenges. For tasks that fail to meet the **specified industrial hygiene standards for an extended period and pose serious risks from dust and toxins, corrective actions must be taken within a set time limit. Those that still fail to meet the standards after making corrections shall be shut down for rectification. 　　Article 300: For the production processes involving toxic and harmful substances, enclosed equipment and isolated operations shall be used; materials with low toxicity or no toxicity shall be substituted for those highly toxic, and processes shall be improved through mechanization, automation, and continuous operation. 　　Article 301: For harmful substances released, ventilation should be improved, and measures such as recycling and purification should be taken. It must not be discharged arbitrarily without treatment. 　　Article 302: In mechanical casting and sand removal operations, methods such as \"70\" sand, water blasting for sand removal, wet box opening for sand removal, and enclosed sand discharge should be actively employed. In sandblasting operations, enclosed mechanical sandblasting, shot blasting, bead blasting, and enclosed dust removal methods should be actively employed. 　　Article 303: Workplaces with dust or toxic substances must be cleaned up promptly to maintain cleanliness. 　　Article 304: For process equipment and pipelines that may generate toxic or harmful substances, maintenance must be strengthened and regular inspections carried out to ensure the equipment remains in good condition, thereby preventing leaks. Various dust and poison prevention facilities shall not be disabled, diverted, or removed without the approval of the competent authorities or the consent of the plant manager (chief engineer). 　　Article 305: The packaging of toxic and harmful substances must meet safety requirements to prevent leakage and spread. 　　Section 2: Organization and Rescue Article 306: Enterprises that produce, use, or store toxic and harmful substances shall establish a leadership team for the rescue of acute chemical poisoning cases, with the deputy factory director (deputy manager) in charge serving as the team leader. 　　Article 307: Enterprises shall establish first-aid stations, equip them with necessary first-aid equipment and medicines, and organize trained first-aid personnel to be on duty day and night. 　　Article 308: Workshops that produce or use toxic and harmful substances shall establish a rescue team; workshops with 100 or more employees shall have at least 4 part-time first aiders, as well as first aid kits available. 　　Article 309: Primary medical institutions such as employee hospitals, occupational disease prevention centers, or health stations shall establish a rescue team composed of medical staff from the departments of occupational diseases, internal medicine, surgery, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, and radiology, and shall be equipped with sufficient first-aid equipment and medicines. 　　Article 310: In workshops (workstations) with corrosive materials or those where toxins can be absorbed through the skin, in addition to providing adequate and appropriate protective equipment and first-aid supplies, flushing facilities such as eye wash stations, spray nozzles, or water tanks must also be available. 　　Article 311: Enterprises shall establish and improve emergency response networks and rescue plans for acute poisoning incidents, and strengthen communication and reporting systems. 　　Article 312: Emergency measures for treating acute poisoning shall be implemented in strict accordance with the specific requirements set out in the \"Regulations on Emergency Measures for Treating Acute Poisoning in Chemical Enterprises\" (Document No. [86] Hua Sheng Zi No. 1078). 　　Section 3: Physical Examinations and Occupational Diseases Article 313: After new employees join the company, they should undergo health checks, and proper arrangements should be made for those with occupational contraindications or allergies. 　　Article 314: Regular health examinations shall be conducted on registered employees who are exposed to toxic and harmful substances, and health surveillance records shall be established. 　　Article 315: For workers engaged in operations involving toxic and harmful substances, measures such as rotation, short-term breaks from work, reduced working hours, preventive treatment, or occupational rehabilitation can be gradually implemented. Those with occupational contraindications and allergies should be removed from their positions promptly. 　　Article 316: The scope and diagnostic criteria for occupational diseases shall be in accordance with **relevant regulations; patients diagnosed with occupational diseases shall receive active treatment. 　　Chapter 14: Traffic within the Plant Area Section 1: Management Organization Article 317: To ensure the safety of traffic within the plant area, maintain traffic order, and prevent traffic accidents, it is necessary to designate relevant departments to be fully responsible for managing traffic in that area. 　　Article 318: Detailed rules for traffic management within the factory area shall be formulated for vehicles and ships in accordance with the Regulations on Road Traffic Management of the People’s Republic of China (issued by the State Council on March 9, 1988), the Railway Technical Management Regulations (No. 1144, Tie An Jian Zi, [1982]), the Safety Regulations for Intra-plant Transportation in Industrial Enterprises (GB4387–), and these provisions. 　　Section 2: Signals and Signs Article 319: Traffic roads within the factory area, factory gates, curves, slopes, one-way streets, intersections, as well as areas where parking by various types of vehicles is prohibited, shall be equipped with signal signs in accordance with relevant regulations, taking into account the specific conditions of the factory area. 　　Article 320: Clear warning signs shall be installed on restricted roads and controlled roads within factory areas. 　　Article 321: Industrial area railways shall, in accordance with regulations, be equipped with signal lights, turnout lights, and various warning signs on the tracks; road crossings shall be fitted with drop bars, alarm bells, or signal lights. 　　Article 322: Warning signs shall be installed in the direction from which trains are approaching at railway platforms, loading and unloading areas, tank car washing areas, as well as areas where tracks are crossed or materials are handled; signal lights shall be in place at night. 　　Article 323: When carrying out road-breaking work or setting up rope frameworks across roads, in addition to obtaining approval from the competent authorities, clear signs must be provided, and red lights must be used at night. In areas with limited construction space and frequent traffic of vehicles and pedestrians, temporary traffic control should be established. 　　Article 324: Sufficient lighting shall be provided on the traffic roads within factory areas, along railways, and at platform loading areas. 　　Section 3: Traffic Routes Article 325: Traffic roads shall be flat and unobstructed; drainage systems shall be installed along the sides of the roads (open ditches shall be covered), and they shall be cleared regularly. It is strictly prohibited to discharge harmful substances such as steam, smoke, acids, and alkalis onto the road surface. The ice and snow accumulated in winter should be removed promptly. 　　Article 326: Enterprises may divide roads into the following categories as needed: Free roads: Allow all types of vehicles to pass through ； 　　Restricted road: Allow passage for \"safe vehicles\"; other vehicles must obtain approval from the enterprise’s supervising authority to pass ； 　　Controlled route: A dedicated pathway for fire trucks and ambulances; other vehicles are prohibited from stopping there. 　　Article 327: It is strictly prohibited to stack materials and equipment on main roads and fire access routes, and it is forbidden to carry out any activities on the road surface that could obstruct traffic. Whenever temporary use of land or excavation is necessary for production purposes, approval from the relevant departments of the enterprise must be obtained before such action can be taken. 　　Article 328: Materials stacked on either side of traffic roads must be placed at a distance of more than 1 meter from the road edge, and the stacks must be stable. The height of rope frameworks stretched across the road must not be less than 5 meters. 　　Article 329: Tracked vehicles shall not be driven on traffic roads if they do not take measures to protect the road. 　　Article 330: Within 1.5 meters of the rails on both sides of the railway, it is prohibited to stack materials and equipment. Materials stacked outside the designated area must be secured to prevent them from sliding onto the tracks, and they must not obstruct the driver’s view. 　　Article 331: When laying power lines and pipelines across railways, prior approval from the relevant authorities must be obtained. The installations must be secure, with the height above the rail surface being no less than 7.5 meters for power lines and no less than 5.5 meters for pipelines. 　　Article 332: When digging ditches (holes) on both sides of a railway to pass beneath the track bed in order to lay cables and various pipelines, it is necessary to obtain the consent and approval of the relevant authorities. 　　Article 333: When carrying out non-railway transportation activities on either side of railways, above them, or underground that affect railway operations, it is necessary to obtain approval from the competent authorities of the enterprise, and reliable safety measures must be taken. During such operations, continuous contact with the railway authorities is required. 　　Article 334: The railway subgrade and tracks must be maintained regularly to ensure smooth operation. The arbitrary installation of level crossings is prohibited; if such installations are necessary, approval from the competent authorities must be obtained, and effective safety measures must be taken. 　　Section 4 Vehicles Article 335 Motor vehicles must be in good condition; they may be driven only after undergoing regular inspections as required by the public security and traffic authorities, and after being issued with an inspection certificate. 　　Article 336: The condition of small motor vehicles managed by factories (battery-powered vehicles, small dump trucks) and special vehicles (forklifts, cranes) must be kept in good condition. The enterprise’s supervisory department is responsible for conducting inspections, which should take place at least twice a year. Only after passing these inspections can license plates and inspection certificates be issued, allowing the vehicles to be used. 　　Article 337: The vehicle management departments of enterprises shall establish maintenance and repair systems for motor vehicles, small vehicles, and special vehicles. Regular minor and major repairs should be carried out, and a three-level maintenance system shall be implemented. Strict quality inspections of vehicles must be conducted to prevent any failures in inspection or missed repairs; vehicles that do not meet safety standards shall not be used. 　　Article 338: Railway locomotives shall be overhauled and maintained in accordance with the regulations set by the Ministry of Railways. 　　Article 339: Enterprise-owned specialized tank trucks shall not be modified arbitrarily; maintenance and cleaning shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions in Chapters 7 and 12 of these regulations. 　　Section 5 Vehicle Driving Article 340 Motor vehicle drivers must receive specialized training, organized by the enterprise’s supervising authorities, and after passing assessments and examinations conducted by the public security and transportation departments, they may be issued a driving license to operate vehicles. 　　Article 341: Drivers of small and special vehicles managed by enterprises shall, in accordance with the regulations on training and assessment for personnel engaged in special operations, receive specialized training; only after passing the assessment conducted by the competent authorities or the enterprise can they be issued a driving license to operate such vehicles. 　　Article 342: Small factory vehicles and special vehicles are prohibited from driving outside the factory premises. 　　Article 343: Railway locomotive drivers, stokers, shunting personnel, etc., must all receive specialized training; only after passing assessments conducted by the enterprise’s supervisory authorities in conjunction with the railway authorities can they take up their duties. The aforementioned personnel shall be managed as special operation workers. 　　Article 444: In railway transportation within industrial areas, the shunting communication system must be strictly implemented to ensure the safe operation of locomotives and rolling stock. 　　(1) When a locomotive passes through an intersection, it must slow down, sound its horn, look carefully, and confirm the signals; it is strictly prohibited to proceed based on assumptions, and the \"return to the proper track\" rule must be followed. 　　(II) The communication between the shunter and the coupler during train shunting is carried out using flags during the day and signal lights at night; the signal standards shall be in accordance with those specified by the railway authorities. 　　(III) The locomotive driver shall not move the train if he has not received the shunting signal; any changes to the shunting plan must be communicated thoroughly. When steam locomotives are in operation, shunters are strictly prohibited from performing shunting tasks on the outside of the vehicles. 　　Article 345: All vehicles within the factory area must comply with the speed limits set for that area. 　　(1) The speed limit for motor vehicles entering and leaving the factory gate as well as at turns is 5 kilometers per hour. The speed on straight roads is 10–15 kilometers per hour. 　　(II) The speed of locomotives on main lines is 20 kilometers per hour, on branch lines it is 15 kilometers per hour, and at the ends of the tracks, during connection operations, and at track scales it is 3 kilometers per hour. 　　(III) 10 kilometers per hour when the locomotive is pulling a tank car carrying flammable, explosive, corrosive, or other hazardous materials. 　　Article 346: For in-plant training vehicles or vehicles used for testing and inspection, routes and times must be designated, and they must be equipped with signs indicating “Training Vehicle” or “Test Vehicle”. Persons other than drivers are prohibited from operating such vehicles, and training vehicles must always be supervised by a driver. 　　Section 6 Vehicle Loading Article 347 The loading of motor vehicles shall comply with the following provisions: (1) It is not allowed to exceed the load capacity specified in the vehicle registration document. 　　(II) When carrying bulk, powdered, or liquid-prone items that may spill, fly out, or drip outside the vehicle, it is necessary to seal them tightly. 　　(III) For the loading of chemical hazardous materials, the relevant provisions in Chapter 8 of this system shall be followed. 　　(IV) When motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles carry goods, it is strictly prohibited by regulations to exceed the limits in terms of length, width, height, and weight. 　　(5) Freight motor vehicles are not allowed to carry both passengers and goods. Apart from the rated number of passengers allowed in the cab and cargo area, no one is permitted to sit in other parts of a large freight motor vehicle (such as the cab roof, foot pedals, side panels, etc.). 　　Section 7: Non-motorized Vehicles and Pedestrians Article 348: Bicycles and tricycles are not allowed to pull other non-motorized vehicles or to be pulled by motorized vehicles. They must slow down before turning and signal with their hands; sudden sharp turns are prohibited. 　　Article 349: It is prohibited to use untrained livestock to pull vehicles. When animal-drawn vehicles enter areas prone to fire or explosion, their hooves must be treated to prevent sparks. When parking, the brakes must be tightened and the livestock secured. 　　Article 350: Bicycles, tricycles, and animal-drawn vehicles are not allowed to be parked inside factories or beside equipment; bicycles must be stored in a centralized area for management. 　　Article 351: People working inside factories must use the sidewalk or walk along the side of the road; they are not allowed to cross the road suddenly. 　　Article 352: When walking, be careful to check for ditches, pits, and wells under your feet, as well as for obstacles such as pipelines, scaffolding, cables, and wires above your head. 　　Article 353: Do not stay in areas where toxic or harmful substances are released, and do not walk under lifted objects. 　　Chapter 15 Management of Safety Technical Measures Section 1 Basis and Scope for Plan Formulation Article 354 Basis for plan formulation: (1) **Laws and regulations regarding labor protection, as well as the labor protection systems and standards issued by the competent industry authorities. 　　(II) Major hidden dangers affecting safe production. 　　(III) Technical measures to be taken to prevent fires, explosions, work-related injuries, occupational diseases, and occupational poisoning. 　　(IV) The safety technical measures required for production development, as well as the reasonable suggestions put forward by employees to improve safety in production. 　　Article 355 The scope of planning includes: (1) The preparation of a safety technical measures plan must comply with the requirements of the \"List of General Names for Items in Safety Technical Measures Plans\" (issued on September 21, 1956, by the Ministry of Labor and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions). 　　(II) Technical measures for labor protection aimed at improving working conditions and preventing occupational diseases and poisoning. 　　(III) Facilities for labor protection research, labor safety and hygiene testing, safety education and publicity, as well as safety books, materials, and textbooks. 　　(IV) All measures taken to prevent fires, explosions, and work-related injuries. 　　Section 2: Plan Formulation and Approval Article 356: The workshop or relevant functional department shall propose the annual safety and technical measures for the workshop, assign a specific person to prepare the plans and proposals, which are then submitted to the safety and technical department for review and compilation. 　　Article 357: The safety technology department is responsible for preparing the enterprise’s annual safety technology measures plan, which shall be submitted to the chief engineer or the plant manager in charge for review. 　　Article 358: The plant manager or director in charge of work safety (chief engineer) shall convene a meeting with the trade union, relevant departments, and workshop supervisors to discuss and determine the following matters: (1) Annual safety and technical measures. 　　(II) Sources of funding for each project. 　　(III) Design unit and responsible person. 　　(IV) Construction unit and responsible person. 　　(5) Date of completion or commissioning for use. 　　Article 359: The safety technical measure projects that have been approved after review shall be assigned simultaneously by the production planning department when formulating the annual plan. 　　Article 360: The workshop shall prepare a plan for safety and technical measures for the following year on schedule each year, and submit it to the higher-level competent department of the enterprise for review. 　　Article 362: For safety technology measures projects that fall within the scope of approval by higher-level competent authorities or require funding from such authorities, enterprises shall first go through the approval procedures; only after approval can they be included in the plan. Similarly, if a safety technology measure project that has been approved by a higher authority is to be canceled or adjusted, approval procedures must also be followed. 　　Section 3: Sources of Funding and Supply of Materials Article 363: Enterprises shall allocate at least 20% of the funds set aside in that year for equipment renewal and upgrading to safety technology measures. If such funds are insufficient, they can be supplemented from retained earnings after taxes or other internal funds, or loans can be obtained from banks to cover the shortfall. For products resulting from comprehensive utilization, tax reductions or exemptions can be applied for from the relevant higher-level authorities in accordance with **relevant regulations. 　　Article 364: Modifications or major repairs to production equipment that do not meet safety requirements, without incurring additional costs for fixed assets, shall be covered by the major repair expenses. 　　Article 365: Any safety technical measures that do not increase fixed assets shall be covered by production and maintenance expenses and allocated to the production cost. 　　Article 366: The equipment and materials required for safety technology measures projects shall be supplied in a unified manner by the supply (equipment and power) department in accordance with the plan. 　　Section 4 Inspections and Reports Article 367 The plant manager in charge and the trade union leader must conduct an inspection of the implementation of safety and technical measures on a quarterly basis, with the plant manager in charge preparing a summary. 　　Article 368: The safety technology department shall conduct regular inspections and report to the plant manager in charge on the implementation of safety technology measures plans. For major safety technology projects, regular reports shall be submitted to the higher-level supervisory authorities of the enterprise. 　　Section 5 Completion Acceptance Article 369: After the completion of the safety and technical measures projects, and following a three-month trial operation period during which normal operation is ensured, the acceptance process shall be organized under the leadership of the production manager or chief engineer. Relevant departments such as those responsible for planning, technology, equipment, safety, fire prevention, industrial hygiene, and labor unions, together with the relevant workshops or departments, shall carry out the acceptance in accordance with the design requirements. A report shall be submitted to the higher-level authorities, and if necessary, these higher-level departments shall be invited to participate in the acceptance process. 　　Article 370: The using unit shall prepare a technical summary report on the operation of the safety technology measures, evaluating their safety and technical aspects, as well as their economic effects and existing problems. 　　Article 371: After safety technical measures have been approved upon inspection and put into use, they shall be incorporated into regular management. 　　Chapter 16: Research and Design Section 1: Research Article 372: The selection of research topics shall meet the requirements of safety and reliability, technological advancement, economic Rationality, as well as the prevention of catastrophic social accidents. 　　Article 373: When formulating a test plan, in addition to specifying the relevant toxicity, physicochemical properties, and safety precautions for the raw materials, intermediate products, products, and by-products used in the tests, it is also necessary to determine the detection methods for toxic and harmful substances, as well as the treatment measures for the \"three wastes\" (i.e., waste gas, waste water, and waste residue; the same applies hereafter). 　　Article 374: It is necessary to follow the procedures for progressing from small to medium-scale, and from medium-scale to expanded-scale research projects, with each procedure including safety guarantees and measures. 　　Article 375: Small-scale tests can be conducted through exploratory trials to select safe and reasonable process methods and determine feasible safety protection measures in order to ensure safety and reliability. 　　Article 376: The summary report for medium-scale tests must include information on safety technology, industrial hygiene, as well as process technical specifications and safety operating procedures. 　　Article 377: For expanded tests, practical safety technical procedures must be prepared, and they may only be carried out after being reviewed by the safety technology department and approved by the chief engineer. In medium-scale and expanded tests, operators must thoroughly study the safety procedures and only be allowed to operate after passing the relevant examinations. 　　Article 378: After the installation of the expansion test equipment (including safety protection, industrial hygiene, and waste treatment facilities) is completed, it must pass inspections by the safety, fire protection, and industrial hygiene departments as well as the labor union before material feeding and trial operation can proceed. 　　Article 379: During expanded testing, various safety, health, and waste management issues must be reported promptly to the relevant departments and the chief engineer, so that appropriate measures can be taken to ensure safety. 　　Article 380: To scale up the results of experiments, formal technical evaluation by relevant departments such as those in charge of technology and safety must be conducted prior to their application in production. 　　Article 381: Various hazardous materials used in small-scale and scale-up tests shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions on hazardous materials in Chapter 8 of these regulations. 　　Article 382: The installation and maintenance of expanded test equipment shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions in Chapter 12 \"Construction and Maintenance\" and Chapter 10 \"Electrical Safety\" of these regulations. 　　Article 383: When applying for, transferring, or promoting scientific and technological achievements, it is necessary to submit documents such as measures for dust control, poison prevention, fire prevention, explosion prevention, and treatment of waste gases, waste liquids, and waste solids, as well as safety technical regulations. 　　Section 2: Design Article 384: The design brief and the construction design must include sections on safety technology, industrial hygiene, and the treatment of waste materials. Designs based on an enlarged scale of testing must have sound and reliable foundations. 　　Article 385: The design shall adopt mature production processes. When new processes, new equipment, new materials, or new products are to be used, validated test reports and data meeting the design requirements must be available before design work can proceed. 　　Article 386: When selecting a site for a factory, it is necessary to carefully collect relevant local data on meteorology, geology, hydrology, and ecology, and conduct a comprehensive analysis before making a decision. 　　Article 387: During the design process, the principle of \"simultaneous implementation of three aspects\" must be adhered to; requirements related to safety, fire protection, environmental protection, and industrial hygiene shall not be reduced or omitted. 　　Article 388: Reviewers at all levels must, during the process of reviewing design documents and drawings, simultaneously examine the safety-related aspects, and bear responsibility for safety in the design. 　　Chapter 17: The Principle of \"Simultaneous Implementation\" for New Construction, Renovation, and Expansion Projects Article 389: For all projects involving new construction, renovation, expansion, technical upgrades, or innovations, facilities designed to ensure safe production and eliminate toxic and harmful elements must be included in the planning, design, construction, and acceptance processes. Such facilities shall be designed, constructed, and put into use simultaneously with the main project. 　　Article 390: The design of projects such as new construction, renovation, expansion, technical upgrades, and innovations must comply with the following provisions: (1) Designers must strictly adhere to the relevant design codes and standards regarding safety, hygiene, environmental protection, fire prevention, etc. 　　(II) When new processes, new equipment, new materials, or new products are adopted in the design, an appraisal report must be available. For items classified as Category A or B, as well as flammable and highly toxic substances, a technical appraisal report from the provincial regulatory authority in the location where they are situated is required. 　　(III) For new products to proceed to mass production, the following conditions must be met: (1) A mature manufacturing process must be employed. 　　(2) The selection of process conditions shall meet safety requirements. 　　(3) It must have reliable safety measures (including effective control methods, alarm devices, and emergency response equipment in the event of an accident). 　　(4) Equipment selection and building design, etc., shall meet the requirements of standards and regulations regarding fire prevention, explosion protection, and industrial hygiene. 　　(5) The design documents must include a safety and reliability assessment. 　　Article 391: When reviewing the preliminary design or plan, departments responsible for safety, industrial hygiene, environmental protection, and fire prevention, as well as trade unions, shall be involved in the evaluation process. The finance department has the right to refuse payment for any project that has not received approval from the aforementioned departments. 　　Article 391: Whenever advanced process equipment and technologies are introduced, corresponding advanced safety, industrial hygiene, environmental protection, and fire protection facilities and technologies must also be introduced, or facilities and technologies of an equivalent standard must be provided domestically. 　　Article 393: During the construction process, someone shall be responsible for supervising and inspecting the installation of safety, hygiene, environmental protection, and fire protection facilities, in order to promptly correct any deficiencies that arise during construction. 　　Article 394: Departments responsible for safety, health, environmental protection, fire control, etc., shall, in conjunction with trade union organizations, participate in the completion inspection work. Projects cannot be accepted if the safety, hygiene, environmental protection, and fire protection facilities have not been built and tested simultaneously with the main structure, or if they fail to meet the original design requirements after assessment. 　　Chapter 18 Safety Inspections Section 1 Tasks and Requirements Article 395 Safety inspections are an important means of ensuring safe production. Their primary task is to identify and uncover various potential hazards, and to urge corrective actions to be taken ； Oversee the implementation of various safety regulations and procedures ； Put an end to illegal instructions and illegal operations. 　　Article 396: Safety inspections shall adhere to the principle of combining leadership with the participation of the workforce. In addition to regular inspections, comprehensive inspections carried out by the workforce, specialized inspections, seasonal inspections, and daily inspections shall also be conducted each year. 　　Article 397: Safety inspection activities must have clear objectives, requirements, content, and specific plans, and a safety inspection checklist must be prepared. 　　Article 398: It is necessary to establish a safety inspection organization headed by enterprise leaders and involving relevant functional staff, so as to carry out inspections while making corrections, and to promptly summarize and promote advanced practices. 　　Section 2: Form and Content Article 399: Comprehensive inspections are carried out at three levels – the factory, the workshop, and the team. They are organized by the factory manager in charge, the workshop supervisor, and the team leader, who mobilize relevant departments, workshop staff, and team members to conduct inspections focused on assessing ideology, leadership, discipline, systems, and potential hazards. Plant-level inspections (including those during holidays) shall be conducted no less than four times per year ； At the workshop level, at least once a month ； At the team (shift) level, once a week. 　　Article 400: Professional inspections shall be carried out by the supervisors of respective professional departments, who will organize personnel from their own departments to conduct such inspections. These inspections should take place at least twice a year, and their main purpose is to conduct professional evaluations of boilers and pressure vessels, hazardous materials, electrical installations, mechanical equipment, factory buildings, transportation vehicles, safety devices, as well as measures for fire and explosion prevention, and dust and poison control. 　　Article 401: Seasonal inspections are carried out separately by the supervisors of various business departments, who, in light of the local geographical and climatic conditions, organize personnel within their respective departments to conduct preventive seasonal checks on aspects such as fire and explosion prevention, protection against rain and floods, lightning protection, heat mitigation, wind protection, and frost and cold protection. 　　Article 402: Routine inspections include inspections carried out by workers in their respective positions and routine inspections conducted by management personnel. Production workers must earnestly fulfill their responsibilities regarding work safety at their posts, carry out handover inspections, and conduct regular inspections during working hours ； Managers at all levels should conduct inspections within their respective areas of responsibility. 　　Article 403: For all types of inspections, corresponding safety inspection sheets shall be prepared, and inspections shall be carried out item by item in accordance with the contents of those sheets. 　　Section 3: Rectification Article 404: Inspection organizations and personnel at all levels shall analyze and study each identified potential hazard in detail, and implement corrective measures. 　　Article 405: For projects with potential hazards that pose a serious threat to safe production but for which corrective actions are possible, a \"Notice of Hazard Rectification\" shall be issued, ensuring \"three determinations\" and \"four no-passes\" (that is, determine the project, the time frame, and the responsible personnel; do not defer tasks to lower-level units if the team can handle them, do not defer them to workshop levels if the unit can handle them, do not defer them to the factory level if the workshop can handle them, and do not defer them to higher-level authorities if the factory can handle them), in order to enforce timely rectification. 　　Article 406: In the case of major accident hazards that an enterprise is unable to resolve, in addition to taking effective preventive measures, it shall submit a written report to the directly competent authority to which the enterprise is subordinate and to the local ** authorities, and also send a copy to the higher-level industry competent authority. 　　Article 407: For major safety hazards for which the necessary material and technical conditions are not available for immediate rectification, emergency preventive measures must be taken, and these issues shall be included in a plan to be resolved within a set time limit or by shutting down operations. 　　Article 408: Inspection organizations and personnel at all levels shall report any identified potential hazards and the status of corrective actions to their superior competent authorities. Major potential hazards and the details of the corrective actions taken shall be compiled and archived by the safety and technology department. 　　Chapter 19: Accident Management Section 1: Classification and Management of Accidents Article 409: Accidents can be classified into the following categories for separate management: (1) Production (process) accidents refer to those that occur during the production process as a result of violations of process regulations, standard operating procedures, or improper operations, leading to losses of raw materials, semi-finished products, or finished products. 　　(II) Equipment accidents refer to incidents in which the equipment suffers abnormal damage, resulting in downtime, loss of production, or repair costs reaching a specified amount. 　　(III) Quality accidents refer to incidents in which the quality of products (including project quality and service quality) fails to meet technical standards and specifications. 　　(IV) Traffic accidents refer to incidents in which vehicles or ships are damaged, people are injured or killed, or property is lost as a result of violations of transportation rules or other reasons. 　　(5) A fire accident refers to any burning phenomenon that gets out of control and causes damage to property and people. 　　(VI) An explosion accident refers to an accident in which **property damage or casualties occur as a result of an explosion. 　　(7) Medical accidents refer to incidents that occur during diagnosis, treatment, and nursing services, as a result of the negligence of medical staff, and that directly cause the patient’s death, disability, damage to tissues and organs, or functional impairments. 　　(8) Any accident deliberately caused is referred to as a sabotage accident. 　　(IX) Injury and accident incidents refer to physical injuries and acute poisonings that occur to enterprise employees during the process of production work. 　　Article 410: Production (process) accidents are under the responsibility of the production department for management ； Product quality incidents are managed by the quality inspection department ； Quality accidents in infrastructure projects are under the responsibility of the infrastructure department ； Traffic accidents are handled by the security or traffic management departments ； Equipment accidents are under the responsibility of the equipment power department ； Fire incidents are under the responsibility of the fire prevention (safety) department ； Injuries, accidents, and explosions are under the responsibility of the safety technology department. Each functional department shall conduct investigations, collect statistics, and maintain records in accordance with the requirements of classified management. 　　Article 411: The safety and technology department is responsible for the comprehensive statistics of all types of accidents throughout the plant, and all functional departments shall submit information on accidents to the safety and technology department on time. 　　Section 2: Accident Grades and Loss Calculation Article 412: Equipment accidents shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions set out in the \"Management System for Equipment and Power in Chemical Industry Enterprises\" (No. 43 [1989] Huasheng Zi). 　　Article 413: Fire accidents shall be handled in accordance with the \"Regulations on Fire Statistics Management\" jointly issued by the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Labor, and the **Statistics Bureau (Order No. 26 [1989] issued by the Ministry of Public Security). 　　Article 414: Traffic accidents shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry of Public Security’s “Notice on Doing a Good Job in Traffic Management Statistics”. 　　Article 415: Injury and death accidents shall be handled in accordance with the \"Classification of Injury and Death Accidents among Enterprise Employees\", the \"Rules for Investigating and Analyzing Occupational Injury and Death Accidents in Enterprises\" (GB6441–6442–), and the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Chemical Industry. 　　Article 416: The classification of levels and the methods for calculating losses in other types of accidents shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations of **the relevant authorities. 　　Section 3: Emergency Response and Rescue Article 417: In the event of an accident in an enterprise, it is necessary to take active measures for rescue and handle the situation properly in order to prevent the accident from spreading or worsening. 　　Article 418: In the event of a major accident, enterprise leaders must provide direct supervision, while departments responsible for safety technology, equipment and power supply, production, fire prevention, and security should assist in carrying out rescue operations and setting up security measures at the scene. During rescue operations, it is important to protect the scene. When it is necessary to move objects from the scene in order to treat the injured and prevent the accident from spreading, proper markings must be made. 　　Article 419: At the scene of an accident involving a large release of hazardous substances or a fire, a perimeter barrier must be set up. Rescue personnel should wear appropriate protective equipment, and those who have suffered poisoning, burns, or scalds must receive prompt medical treatment. 　　Section 4: Accident Reporting Procedures Article 420: The person who first discovers an accident shall, in addition to taking immediate action, report it to the supervisor or dispatch center using the fastest possible method. And then report it up level by level. In the event of any major accident, the enterprise must promptly report an overview of the accident – including the time and place of occurrence, the causes, as well as information on casualties and economic losses – to higher-level authorities and relevant departments within 24 hours, using rapid methods. If the situation continues, report at any time. 　　Article 421: The grassroots unit where an accident occurs shall fill out an accident report in accordance with the regulations and submit it to the enterprise’s competent authority. The time limit for submission is three days for minor accidents, and seven days for major accidents. 　　Article 422: In the case of a major accident, the enterprise shall prepare an accident investigation report and submit it to the relevant superior authorities within 20 days after the accident occurs. 　　Article 423: In the case of major liability accidents, in addition to reporting in accordance with relevant regulations, it is also necessary to report to the local people’s procuratorate. 　　Article 424: In the event of any casualties occurring to personnel from external organizations while working, conducting practical training, or receiving training within an enterprise, the enterprise shall compile statistics and submit reports in accordance with the prescribed format. 　　Article 425: In the case of any worker injured at work, if, one month after the injury occurred, the injury changes from a minor one to a serious one, or from a serious one to death, it shall no longer be reported as an incident involving a serious injury or death. 　　Section 5: Allocation of Responsibilities Article 426: Enterprise safety management shall adopt a responsibility system that combines the principal’s responsibility with the divided responsibilities of relevant leaders. If an accident occurs due to a deputy failing to carry out or delaying the tasks assigned by the principal, the deputy shall bear primary responsibility. If a deputy fails to have their reports and suggestions to the superior taken seriously or supported, or if those issues are not addressed, resulting in consequences, the superior shall bear primary responsibility. 　　Article 427: If a company’s rules and regulations are inadequate or unscientific, the chief engineer and the plant manager in charge are responsible for this. If the management department has formulated such rules and regulations or suggested their formulation, but the leadership fails to issue them or to implement them, then the leadership is accountable. 　　Article 428: If the design is defective or does not conform to the design specifications, the designer and the approver shall be held responsible. If design defects are discovered during construction or production and measures could have been taken to address them but were not, the leaders of the construction or production department bear primary responsibility. If measures have been established but not implemented, resulting in an accident, the person who failed to comply is responsible. 　　Article 429: Any scientific and technological achievement that is transferred, applied, or promoted must undergo technical evaluation. If such achievements do not include measures for dust control, poison prevention, fire protection, explosion prevention, as well as handling of waste materials, along with safety operating procedures, the responsibility of the research and design unit shall be held. 　　Article 430: The manufacturing and construction departments shall be held responsible for any accidents that occur as a result of failing to manufacture or construct in strict accordance with the drawings, or proceeding with construction without approval after the design has been altered. 　　Article 431: In the event of an accident caused by a violation of regulations by someone holding a safety operation permit, the violator shall be held responsible ； Those who work without a safety permit and cause an accident shall be held responsible for it; if an accident occurs while working under assignment, the person who assigned the task bears primary responsibility. 　　Article 432: During their apprenticeship, apprentice workers must work under the supervision of their master; if an accident occurs as a result of them operating equipment without following the master’s instructions, they shall be held responsible ； If an accident occurs while operating under the instructor’s guidance, the instructor bears primary responsibility. 　　Article 433: In the event of a major accident resulting from poor management, lax discipline, and serious violations of rules and regulations, the responsible senior leaders shall be held accountable. 　　Section 6: Investigation and Handling Article 434: In the event of an accident in an enterprise, it must be handled in accordance with the principle of \"three no tolerances\" (no tolerance if the cause of the accident has not been identified, no tolerance if those responsible for the accident and the people around them have not received education, and no tolerance if no preventive measures have been taken). 　　Article 435: For ordinary accidents or serious attempted accidents, an investigation shall be organized by the workshop and the relevant department leaders after the accident occurs, and an accident analysis meeting shall be held. 　　Article 436: In the event of a major accident, the leaders of the enterprise or the competent authorities in charge of the enterprise shall organize an investigation into the accident and its handling, with the participation of relevant personnel. 　　Article 437: The investigation and handling of casualty accidents shall be carried out in accordance with the Provisions on the Reporting and Handling of Casualty Accidents Involving Enterprise Employees (Order No. 75 of the State Council dated March 1, 1991). 　　Article 438: Those who cause major accidents due to refusal to comply with management requirements, violation of rules and regulations, or forcing workers to carry out dangerous tasks in violation of regulations, thereby committing the crimes of gross negligence resulting in a major accident and dereliction of duty, shall be punished in accordance with the law by the judicial authorities. 　　Article 439: The penalties for those responsible for an accident may vary depending on the severity of the accident, the extent of the losses, the seriousness of the circumstances, and the degree of impact. Such penalties may include ordering them to compensate for the economic losses incurred, or imposing administrative warnings, reprimands, serious reprimands, demotions, salary cuts, dismissal from office, suspension with pay, or even prosecution for criminal liability. 　　Article 441 Enterprises shall commend and reward individuals who have made contributions to preventing or rescuing accidents. 　　Article 442: Chemical industry authorities at all levels shall confer various honorary titles or awards on organizations and individuals that excel in safety management and safe production. 　　Chapter 20 Supplementary Provisions Article 443 Enterprises shall, in accordance with these regulations and taking into account actual circumstances, formulate or revise their own safety management systems. 　　The enterprise’s safety management systems shall not be in conflict with this system. 　　Article 444: This system shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Chemical Industry. 　　Article 445 This system shall come into effect as of October 1, 1991. The \"Safety Management System for Chemical Enterprises\" issued in 1980 under Document No. 1488 of the Chemical Regulation Department in 1980 was simultaneously repealed. 　　Appendix: Explanations of Relevant Provisions in the \"Safety Management System for Chemical Enterprises\" This system constitutes a fundamental framework for safety management in chemical enterprises; it sets out principle requirements and regulations only for issues that are common across such enterprises. Each chemical enterprise should, based on these principle requirements and regulations, as well as taking into account the specific conditions of its own region and the enterprise itself, formulate or revise its own safety management system. To help the implementing units properly understand and implement the \"System,\" we have prepared explanations of the relevant articles of the System, providing appropriate interpretations for those clauses that may give rise to misunderstandings, or giving notes on the origins of certain provisions, generally in a concise manner. 　　1. Article 2: “All chemical enterprises…” Chemical mining, chemical machinery manufacturing, and chemical infrastructure construction firms have distinct industry characteristics; therefore, in addition to complying with the general provisions of this system, these industries must also adhere to safety regulations specific to their sector. 　　2. Article 6: “Enterprise safety work is subject to the responsibility system of administrative authorities at all levels.” ” 　　The factory director (manager) of an enterprise is the legal representative of that enterprise and shall bear full responsibility for the safe production within the company. He must personally pay attention to matters related to safe production and ensure comprehensive safety management, as clearly stipulated in Document No. 67 [1978]. 　　3. Article 9(5) stipulates that \"based on actual circumstances, safety professionals shall be assigned and strengthened at a rate of 2–5‰ of the total number of employees in the enterprise...\" ” 　　As stipulated in Article 9 of Document Guo Fa [1979] No. 100, “Report on Strengthening Dust and Poison Prevention in Industrial Enterprises”. 　　4. Article 18(2) regarding “all design projects must include a ‘Special Section on Occupational Safety and Health’...”. ” 　　The relevant provisions are set out in Ministry of Labor Document No. 48 [1988], titled “Interim Provisions on the Supervision of Occupational Safety and Health in Productive Construction Projects”; for the detailed contents, see Annex 1 of this document, “Outline for Compiling the Special Section on Occupational Safety and Health”. 　　5. Article 18(2) states that \"...the safety and hygiene design of production equipment shall be carried out in accordance with the ‘General Principles for Safety and Hygiene Design of Production Equipment’ (GB5083–)...\" The standards cited in these regulations do not include the standard year; only the standard name and standard number are specified. The implementing entities shall follow the standards with the most recent year designation, that is, the latest version of those standards. 　　6. Article 21 on the “safety responsibilities of the safety technology department” The safety technology department is a comprehensive management unit responsible for ensuring compliance with various safety regulations, systems, and standards that must be adhered to during a company’s production and operational activities. This requires the cooperation of all relevant departments within the company (sections, divisions, offices), each acting within its own scope of responsibility. The safety department primarily plays a role in inspection and supervision to ensure that these safety regulations, systems, and standards are implemented. 　　7. Article 22 on the “safety responsibilities of the fire prevention (security) department”: The Regulations do not mention traffic accidents that occur outside the factory; such accidents can be handled by the security department on behalf of the enterprise, or the enterprise’s management can designate a specific department to handle them based on the specific circumstances of the enterprise. 　　8. Articles 21(7) and 22(4) both stipulate responsibilities for firework management, as this task involves both of these departments. Considering that, while in most enterprises firework management is handled by the safety department, in some enterprises it is managed by the fire prevention (security) department or by both departments together, in order not to disrupt the existing division of labor within enterprises, it is up to each enterprise to decide which department shall be responsible for firework management based on its own circumstances. 　　9. Article 48 regarding the issuance of \"safety operation permits\": This provision emphasizes that before employees can carry out work independently, they must first pass training and assessment to obtain the necessary qualifications; this is different from the three-level safety education and assessment required for new employees entering the factory, as a safety operation permit is not issued until they pass those three-level safety education tests. The assessment criteria for obtaining a safety operation certificate cover a range of topics including processes, equipment, instruments, electrical systems, safety measures, industrial hygiene, as well as operational procedures and management. By obtaining such a certificate, an employee proves that they have mastered the necessary operational knowledge and skills for their position, and thus no other certificates are required. 　　10. Article 49 states that \"for special operation personnel, in addition to obtaining a special operation permit, they must also obtain a safety operation permit issued by their own enterprise.\" ” 　　Obtaining a special operations worker’s certification merely proves that one has mastered the basic safety knowledge related to the tasks involved in that type of work; however, this does not mean that one has acquired the basic safety knowledge necessary for working in the specific environment of that particular manufacturing enterprise. Therefore, special operations workers must hold two types of certifications before they can carry out independent work. 　　11. Chapter 5, “Process Operation,” only specifies the basic safety aspects related to the normal operation, startup, and shutdown of chemical production processes. 　　12. Article 68 regarding “suspending all maintenance operations when necessary……” ” 　　It means that all maintenance work (including hot work) must be halted in the systems or workshops where driving is involved; whereas in unrelated systems or workshops, maintenance or other operations can be carried out as long as sufficient safety measures are in place. 　　13. The critical positions referred to in Chapter 6, “Critical Positions in Production,” are discussed within the context of chemical production; they have a different meaning from those critical positions considered from the perspectives of security and firefighting. Therefore, they are termed “critical positions in production” here. 　　14. Article 86 states that \"...the value of its alarm signal should be set below 20% of the lower explosive limit of that gas; if it is used in conjunction with safety interlocks, the action of those interlocks should occur at a level below 50% of the lower explosive limit of that gas.\" ” 　　The \"Technical Specifications for Electrical Design in Areas at Risk of Explosion and Fire in Chemical Enterprises\" (CD90A4) stipulate that automatic measuring devices should be installed to monitor the concentration of any explosive gases or vapors that may accumulate in such areas; these devices must be able to send a signal or cut off the power supply reliably when the concentration of gases or vapors approaches 50% of the lower explosive limit. This Regulation sets the signal activation value at below 20% of the lower explosive limit, and the interlock activation value at below 50% of the lower explosive limit, in order to achieve early warning and timely handling, thus ensuring normal production. 　　15. Article 100: Hot work is subject to three levels of management. ” 　　The three categories of hot work specified by our department – special hot work, level 1 hot work, and level 2 hot work – correspond to level 1 hot work, level 2 hot work, and level 3 hot work as defined by the Ministry of Public Security. 　　16. Article 105(3) regarding “the use of a detonation detector... such instrument must be calibrated and found to be qualified using a standard sample of the object to be tested.” ” 　　The calibration of the explosive detector must be carried out in accordance with the specific instructions provided by the manufacturer. At the same time, when selecting a detonation detector, it is necessary to choose **special products designated by the quality supervision authorities. 　　17. Article 140: Regarding “compressed gases and liquefied gases... when in use, there should be a residual pressure inside the gas cylinders, which must not be lower than 0.05 megapascals (MPa)...”. ” 　　Gas cylinders filled with gases are usually evaluated based on the remaining pressure, which is generally required to be no less than 0.05 MPa. For cylinders filled with liquefied gases, the remaining weight is used as a criterion; for example, in the case of liquid chlorine, the provisions of the \"Safety Regulations for Chlorine Gas\" (GB11984–) must be followed. 　　18. Article 159 states that regarding the disposal of waste such as chemical hazardous materials and radioactive substances… it may only be disposed of upon approval by the local authorities. ” 　　The local authorities in question generally refer to the public security department, environmental protection department, or labor department. 　　19. Article 160 states that \"any containers, equipment, or pipelines that have been removed and contain hazardous materials must first be cleaned thoroughly and passed inspection before they can be scrapped.\" ” 　　The handling and cleaning of packaging materials for highly toxic substances must take into account the prevention of environmental pollution and secondary contamination. After treatment, the waste must be disposed of or released, with the approval of the local environmental protection authorities required. 　　20. Article 193 states that \"for switching operations on high-voltage equipment and large-capacity low-voltage switchboards..., they must be carried out by two persons, with a technically skilled person acting as supervisor.\" ” 　　Since low-voltage main panels are generally not single circuits but multiple circuits, with power supplied from various sources, the working conditions are relatively complex; therefore, two people must be involved in the operation, and a skilled technician should act as the supervisor. 　　21. Article 195 stipulates that “personnel operating electrolytic rectifiers shall also comply with the following provisions.” ” 　　This clause applies only to the electrolytic rectification of table salt; operators of other types of electrolytic rectifiers shall follow the safety regulations established for their respective fields. 　　22. Article 221 states that “...it is necessary to strengthen construction organization and management, and prepare a construction plan (construction organization design) in accordance with the approved construction drawings...”. ” 　　The construction plan is prepared by the construction unit. It should include details on the construction tasks, safety measures for work, emergency response procedures in case of accidents, as well as the names of the project supervisor, safety officer, and safety supervisors. If the construction is related to production workshops, matters regarding coordination and cooperation with those workshops should also be specified. 　　23. Article 242(3) regarding “the location where excavated soil is piled up……” ” 　　The stacking location for the excavated soil is usually set at 0.8 meters; at the corners of trenches, it should be no less than 1.5 meters. However, due to differences in soil quality, the depth required for digging trenches, ditches, pits, etc. varies, and thus does the stacking location. Detailed requirements should be followed in accordance with the \"Safety Technical Regulations for Building Installation Projects\". 　　24. Article 243: Specific requirements regarding blasting operations. It shall be carried out in accordance with the \"Blasting Safety Regulations\" (GB7822–). 　　25. Article 244 states that “for all maintenance tasks, a maintenance work order must be prepared prior to the maintenance work……” ” 　　Whether it is temporary maintenance or emergency repairs, a maintenance task order must be issued. This is especially true for emergency repairs, which are often carried out in a hurry; the chaos that results can lead to negligence and an increased risk of accidents. Therefore, temporary maintenance or emergency repairs also require the issuance of a maintenance task order, to identify the person responsible for the tasks, to implement safety measures, and to provide the maintenance staff with all the necessary information. To ensure the safety of the maintenance process. 　　26. Article 326 on “safe vehicles”: Refers to motor vehicles that have passed inspection and are equipped with flame arrestors and static electricity elimination devices before entering the premises of chemical enterprises. 　　27. Article 409(5) regarding “fire accidents: …all are considered fire accidents.” ” 　　In accordance with the provisions of Articles 3 and 4 of Document No. 26 [1989] issued by the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Labor, and the **Statistics Bureau, \"all fires, regardless of the extent of the damage, are included in the statistics.\" ” 　　28. Article 412: The calculation of economic losses resulting from equipment accidents is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the \"Management Regulations for Equipment and Power in Chemical Industry Enterprises\" (No. 43 [1989] issued by the Chemical Industry Department): a. Major equipment accidents: Those in which equipment damage leads to a shutdown of the entire plant for more than 72 hours, or where the cost of repairing third-class pressure vessels exceeds 500,000 yuan. 　　b. Major equipment accident: Equipment damage that affects the production of products from multiple system installations (finished or semi-finished products), resulting in a 50% loss in daily operational plans ； A major equipment accident is defined as a situation in which the daily production output of a large-scale single-series installation is lost by 100% or the repair costs reach 100,000 yuan. 　　c. Minor accidents: Equipment damage that affects product output, resulting in a loss of more than 10% of the daily production plan, or repair costs exceeding 10,000 yuan. 　　d. Minor equipment incidents: Equipment damage that affects product output, production plans, and repair costs are lower than those of typical incidents. 　　29. Article 413: The calculation of economic losses resulting from fire accidents is carried out in accordance with the provisions set out in the \"Regulations on Fire Statistics Management\" jointly issued by the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Labor, and the **Statistics Bureau (Document No. [89] Gong Fa 26): a. Extra-large fires: ten or more deaths (including this number, the same applies below) ； Twenty or more people seriously injured ； Death or serious injuries to 20 or more people ； More than 50 households affected ； The damage from the burning of property exceeded 500,000 yuan. 　　b. Major fire: three or more deaths ； Ten or more people seriously injured ； Death or serious injuries to ten or more people ； More than 30 households affected ； The loss from the burning of property exceeds 50,000 yuan. 　　c. Combustion accidents that do not fall under the first two categories are considered ordinary accidents.

I’m not sure if what’s provided upstairs is what you need. In any case, our company has established corresponding safety management systems and regulations in accordance with the relevant provisions outlined in these rules; there are over 30 such systems in total.

“Regulations on Safety Management in Chemical Enterprises (Draft for Review):” To be implemented as of [date]. The \"Safety Management System for Chemical Enterprises\" issued by the former Ministry of Chemical Industry on April 14, 1991, under document No. (91) Hua Lao Zi No. 247, was simultaneously repealed. This post was last edited by Meiyu Jidai 615 on 2009-2-13 12:14.]