Nickel smelting equipment

The technology for producing nickel ferro using laterite nickel ore and electric furnaces: There are two methods for the pyrometallurgical processing of laterite nickel ore; one is to produce it using a blast furnace, and the other is to obtain nickel ferro through reduction melting in an electric furnace. Since blast furnace smelting was one of the earliest methods for nickel production, it has been gradually phased out as production scales have expanded, smelting technologies have improved, steel mills have placed higher demands on nickel-based raw materials, and environmental protection requirements have become stricter. Electric furnace melting is used: (1) The temperature of the melt pool is easy to control, and high temperatures can be achieved; it is possible to process raw materials containing large amounts of refractory substances. The slag can be easily overheated, which facilitates the reduction of iron tetroxide, and the slag contains fewer valuable metals ； (2) The amount of furnace gas is low, and the dust content is low ； (3) Production is easy to control, convenient to operate, and suitable for mechanization and automation. Therefore, electric furnace melting is the trend of development. Since the melting point of laterite nickel ore ranges between 1600 and 1700 K, the stability of the mineral oxides that make up laterite nickel ore follows the order: CaO > SiO2 > Fe2O3 > NiO. The stability of an oxide determines the degree of reducibility of the corresponding element; therefore, in a reducing atmosphere, the reduction order of these oxides in laterite nickel ore is: NiO > Fe2O3 > SiO2 > CaO. To improve the quality of nickel-iron products, electric furnace nickel-iron smelting employs the principle of selective reduction, that is, a carbon-deficient process: during the reduction and melting in the electric furnace, almost all nickel oxides are reduced to metal, whereas iron does not need to be fully reduced to metallic iron; the degree of iron reduction is adjusted by controlling the amount of reducing agent, coke, added. Nickel has a high density, which can easily cause erosion or burn-through of the furnace walls and bottom during production (with production cycles of less than 1 month), leading to frequent electrode failures and products with low nickel content. Therefore, the key technologies for nickel-iron smelting in electric furnaces are: (1) extending the furnace life, (2) reducing electrode failures, and (3) increasing the nickel content in the product and the nickel recovery rate. Technical measures for nickel-iron smelting in electric furnaces: 1) Use magnesium-based materials for constructing the furnace; during this process, it is necessary to prepare an appropriate adhesive and control its amount ； During ramming, each layer of material should be 40–60 mm thick, and it must be compacted tightly using a pneumatic ram. After ramming and removing any excess material, the next layer can be applied and rammed ； During the furnace drying process, the moisture must be removed. 2) Use carbon bricks to construct the furnace; instead of placing the bricks horizontally, they are placed vertically. Holes are drilled in the middle of the bricks and connected together using small graphite electrodes to form a single unit. The gaps between the bricks are filled with carbon-based materials, and these gaps are compacted tightly using pneumatic hammers. 3) When building the furnace, there should be a certain height difference between the two tapholes; the higher taphole is used in the early stages of production, while the lower taphole is used once the bottom of the furnace has eroded to a certain extent. 4) Control the carbon addition amount and increase the voltage applied to the electrodes, as well as regulate the depth of electrode insertion, to prevent erosion at the bottom of the furnace. 5) Control the slag type properly, especially the FeO content in the slag; this affects both the electrical conductivity of the slag and its melting point, thereby impacting the nickel recovery rate. 6) Nickel ore needs to be dried and dehydrated prior to being fed into the furnace; controlling the carbon content and moisture levels during drying and preheating helps to reduce the occurrence of slag splashing incidents, as well as electrode-related problems caused by such splashing. 7) When pressing the electrodes, do so frequently but in small amounts ； If conditions permit, carbon electrodes or graphite electrodes can also be used. 8) Strengthen smelting operations, conduct frequent inspections, and make regular adjustments.

Which company does the poster work for? Jinchuan? Jean? Fukang-Karatonk? Jinping? Yuanjiang? Chengdu Electro-Metallurgy? Don’t stay at Chengdu Electro-Metallurgy at all – there’s no future there! Equipment: Pyrometallurgical processes: sintering machines, closed-drum blast furnaces, electric furnaces, flash furnaces, ISA furnaces, Osmund furnaces, oxygen top-blown converters, PS converters, Kaldo converters, reverberatory furnaces. Ore processing: jaw crushing, ball milling, classifiers, flotation machines, magnetic separators, thickeners. Wet process: electrolytic cells, Pachuk cells, fluidized beds, atmospheric stirring tanks, pressurized leaching tanks, thickeners, heat exchangers (plate, tube, coil type), filter presses, tubular filters, leaf filters, evaporators, extraction tanks. For details on the process, see \"Nickel Metallurgy\"

I mainly need a book on the introduction and usage methods of smelting equipment. Can anyone provide one?

There are several books on the forum; you can take a look at them at http://bbs.hcbbs.com/viewthread.php?tid=250542 and http://bbs.hcbbs.com/thread-154516-1-22.html