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Project Proposal for the Construction of a New CO2 Plant for Liquid Foods Meeting International Standards, with an Annual Production Capacity of 20,000 tons xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx June 2006 Table of Contents 1. Purpose and Significance of Project Construction............................... 3 2. Preliminary Market Forecast Analysis...................................5 3. Product Options and Production Scale................................10 4. Preliminary Process Technology Plan..................................11 5. Supply of Raw Materials, Fuels, and Power.........................13 6. Preliminary Plans for Factory Location and Construction Conditions...........................14 7. Preliminary Plans for Utility Systems and Auxiliary Facilities.......................15 8. Environmental Protection..........................................16 9. Factory Organization and Labor Force Estimation..........................16 10. Preliminary Plan for Project Implementation................................16 11. Investment Estimate and Fund Raising Plan.......... .... ..........17 12. Preliminary Evaluation of Economic and Social Benefits...................18 13. Conclusions and Recommendations.......................................19 1. Purpose and Significance of Project Construction Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the relatively abundant chemical substances; its sources include natural sources as well as those generated during chemical reactions. CO2 exists in three physical states: gas, liquid, and solid. Under normal temperature and pressure, it is a colorless gas with a slight acidic taste. Under standard conditions, one cubic meter of CO2 gas weighs 1.9769 Kg. At one standard atmosphere pressure, its sublimation temperature is -78.5°C, its critical temperature is 31.1°C, its critical pressure is 7.3967 Mpa, and its relative molecular mass is 44.01. It cannot burn, is easy to liquefy, and its density is 1.53 times that of air. Applying pressure below the critical temperature can liquefy CO2 gas into colorless liquid CO2. Based on the mass of CO2 and its intended use, it can be divided into industrial grade and food grade. Depending on the physical state of CO2, it exists in three forms: gaseous, liquid, and solid (dry ice). The synthesis ammonia shift gas contains about 27% CO2, which must be removed before synthesis of ammonia. At present, most manufacturers use the CO2 produced after decarburization to produce urea, ammonium carbonate, or for other purposes. However, in some enterprises, due to limitations in the production process and the effects of ammonia balance, large amounts of CO2 are released into the atmosphere, which not only damages the ecological environment and contributes to the greenhouse effect but also wastes this valuable resource. On February 16, 2005, the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change officially entered into force. As the world’s first legally binding international environmental agreement, it mandated that industrialized countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% compared to 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012. Because climate change has become an issue that cannot be ignored, and it is one of the most serious environmental problems facing humanity. The reason for this phenomenon is the massive emission of greenhouse gases caused by human activities. This is especially caused by the rapid increase in CO2 pollution resulting from the extensive use of chemical industry fuels based primarily on coal and oil. If no proactive measures are taken to reduce emissions, climate warming poses a severe threat to economic development and even human survival, becoming the greatest challenge to societal progress. Currently, the world emits over 8 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere each year, with China accounting for around 10%, making it the second-largest emitter in the world. Although China is considered a developing country under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism is closely related to China’s interests. Therefore, the recycling of carbon dioxide is of great importance; it is an essential task for implementing the Central Government’s scientific development concept, promoting energy recycling, strengthening environmental protection, and building a harmonious socialist society. In fact, CO2 is a valuable resource that can be utilized; it has been listed by various international organizations as one of the gases most compatible with humans. It is widely used in industries such as the chemical industry, food industry, mechanical processing, and oil extraction. However, the global annual consumption of CO2 is currently less than 100 million tons, which represents a significant waste. The true solution for CO2 in our country lies in adopting the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) to establish a CO2-related industrial chain, thereby meeting the standards of a circular economy. Today, a surge in efforts to develop and utilize CO2 as a resource is underway in our country, for both industrial-grade and food-grade liquid CO2. Its areas of application are being greatly expanded. 1.1 Industrial-grade CO2 is mainly used in: 1.1.1 CO2 gas shielded welding: CO2 gas shielded welding is one of the key technologies promoted in China’s welding industry; with an increasing rate of adoption, the annual growth rate is expected to be around 10%. 1.1.2 CO2 fire extinguishing systems: As living standards improve, there has been a significant increase in the use of CO2 fire extinguishing systems in hotels, luxury residences, cars, as well as enterprises and institutions. As a result, the consumption of CO2 in fire extinguishing equipment is increasing at a rate of 8–12% per year. 1.1.3 CO2 gas fertilizer: CO2 and water are the two basic raw materials for plant photosynthesis, and the industrialization of agricultural production is the only path to agricultural modernization. The establishment of food and vegetable production bases has opened up new avenues for the use of CO2 as a gaseous fertilizer in agriculture, with growth rates expected to exceed 5% as well. 1.1.4 C02 has currently made breakthrough advances in areas such as traditional Chinese medicine, food, fragrances, petrochemicals, biochemistry, and oil extraction. As a new type of low-cost technology, it will become increasingly popular, and it also provides an opportunity for C02 to be utilized. 1.2. Food-grade CO2 is mainly used in: 1.2.1 The beverage and beer industry: This industry represents the primary market for food-grade CO2. At present, the consumption of beverages and beer in our country is much lower than that in developed countries; however, as the living standards of the people in our country continue to improve, the demand for food-grade CO2 in this industry is expected to grow at a rate of over 25% per year. 1.2.2 Tobacco industry: With increasing environmental regulations and stricter requirements for food additives, there are significant opportunities for the use of CO2 in the tobacco industry. The use of liquid food CO2 for the expansion of tobacco shreds allows each box of cigarettes to save 2.5–3.0 kg of raw tobacco shreds, and it also improves the quality of the expanded tobacco shreds. The cigarette industry requires approximately 1.9 million tons of CO2 per year, based on an annual production of 30 million cartons. 1.2.3 Anti-corrosion and preservation industry: Food-grade CO2 or the dry ice produced from it remains the preferred choice for preserving food, vegetables, fruits, and aquatic products in a \"green\" manner. It is also highly effective in areas such as frozen food production, refrigerated transportation, medical freezing, and pest control and storage of grains. In the nitrogen fertilizer production process, CO2 is used as a by-product in the manufacture of chemical fertilizers such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate; however, due to changes in the product mix, an excess amount of CO2 is emitted. With the rapid development of industries that utilize liquid CO2, this has spurred growth in the liquid CO2 industry as well. Fertilizer manufacturers possess technical and resource advantages in CO2 recovery; therefore, an increasing number of them are beginning to make use of excess CO2. Hebei xx Chemical Co., Ltd. is a well-known nitrogen fertilizer manufacturer in Hebei Province that uses coal as its raw material. Through decades of development, it has achieved a production capacity of 180,000 tons of ammonia per year, with various indicators ranking among the best in China. With the adjustment of the product structure, a considerable amount of excess CO2 gas is also vented (see the CO2 material balance table for details). To make full use of CO2 resources and improve corporate efficiency, the installation of a new 20,000 t/a liquid food-grade CO2 plant that meets international standards is a cost-effective project that delivers quick results, offering benefits both for business operations and environmental protection. As the application areas of carbon dioxide continue to expand, the market prospects are becoming increasingly favorable. Currently, there is strong demand for it in industries such as beverages, tobacco, food refrigeration and preservation, welding protection, foaming agents, plant gas fertilizers, and firefighting. If we take 350 kilometers as the service radius for our factory’s CO2 products, there are currently no high-quality CO2 production enterprises within this area. In the entire Hebei province, there are only four or five small CO2 production companies, and our factory’s production capacity is far from sufficient to meet market demand. Once the decarbonization project at our factory is completed, there will be a large surplus of CO2 gas. Therefore, fully recycling this CO2 not only meets the growing market demand and generates economic benefits for the company, but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, offering significant environmental benefits. 2. Preliminary market forecast analysis 2.1. Current supply and demand situation of the product in domestic and international markets, preliminary forecasts for short-term and long-term demand, as well as the main areas of consumption 2.1.1 Overview of CO2 utilization abroad The United States is the world’s largest producer and consumer of CO2; it has over 90 CO2 production facilities with a total capacity of around 8 million tons per year. CO2 is primarily generated as a by-product in ammonia synthesis plants, petrochemical plants, ethanol production facilities, and natural gas processing plants. The utilization rate of CO2 production facilities in the United States is around 60%, and production has remained at approximately 4.5 million tons per year in recent years. The sources of CO2 in Japan are mainly heavy oil desulfurization hydrogen production plants, ammonia synthesis decarbonization, blast furnace ironmaking, petrochemical plants, and by-products from wineries. Japan’s C02 production capacity is 1.16 million tons per year, while the market demand is around 1 million tons. The fields of application differ significantly from those in the United States, and the industry has been growing at a rate of 8% to 10% per year in recent years. Western Europe’s C02 consumption is around 2 million tons per year, of which over 80% is in liquid form. The sources of C02 gas are mainly C02 separated from natural gas wells and C02 produced as a by-product in ammonia synthesis plants. Among the Western European countries, Germany has the highest CO2 production, with over 30 plants for producing liquid CO2. The consumption growth rate of the C02 market in Western Europe is estimated to be between 3% and 4% in the coming years. The distribution of CO2 consumption abroad is shown in Table 1. Region: Food industry, Beverages and beer, Oil and gas well operations, Metal processing, Steel, Fire extinguishing and aerosols, Others. United States: 46% 20% 11% 5% —— 8%. Japan: 12% 17% 44% 12%. Western Europe: 68% 8%. 2.1.2 Overview of CO2 utilization in China: China possesses very abundant CO2 resources that can be utilized. The main source is (1) the gases emitted from the decarburization process in ammonia synthesis plants ； (2) CO2 gas from gas fields (3) Waste gases emitted by distilleries and breweries ； (4) By-product gas from hydrogen production equipment ； (5) Limestone calcination kiln gas ； (6) By-products gas from petrochemical industries. During the 1970s and 1980s, domestic ammonia synthesis plants and alcohol factories began to recycle CO2, with their production capacities all below 3,000 tons per year; such production was mainly for internal use or determined by demand, and the domestic production and consumption of CO2 were less than 30,000 tons at that time. In the early 1990s, domestic production and sales of CO2 surged to over 200,000 tons, and the market began to take shape. With the diversified development of China’s industrial and agricultural economy, domestic demand for CO2 is experiencing rapid growth. By the end of 1997, more than 50 medium-sized ammonia synthesis plants in China had installed 34 CO2 recovery units, with a total capacity of around 230,000 tons per year. The smallest capacity among these units was 1,000 tons per year, while the largest was 30,000 tons per year; 9 of these units had a capacity of over 10,000 tons per year. More than a hundred alcohol and beer plants in the country have installed CO2 recovery and purification systems, with a total production capacity of 180,000 tons per year; the largest capacity among them is 20,000 tons per year, while most have a capacity of 1,000 tons per year ； More than 10 large-scale CO2 production facilities have been built or are under construction in refineries and petrochemical plants, accounting for about 50% of China’s total CO2 output. The CO2 products from the two large gas fields in the north and south – those developed by the East China Petroleum Geology Bureau using the Huangqiao C02 gas field in Jiangsu, and by the Northeast Petroleum Geology Bureau using the Wanjinta CO2 gas field in Jilin – have also been introduced to the market one after another, with a total production capacity of over 150,000 tons per year. After 2000, the development accelerated further. The average growth rate of consumption is expected to be 15%-20% in the coming years. The rapid growth in domestic demand for CO2 has attracted significant attention from many overseas CO2 companies. The swift development of these CO2 production facilities is closely linked to the involvement of renowned foreign gas companies. In recent years, major global industrial gas companies such as BOC in the UK, Air Liquide in France, Praxair and CBI in the US, Iwaki in Japan, as well as Jingfu in Taiwan, China, have successively invested in China, establishing factories in provinces and cities with abundant resources and great market potential. Among them, the British company BOC has made the largest investments, established the most joint ventures in our country, and also has the highest production volume and market share of liquid CO2. Using the new C02 production equipment it has developed as a form of capital investment, BOC has introduced 8 sets of liquid CO2 production facilities with a capacity of 10,000 tons per year in China; 6 of these facilities have already been put into operation in Fushun, Dalian, Qian’an, Jiaonan, Xingjia, Zijiang, and other locations. One of the world’s three major industrial gas companies, Praxair from the United States, operates a solid CO2 production project that utilizes the most advanced technologies available to recover the CO2 emitted by Baling Petrochemicals. The first phase of this project involved an investment of $8 million, with a designed production capacity of 30,000 tons per year. Air Liquide and Jingfu Company operate jointly to develop and produce industrial gases such as CO2 in key coastal cities like Qingdao and Shanghai; in order to increase their market share and competitiveness, they continue to expand their operations. For example, Linde and Shanghai Coking are planning to jointly build a 60,000-ton/year refining plant. Collaboration with foreign companies has raised the overall technical level of our industry. In the 1990s, the Guangzhou Nitrogen Fertilizer Factory in China and Jiangsu Huayang Liquid Carbon Company succeeded in using catalytic oxidation to purify CO2 for production. The catalysts and equipment used were domestically sourced; the process was simple, the level of automation was high, costs were significantly reduced, and the product quality met international standards. 2.1.3 Distribution and structure of domestic CO2 consumption: There are significant differences among various provinces and cities in terms of domestic market demand and consumption structure in China. Coastal open cities and economically developed provinces have high demand, and their consumption patterns vary depending on the industrial structure of each province and city. The CO2 market in Guangdong Province is quite active, with the province’s CO2 production capacity exceeding 100,000 tons per year. The average annual growth in CO2 consumption between 1997 and 2002 was estimated to be around 10%. Among them, carbonated drinks account for 27.77%; beer 7.36%; frozen products 7.61%; dry ice 17.4%; cigarettes 10.67%; welding 25.28%; packaging, storage, and transportation of grains 11.05%; and other uses 6.52%. The CO2 market and structure in Jiangsu Province are basically similar to those in Guangdong. Shanghai’s C02 consumption has been over 50,000 tons per year, with an average annual growth rate of around 11% in recent years. Shandong currently has a CO2 production capacity of around 100,000 tons per year, of which beer and carbonated beverages account for 30%; tobacco accounts for 30%; freezing and refrigeration account for 15%; welding accounts for 10%; oil field applications account for 6%; gas fertilizers account for 6%; and pharmaceuticals, fire protection, etc. account for 3%. In the Northeast region, 35% is used for welding, 21% for oil field drive gas, 22% for beverages and beer, 18% as gaseous fertilizers for greenhouse vegetables, and 4% for other purposes. The main applications of CO2 in Zhejiang currently include the field of industrial gas shielded welding, which accounts for around 60-70% of the total market in Zhejiang. These applications are primarily found in coastal cities with developed industries and shipbuilding sectors, such as Ningbo, Zhoushan, Wenzhou, and Taizhou ； Next is the food processing sector, such as beer and beverage production, as well as the tobacco fluffing industry. It is mainly distributed in Hangzhou, Wenzhou, Ningbo and other places. In the market of Hebei Province, the quality standards primarily follow GB/T6052—93 (industrial grade) and GB10621-89 (food grade); there are yet no products that meet international standards (such as those set by the Food and Beverage Association, Coca-Cola). At present, there are only a few CO2 manufacturers in Hebei Province and the surrounding areas of Shandong Province. The equipment used by these manufacturers dates back to the 1980s and 1990s. Suppliers claim that their products meet the national standard GB10621-89 for food-grade quality, but in reality, the CO2 produced by most of these manufacturers and suppliers in Hebei and neighboring regions such as Shandong has low output, poor quality, and unstable consistency; as a result, it is mainly sold for industrial use. The high-end market in the CO2 food processing industry is largely dominated by foreign companies such as Linde, Iwaki, and Praxair based in Shanghai, Jiangsu, and other regions. From the perspective of the consumer sector, beverages, food preservation, cigarettes, and welding will remain the main areas in the coming years. In terms of growth rate, the highest average annual growth rate during the period 1997–2002 was 20% for container shipping, followed by 19% for dry ice, 16% for freezing and condensation, 16% for food packaging, 12% for food storage, 11% for cigarettes, 10% for welding, 8% for beer, 5% for beverages, and 9.60% for other uses. 2.2. CO2 consumption trends: Beverages and beer represent the main markets for food-grade CO2. According to the latest data provided by The Coca-Cola Company in the United States, the annual per capita consumption of beverages and beer in our country is only 5 kg, which is far lower than the annual per capita consumption level of 150 kg in developed countries. China’s annual per capita beverage consumption is only 1/2.5 of that in the United States, and since China’s population is five times larger than the U.S. population, China’s beverage consumption should be 12.5 times that of the United States. The huge demand for food-grade CO2 in the beverage industry indicates very promising market prospects for it. According to statistics, the total annual demand for CO2 in the United States currently amounts to 4.5 million tons, of which 3.2 million tons are used for food-grade purposes. In China, the total annual production of CO2 is less than 1 million tons. Based on the per capita consumption level in the United States, China’s demand for food-grade liquid CO2 is expected to reach several million tons. As the living standards of the people in our country continue to improve, the annual growth rate of CO2 consumption in the beverage industry is set to exceed 25%. The huge demand for food-grade CO2 in the beverage industry indicates that its market prospects are very promising. The tobacco industry also presents excellent opportunities for the use of food-grade CO2. As environmental regulations become stricter and requirements for food additives increase, food-grade CO2 is increasingly being used to replace Freon in the swelling of tobacco shreds. Shred expanded using food-grade CO2 not only yields high-quality products but also allows for a reduction of 2.5–3.0 kg of raw shred per box of cigarettes. Zhejiang Cigarette Factory replaced all its original Freon expansion equipment with CO2 expansion equipment in 2001; many cigarette factories in China have also switched from Freon expansion equipment to CO2 expansion equipment over the past two years. Assuming an annual production of 30 million boxes of cigarettes, the cigarette industry requires approximately 1.9 million tons of CO2 per year. Therefore, CO2 has very promising prospects for adoption in the tobacco industry. Food-grade CO2 or the dry ice produced from it remains the preferred \"green\" option for preserving food, vegetables, fruits, and aquatic products. It is also highly useful in areas such as storing frozen foods, refrigerated transportation, and medical freezing. CO2 gas shielded welding has always been one of the key technologies promoted in China. Compared with other welding methods, CO2 gas shielded welding features low welding costs ； High productivity ； Minimal welding deformation ； It has advantages such as a wide range of applications. It is a new, efficient, and energy-saving process; it accounts for around 20% of CO2 consumption and represents China’s second-largest market for CO2 consumption. Over the next five years, the industry’s gas consumption is expected to grow by around 11%. C02 supercritical extraction technology has made breakthrough advances in fields such as traditional Chinese medicine, food, fragrances, petrochemicals, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry. As a new type of low-cost and easily separable extraction technology, it will increasingly gain popularity, offering applications also for food-grade CO2. The CO2 consumption market holds great potential, with many fields just beginning to see the introduction of such applications or still in the process of development. Examples include: (1) Using CO2 as a gas fertilizer can promote crop growth, increase yields, and improve crop varieties. (2) Used as a CO2 preservative for fruits and vegetables. (3) CO2 is used as a production aid in oil fields. (4) Used as a blowing agent to replace chlorofluorocarbons. (5) Used for wastewater treatment. (6) Used in the production of inorganic chemical products, which are widely applied in industries such as metallurgy, chemicals, building materials, light industry, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and machinery. (7) Applications in organic chemistry. (8) Used for supercritical cleaning. (9) As a preservative: In addition, supercritical CO2 can also be used for dyeing fabrics, as a desiccant, as a reaction accelerator, as an anti-cracking agent in glass manufacturing, and in the production of polymers. With the rapid development of China’s economy and the continuous improvement in people’s living standards, the demand for CO2 will keep rising, and the market prospects remain favorable. 2.3. Preliminary forecasts for product sales and market prospects 2.3.1. Development trends The liquid CO2 market has great potential; regular consumption is set to increase further, with new application areas continuing to emerge. Our company enjoys a significant geographical advantage; areas with high demand such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Jinan, and the cities along the Bohai Sea, as well as certain regions in Shandong, Shanxi, and Henan surrounding them, are all within our sales radius ； In terms of production conditions, we have advanced manufacturing equipment, an adequate, stable supply of high-quality gas, as well as strong technical support. Therefore, our factory’s products offer good competitiveness in terms of supply stability, price, and transportation. At present, our top priority should be to enter the market first, and then gradually move into the high-end food market, secure a position there, increase the added value of our products, and boost their popularity. 2.4. Current Status of Product Prices and Preliminary Estimates for Sales Prices 2.4.1. There are significant differences in CO2 prices across different regions in China. Since the CO2 market in this country developed relatively late – truly taking shape in the 1990s after multinational companies invested in CO2 production facilities – and considering that CO2 products need to be transported under conditions of temperature and pressure control, a unified national market has not yet been established; as a result, prices vary greatly from region to region. In 2003, in areas with a relatively active market such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the price was as high as 1,500–2,000 yuan per ton, while in places like Shandong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu, the price was generally around 1,000 yuan per ton. In some underdeveloped areas, it is only 500–600 yuan per ton. The national average price is 700–800 yuan per ton. As China’s CO2 production capacity increases year by year, some large manufacturers and users are striving to improve storage and transportation facilities. An increasing number of large tank trucks suitable for long-distance transport are being used, and a unified national market is set to emerge within 2–3 years. Some smaller manufacturers will gradually be phased out, while synthetic ammonia plants, alcohol plants, petrochemical plants, and gas field facilities that possess sufficient strength and excellent management skills will compete among themselves. Synthetic ammonia plants will hold an advantageous position in the market due to their abundant resources, high quality products, and low costs. 2.5 Analysis of market prices within the province: The selling price of liquid CO2 in Hebei Province for industrial use is generally between 500 and 650 yuan ； In the high-end food industry, the price of cigarettes sold here is around 700-900 yuan. Based on the transportation cost of liquid CO2 (0.75 yuan per kilometer, resulting in a shipping cost of around 300 yuan per ton for 400 kilometers), the optimal sales radius for liquid CO2 should be within 400 kilometers. 3. Product plan and production scale 3.1. Product quality specifications and planned scale Product plan: Food-grade liquid CO2 at international standard level ； Product scale: 20Kt/a ； 63t/d ； Product quality: Meets the quality standards for liquid CO2 set by the International Bottled Water Association. The specific quality standards are listed in the attached table. 3.2. Preliminary analysis of production scale: Following the capacity expansion currently underway in our plant, the daily production of liquid ammonia will reach 520 t/d, while that of urea will be 760 t/d. Assuming a recovery rate of 70% for the CO2 generated as a by-product of the existing facilities, the amount of CO2 recovered per day will be 430,000 m3. Based on a urea production volume of 760 t/d, 305,000 m3 of CO2 is required; thus, the remaining CO2 can be used to produce approximately 60,000 tons of liquid CO2. It can meet the requirements of a 30,000-ton liquid CO2 plant. The CO2 gas balance is shown in the table below: CO2 Gas Balance. Material, Existing equipment, Total CO2, Recoverable CO2 (70% assumed), Excess mixture, CO2 consumed by the urea plant, Remaining CO2 resources, Recovered amount, Excess amount. Values are given in cubic meters per hour: 26,000; 18,200; 7,800; 12,700; 2,600; 2,900. Values in ten thousand cubic meters per year: 18,720; 13,104; 5,616; 9,144; 1,872; 2,088. Note: 1 ton of liquid requires approximately 630 cubic meters of gas. Therefore, based on market demand and the current resource situation of our factory, the scale of the new liquid CO2 plant is planned to be 20 kt/a, with room reserved for future expansion. 4. Preliminary plan for process technology 4.1. Brief description of raw material route and production method The raw material gas is CO2 generated as a by-product in the production of ammonia synthesis and methanol. Based on analyses conducted by similar plants regarding the purification of this raw material gas, its composition is as follows: Component Content Component Content CO2 98.4% H2S Not detected (≤0.01 mg/m3) CO 0.3~0.4% Toluene 6.3 mg/m3 O2 5PPm o-Xylene 0.24 mg/m3 Total hydrocarbons (methane) 0.14% (1400PPm) COS 46mg/m3 Benzene 5.8mg/m3 SO2 Not detected (≤0.01 mg/m3) p-Xylene and m-Xylene 2.7 mg/m3 From these gas components, it can be seen that the total hydrocarbon level is 1400PPm, while the level of aromatic substances is 15.04 mg/m3 – both values are more than seven hundred times higher than the international standards. A dehydrogenation purification unit needs to be added to burn hydrocarbons, benzene, and other oxygen-containing organic compounds at lower temperatures, so as to meet Coca-Cola’s standards. Since dehydrogenation catalysts are highly sensitive to sulfur, the gas before entering this unit must contain no H2S or COS

I would like to ask the original poster and other friends: if the raw material for CO2 is the exhaust gas from large-scale alcohol factories, what would be the approximate cost of purified food-grade carbon dioxide in RMB per ton? The poster’s information states that “the entire investment can be recovered in less than a year.” Putting market and operational factors aside, it’s still quite attractive.

Could you reply with a text message? There’s a project design that requires your skills; we hope to proceed as soon as possible!