How are the railings and toe boards on the steel platform installed?

Excerpted from the General Principles for the Safe and Hygienic Design of Production Equipment (GB 5083-85); it is not clear whether this standard is still in use, so please assess it carefully before applying it: 2.7.4 Anti-slip and protection against falls from heights The design of working areas must take into full account the safety of people when walking and standing on those areas. 　　2.7.4.1 If operators frequently change their working positions, safety walkways must be installed on the production equipment. The width of the safe running board should be no less than 500 mm. 　　2.7.4.2 If the operator’s working position for operation, maintenance, and adjustment is more than 2 meters above the falling reference level, a platform for standing as well as fall prevention measures such as railings, safety nets, and protective panels must be installed on the production equipment. 　　The design of ladders, platforms, and handrails shall be carried out in accordance with relevant standards such as GB4053.1—83 \"Fixed Steel Straight Ladders\", GB4053.2—83 \"Fixed Steel Sloping Ladders\", GB4053.3—83 \"Fixed Industrial Guardrails\", and GB4053.4—83 \"Fixed Industrial Steel Platforms\". 　　2.7.4.3 Ramps, ladders, and platforms shall all have good anti-slip properties. 　　2.7.4.4 Production equipment shall be leak-proof. For production equipment that may cause leaks, appropriate collection and discharge systems should be in place. If necessary, special flooring should be provided.

There definitely are! ! What was said upstairs is really good! Take a look! ! Small businesses generally don’t have such many requirements! !

According to GB4053.3, there are clear regulations regarding the height and density of the toe plates on railings. Sometimes, however, flexibility is allowed for appropriate adjustments.

GB4053,3 can be referred to

It is recommended that you check the standards: \"GB17888.3-1999 Fixed installations for access to machinery and industrial equipment – Part 3: Stairs, ladders and handrails\" and \"GB 4053.3-93 Safety technical requirements for fixed industrial protective railings\"

The following **standard** can be referred to: GB4053.1-93 Safety Technical Requirements for Fixed Steel Straight Ladders, effective as of July 1, 1994. 1 Subject matter and scope of application This standard specifies the main technical requirements for the design, manufacturing, and installation of fixed steel straight ladders. 　　This standard applies to steel straight ladders used in industrial enterprises. 　　This standard does not apply to steel straight ladders used on ships, fire stations, communication towers, utility poles, and chimneys. 2 Referenced Standards GB 4053.3 Safety Technical Requirements for Fixed Industrial Guardrails GB 205 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Steel Structure Projects 3 Terms 3.1 Fixed steel straight ladder: A steel straight ladder that is fixed to a building or equipment and installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane (see Figure 1). 　　3.2 Tread beam: The side beams on either side of the steel straight ladder. 　　3.3 Step bar: The component used for stepping on when going up or down the ladder. 　　3.4 Guardrail: A component fixed to the ladder beam, used to protect the safety of climbers. 　　3.5 Support: Components that fix the steel straight ladder to the building or equipment. 　　3.6 Handrail: A safety handle installed at the top of a steel straight ladder. 　　3.7 Stair width ； The distance between the inner sides of the two ladder beams. 　　3.8 Stair height: The vertical distance between the upper reference plane and the lower reference plane of a steel straight staircase. 4 Technical Requirements 4.1 Steel straight ladders shall be made of steel with properties not lower than Q235-A.F. 　　4.2 Ladder beams shall be made of angle steel of at least 50×50×5 or flat steel of 60×8. 　　4.3 The treadle rods should be made of round steel with a diameter of not less than φ20 mm, and they should be arranged at equal intervals of 300 mm apart. 　　4.4 The supports shall be made of angle steel, steel plates, or T-shaped steel formed by welding steel plates, and must be firmly and reliably installed or welded in place. 　　4.5 For steel straight ladders without a base, at least two pairs of supports must be welded; the vertical spacing between these supports should not exceed 3000 mm, and the distance from the lowest rung to the reference surface should not be more than 450 mm. 　　4.6 For steel straight ladders, the clear distance between the center line of each step and the outer surface of the building or equipment shall not be less than 150 mm (see Figure 1). 　　 4.7 For side-entry steel straight ladders, the distance from the center line of the ladder to the platform or roof is 380–500 mm, while the clear distance between the ladder beam and the platform or roof is 180–300 mm (see Figure 2). 4.8 When the height of the ladder run exceeds 3000 mm, a protective cage must be installed; the lower end of this cage should be at a height of 2000–2400 mm above the reference level, and the upper end should be at the same height as the railing height specified in GB4053.3. 　　4.9 The diameter of the protective cage shall be 700 mm, with the center distance from it to the center line of the pedal rod being 350 mm. The horizontal rings are made of flat steel with dimensions of not less than 40×4, spaced 450–500 mm apart; five vertical bars made of flat steel with dimensions of not less than 25×4 are welded evenly on the inner side of the horizontal rings. 　　The optimal width for a 4.10 steel straight ladder is 500 mm. Due to space constraints at the working area, when the climbing height is below 5000 mm, the width of the ladder can be reduced appropriately, but it must not be less than 300 mm. 　　4.11 The upper step of the steel straight ladder shall be at the same level as the platform or roof, with a gap not exceeding 300 mm, and a handrail with a height of not less than 1050 mm shall be provided at the top of the straight ladder. 　　4.12 The height of each flight of stairs should not exceed 9m. When it exceeds 9m, a landing should be provided to arrange the stairs in sections offset from each other. When the climbing height is 15 m or less, the spacing between ladder platforms is 5–8 m; when it exceeds 15 m, a ladder platform is installed every 5 m. The platform should be equipped with safety guardrails. 4.13 All steel straight ladders shall be connected by welding, and the welding requirements shall comply with GBJ 205. The surfaces of all components should be smooth** without any protrusions. The installed steel straight ladder should have no skewing, twisting, deformation, or other defects. 4.14 Steel straight ladders fixed to the platform should be secured at their lower end, with their upper supports fixed to the platform beams; oblong holes are provided in the ladder beams, and bolting is used for joining them. 4.15 For steel straight ladders fixed to equipment, when there is a large temperature difference, they should be secured with two supports; the remaining supports are fitted with oblong holes in the ladder beam, and are connected using bolts. After installation, the 4.16 steel straight ladder must be thoroughly descaled and coated with anti-corrosion paint. 5. Load specifications 5.1 The pedal is calculated to withstand a concentrated live load of lkN at its midpoint. The allowable deflection shall not be greater than 1/250 of the length of the pedal rod. 5.2 The top end of the ladder beam is calculated under a concentrated live load of 2 kN after it is assembled and welded (the height is determined based on the spacing of the supports; in the case of no intermediate supports, it is determined based on the distance between the two fixed ends). The allowable slenderness ratio should not be greater than 200. Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a straight steel ladder. Figure 2: Schematic diagram of straight steel ladders arranged alternately. GB4053.2-93 replaces GB4053.2-83; Safety technical requirements for fixed steel inclined ladders. Effective as of July 1, 1994. 1. Subject matter and scope of application: This standard specifies the main technical requirements for the design, manufacture, and installation of fixed steel inclined ladders. 　　This standard applies to fixed steel inclined ladders used in production in industrial enterprises. 　　This standard does not apply to steel ramps used in vehicles and other mobile equipment. 2 Referenced Standards GB4053.3 Safety Technical Requirements for Fixed Industrial Guardrails GBJ205 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Steel Structure Projects 3 Terms 3.1 Fixed steel inclined ladder: A steel ladder that is fixed to a building or equipment, with an angle of 30°~75° relative to the horizontal plane (see figure). 　　3.2 Railing beams: The side beams on either side of the inclined ladder. 　　3.3 Pedal: A horizontal component for stepping on when going up or down the ladder. 　　3.4 Step height: The vertical distance between two adjacent pedals. 　　3.5 Stair width: The distance between the inner sides of the two stair beams. 　　3.6 Ladder height: The vertical distance from the top of the ladder beam to the base level. 　　3.7 Armrest height: The vertical distance from the upper edge of the armrest to the front edge of the pedal. 　　3.8 Slope: The angle between the inclined ladder beam and the horizontal plane. 1―Pedal ； 2—Ladder beam ； 3―Handrail ； 4—Pillar ； 5―Horizontal bar ； H—ladder height ； H1―Height of the armrest ； High R step height ； t―step width ； L–truss span ； Technical requirements for α‑slope 4: 4.1 For steel inclined ladders with different slopes, the dimensions of the step height R and step width t are as shown in Table 1; values for other slopes are determined using the linear interpolation method. 　　Table 1 4.2 Common slope and height-to-span ratios (H∶L) are shown in Table 2. 　　Table 2 4.3: The steel used for the ladder beams shall have properties not lower than those of Q235—A•F steel. Its cross-sectional dimensions shall be determined by calculation. 4.4 The pedal shall be made of patterned steel plate with a thickness of not less than 4 mm, or ordinary steel plate treated to prevent slipping, or a lattice plate fabricated by welding 25×4 flat bars and small angle bars together. 4.5 The height of the handrail should be 900 mm, or it should match the height specified in GB4053.3; pipes with an outer diameter of 30–50 mm and a wall thickness of not less than 2.5 mm shall be used. 4.6 The columns should preferably be made of angle steel with a cross-section of at least 40×40×4, or pipes with an outer diameter of 30~50 mm. Starting from the first pedal, the spacing should not be greater than 1000 mm. The crossbar is made of round steel with a diameter of not less than 16 mm or 30×4 flat steel, and is fixed in the middle of the vertical posts. 4.7 The tread width should be 700 mm. The maximum value should not be greater than 1100 mm, and the minimum value must not be less than 600 mm. 4.8 The height of the ladder should not exceed 5 m; when it exceeds 5 m, a landing should be provided, with the ladder arranged in sections. 4.9 Steel inclined ladders shall be fully welded together. Welding requirements shall comply with GBJ205. 4.10 When a steel inclined ladder is connected to the platform beam attached to the equipment, bolted connections with elongated oval holes shall be used at the joint. 4.11 The surfaces of all components shall be smooth without any protrusions; the installed steel ladder shall not be skewed, twisted, deformed, or have any other defects. 4.12 After the steel inclined ladder is installed, it must be thoroughly rust removed and coated with an anti-corrosion coating. 5 Load requirements: The live load on the steel inclined ladder shall be determined according to actual requirements, but it must not be less than the following value: a. The standard value of the live load on the horizontal projection plane of the steel inclined ladder is 3.5 kN/m2. b. The concentrated live load at the midpoint of the pedal is taken as 1.5 kN/m2. c. The horizontal concentrated live load at the top of the handrail is taken as 0.5 kN/m. d. The deflection shall not be greater than 1/250 of the span of the flexural member. 　　 GB4053.3-93 replaces GB 4053.3-83 – Safety technical requirements for fixed industrial protective railings. It came into effect on July 1, 1994. 1. Subject matter and scope of application: This standard specifies the main technical requirements for the design, manufacturing, and installation of fixed industrial protective railings. This standard applies to areas in industrial enterprises such as platforms, walkways, and lift shafts where there is a risk of falling. This standard does not apply to various transportation and other mobile devices. 2 Referenced Standards GBJ 205 Code for Construction and Acceptance of Steel Structure Projects 3 Terms 3.1 Fixed industrial guardrails: Protective facilities installed fixedly along platforms, passageways, and the open edges of work areas (see figure). 3.2 Posts: The vertical components of the railing. 　3.3 Handrail: A protective component mounted horizontally at the top of the pillar. 　3.4 Horizontal bar: A connecting member fixed in the middle of the vertical post. 　3.5 Baffle: A protective plate fixed to the lower part of the column. 4 Technical Requirements 4.1 The height of the protective railing should be 1050 mm. The height of the protective railings on platforms, walkways, and work areas at a height of less than 20m above the ground must be no less than 1000 mm, while on platforms, walkways, and work areas at a height of 2m or more above the ground, the height of such railings must be no less than 1200 mm. 　4.2 All components of the railing shall be manufactured from steel with properties not lower than Q235-A•F. 　4.3 The structure of the railing should preferably be welded, and the welding requirements shall comply with the technical specifications in GBJ 205. When welding is not feasible, bolt connections can also be used, but it is necessary to ensure the structural strength specified in Chapter 5. 　4.4 The handrails should be made of steel pipes with an outer diameter of φ33.5–50 mm. The main columns should be constructed using angle steel with dimensions of at least 50×50×4, or steel pipes with a diameter of φ33.5–50 mm. The spacing between the columns should be 1000 mm. 　4.5 The crossbars shall be made of flat steel of at least 25×4 or round steel of φ16. The clear distance between the crossbar and the upper and lower members shall not exceed 380 mm. 　4.6 The baffle should be fabricated from flat steel of at least 100×2 dimensions. If the platform is equipped with other structural edges that meet the requirements for baffle function and strength, it is permissible not to provide a separate baffle. 　4.7 The gap between outdoor railings, baffles, and platforms should be 10–20 mm; no gap is allowed indoors. 　4.8 Postings must be provided at the ends of the railing or firmly connected to the building. 　4.9 All structural surfaces shall be smooth and free of protrusions; after installation, they shall show no signs of skewing, warping, deformation, or other defects. 　4.10 The surface of the railing must be thoroughly descaled and coated with an anti-corrosion coating. 5 Strength requirements: The design of the railing must ensure that its handrail can withstand a horizontally applied load of not less than 500 N/m. Fixed industrial steel platforms GB 4053.4-83 **Issued by the Standards Bureau on December 19, 1983; implemented on October 1, 1984. 1 Subject matter and scope of application: This standard provides the main technical guidelines for the design, fabrication, and installation of fixed steel platforms, in order to ensure the safety of those who use them. This standard applies to fixed steel platforms used for passage, stairwells, and maintenance in general industrial enterprises ； Not suitable for civil buildings and underground platforms. 　 1 Definitions 1.1 Platform: A horizontal area above a relative reference level, provided for staff to move around and carry out maintenance work. 　 1.2 Passageway platform: A platform intended solely for pedestrian use. 　 1.3 Landing: A platform between flight of stairs for resting or changing direction. 　1.4 Maintenance platform: A platform used for maintenance work. 　 2 Technical Requirements 2.1 The width of the passage platform should not be less than 700 mm, and the vertical clearance should generally not be less than 1800 mm. 2.2 The width of the landing should not be less than the width of the flight of stairs, and the length in the direction of travel should not be less than 850 mm. 2.3 The walkway platform is designed for an equivalent uniformly distributed load of 200 kg/m2. 2.4 The landing platforms are designed for an equivalent uniformly distributed load of 350 kg/m2. 　2.5 The maintenance platform is generally designed for an equivalent uniformly distributed load of 400 kg/m2; when this value is exceeded, it should be designed according to actual requirements or the load coefficient of the adjacent floor. 2.6 The design of other components of the steel platform shall comply with the Code for Design of Steel Structures. 　2.7 The platform shall be fabricated from steel with mechanical properties not lower than A3F. 2.8 Safety guardrails shall be installed at all open edges of the platform. The design of protective railings shall comply with the requirements of GB 4053.3-83 \"Fixed Industrial Protective Railings\". 2.9 The platform decking shall be made of patterned steel plate with a thickness of more than 4 mm or steel plate treated to prevent slipping. 2.10 The platform shall be installed on a solid and reliable support structure and rigidly connected to it ； The landing platform shall not be suspended from the staircase. 2.11 The entire platform shall be welded, and the welding requirements shall comply with the Code for Welding of Steel Structures. 2.12 The platform steel beams should be straight, and the decking should be level, without any defects such as warping or twisting. 2.13 The finished platform should be coated with rust-proof paint and topcoat.

For operation platforms on storage tanks, it is recommended to refer to the relevant provisions of GB50341 \"Code for Design of Vertical Cylindrical Welded Steel Oil Tanks\" and SH3046 \"Code for Design of Vertical Cylindrical Welded Steel Storage Tanks in Petrochemical Industries\".