Chapter 1: Overview of the Oil Tank Farm The oil tank farm is located at **Port, specifically Daya Port. Located outside the city of Bata in the country’s mainland area, it is the city’s newly built commercial port. It can accommodate ships with a maximum draft of 11.59 meters, at a water specific weight of 1025. The tidal range is 1.83 meters. Westerly winds prevail. The total storage capacity of the oil depot is ###×104 m3. It is equipped with loading pumps, vehicle loading platforms, metering rooms, office buildings, power generation and distribution facilities, a laboratory, a water intake system, and a sewage treatment system. It can receive and store gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuel at the dock, and transfer these fuels through pipelines and tankers; it functions as a secondary refined oil transfer depot. The design scope of this oil depot system includes: finished oil storage areas, vehicle loading facilities, metering rooms, and other components. The unit division is shown in Table-1 below. Section 2: Principles for the Layout of Oil Depots 1) Strictly comply with relevant national standards, specifications, and regulations, as well as the construction guidelines, policies, laws, and local regulations. 2) Based on the operational characteristics of this oil depot, advanced technologies and equipment should be appropriately utilized to optimize the process flow, thereby meeting the depot’s requirements regarding safe production, economic efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental protection. 3) Comprehensive consideration should be given to the layout of the oil tank area, vehicle loading, metering room, and supporting facilities. 4) Design the automatic control system based on the characteristics of this oil depot, and select an appropriate level of automation along with the corresponding control systems and instruments. 5) Pay attention to environmental protection and minimize pollution of the surrounding environment. 6) Adopt advanced and mature technologies in line with local and industry conditions, select reliable equipment and materials to enhance operational safety. All oil tanks are equipped with internal floating roof tanks. 7) Implement the principle of \"safety first, prevention foremost,\" meet the requirements of labor safety and health, and ensure safety, environmental protection, and health throughout the production process. Chapter 3: Safety Hazards and Their Severity in Oil Depots 1. Hazardous Factors 1) The gasoline and diesel stored in the depot are both flammable substances, posing a high risk of fire. 2) The gasoline and diesel stored in the reservoir area are both explosive materials with a high risk of explosion. 3) Gasoline and diesel stored in the reservoir area are prone to static electricity accumulation, and static discharge can lead to fires and explosions. 4) The gasoline and diesel stored in the reservoir area are both products that spread and flow easily, and they can easily catch fire and explode when exposed to a source of ignition. 5) Damage to oil tanks can easily lead to oil leaks. 6) Lightning causes oil tank fires. 7) When performing electrical work, insulation may fail and cause leakage current, leading to electric shock injuries. 8) Factors such as earthquakes, storms, drowning, high temperatures, and poisoning can also easily cause injuries. 2. The degree of harm varies depending on the severity of the impact; the most severe forms of harm are explosions and fires. The radius of death is confined to the area around the fire barriers, and facilities such as control centers and power distribution units are not at risk. Adjacent tanks, equipped with fire-fighting facilities, can effectively reduce property losses caused by accidents. Chapter 5 Safety Measures and Facilities Adopted Section 1 Safety Measures Taken 1 Layout-related safety measures 1) The distance between the oil depot and surrounding facilities meets the relevant requirements of the \"Code for Design of Oil Depots\" (GB50074-2002). Conditions such as water and transportation are favorable. The process flow is rational; the storage tanks and auxiliary facilities are arranged according to functional zones, with clear functions for each zone and a compact layout. The fire separation distances between buildings and structures within the oil depot, as well as the fire spacing between oil tanks, are all designed in accordance with standards. The oil tank area of the oil depot is equipped with circular fire roads, and landscaping does not interfere with firefighting operations. The tanks are arranged in groups based on the properties of the oil products; the number of tanks and their total capacity within each group meet the specified requirements. The effective volume within the fire dike of the tank area is sufficient to accommodate half of the capacity of the largest tank plus the amount of water required for emergency firefighting. 2 Safety measures for processes and equipment: The process flow is simplified to meet functions such as pipeline transportation, loading, and backfilling. The selection of oil tanks takes into account various factors such as the properties of the stored medium, tank capacity, operating conditions, and local natural conditions; internal floating roof tanks are chosen for storage purposes. A fire dike is installed in the oil tank area, and a partition dike is set up for each pair of storage tanks. The fire dike is constructed of reinforced concrete, the ground within the tank area is treated to prevent leakage, and the fire-fighting water for accidents in the storage area is stored inside the fire dike. After an accident, the fire-fighting water used in extinguishing the fire is discharged into the wastewater treatment system for processing; the treated wastewater can be released outside only after it passes the required monitoring standards. The material selection for storage tanks takes into full account factors such as the strength, toughness, weldability, quality stability, and operational experience of the steel plates. Depending on the local climate conditions, wind-resistant rings and reinforcement rings are installed on the storage tanks. To ensure the safe operation of the oil tank, safety devices such as high and low liquid level alarm systems and static electricity discharge systems are installed in the tank. Only the main inlet and outlet pipes of the storage tank are equipped with flexible connections to prevent pipe rupture caused by earthquakes or settlement of the tank foundation. 7) Anti-corrosion measures shall be taken for the inner and outer surfaces of the storage tank. The outer surface of the tank bottom is provided with a corrosion-resistant coating in combination with an external cathode for joint protection. The pipelines in the oil depot area are protected with an anti-corrosion coating. 8) Fully consider the requirements of the process and the properties of the materials, and select equipment, valves, etc. that are technologically mature and reliable in performance. 9) The layout of the process pipelines meets the requirements of the process flow as well as the suction requirements of the pumps. In the process main corridors within the storage area, the pipelines are installed using pipe supports or pipe racks; in the tank area, pipelines are also installed using pipe supports or pipe racks depending on the circumstances. Pipelines that need to pass beneath roads are installed either directly buried (with sleeves) or in trenches. 3 Automatic control and instrument safety measures: 1) The tank area is monitored using a SCADA system, while fire control is handled by an independent control system. The SCADA system and fire control system for the tank farm are located in the monitoring center, with a separate combustible gas monitoring system installed as well. 2) Continuous level measurement in each storage tank is carried out using servo level gauges, and a high-level alarm switch is installed for each tank. Temperature measurement in each storage tank is carried out using average thermometers; the temperature signals are fed into servo level gauges, and then transmitted to the SCADA system via a bus. The control valves for the oil tank inlet and outlet are electric gate valves, which allow for manual operation of the valves on-site as well as remote control of them. To ensure production safety, the high liquid level alarm switch is interlocked with the electric valve of the inlet pipeline. On-site valve opening and closing use the jog mode, while remote control from the control room uses the hold mode. The on/off status of the valve and the over-torque condition signals are transmitted via the bus to the central control room SCADA system for indication and alarm. The switch status of each pump is indicated in the SCADA system. Electric valves are used for fire control valves. 3) The pump shall be shut down urgently when the pump shaft temperature, motor shaft temperature, motor stator temperature, vibration of the pump and motor shafts, or mechanical seal leakage exceeds the limits. 4) Install combustible gas detection probes in areas where leaks of combustible gases are likely to occur. 5) Instruments in flammable and explosive environments shall be intrinsically safe or explosion-proof, with an explosion protection rating of at least dⅡBT4 (for explosion-proof types). Electric meters installed in outdoor areas on-site generally have a protection rating of at least IP65. 6) Instrument grounding is divided into protective grounding and operational grounding; grounding resistance