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Technical Code for Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems · Terminology 2.0.1 Ground-source heat pump system: A heating and air-conditioning system that uses geological materials, groundwater, or surface water as the source of thermal energy, and consists of a water-source heat pump unit, a geothermal energy exchange system, and systems within the building. Depending on the type of geothermal energy exchange system, ground-source heat pump systems are divided into buried pipe ground-source heat pump systems, groundwater ground-source heat pump systems, and surface water ground-source heat pump systems. 2.0.2 Water-source heat pump unit: A heat pump that uses water or a water solution with antifreeze as the source of geothermal heat. There are usually types such as water/water heat pumps and water/air heat pumps. 2.0.3 Geothermal exchange system: A heat exchange system that utilizes shallow geothermal resources. 2.0.4 Shallow geothermal resources: Thermal energy resources contained in shallow rock and soil layers, groundwater, or surface water. 2.0.5 Heat-transfer fluid: In ground-source heat pump systems, it is a liquid that exchanges heat with rock and soil, groundwater, or surface water through heat exchange tubes. It is generally water or an aqueous solution with antifreeze added. 2.0.6 Ground pipe heat exchange system: A geothermal energy exchange system in which the heat transfer medium exchanges heat with the rock and soil through vertically or horizontally buried heat exchangers; it is also known as a soil heat exchange system. 2.0.7 Ground heat exchanger: A device used for heat exchange between the heat transfer medium and the rock and soil mass; it consists of a set of closed-loop pipes buried underground, and is also known as a soil heat exchanger. Depending on the installation method of the pipes, they are divided into horizontal buried pipe heat exchangers and vertical buried pipe heat exchangers. 2.0.8 Horizontall ground heat exchanger: A type of heat exchanger in which the heat exchange tubes are buried in horizontal trenches; it is also known as a soil heat exchanger. 2.0.9 Vertical ground heat exchanger: A ground heat exchanger in which the heat exchange tubes are buried in vertical boreholes; it is also known as a vertical soil heat exchanger. 2.0.10 Groundwater heat exchange system: A geothermal energy exchange system that conducts heat exchange with groundwater, and is divided into direct groundwater heat exchange systems and indirect groundwater heat exchange systems. 2.0.11 Direct groundwater heat exchange system: A direct closed-loop groundwater system in which groundwater drawn from wells, after being treated, flows directly through the heat exchanger of a ground-source heat pump unit before returning to the same aquifer in the ground. 2.0.12 Indirect groundwater heat exchange system: An indirect closed-loop groundwater system in which groundwater drawn from pumping wells is heated through an intermediate heat exchanger before being returned to the same aquifer underground. 2.0.13 Surface water system: A geothermal energy exchange system that exchanges heat with surface water, and is divided into open surface water exchange systems and closed surface water exchange systems. 2.0.14 Open-loop surface water heat exchange system: A system in which surface water, driven by a circulation pump, flows directly through a source heat pump unit after treatment, or undergoes heat exchange via an intermediate heat exchanger. 2.0.15 Closed-loop surface water heat exchange system: A system in which closed heat exchange coils are placed in surface water of a certain depth according to a specific arrangement, and the heat transfer medium exchanges heat with the surface water through the walls of these heat exchange coils. 2.0.16 Circuit header: A collector pipe that connects various parallel circuits, typically used to ensure equal flow rates in these parallel circuits. 2.0.17 Aquifer: A saturated rock or soil layer that allows water to flow through it. 2.0.18 Well structure: An umbrella term for the technical elements that make up the vertical profile of a borehole, including the borehole structure, wall pipes, filter pipes, sedimentation pipes, external filtering materials, and the location of sections designed to prevent water leakage. 2.0.19 Production well: A well used to extract water from underground aquifers. 2.0.20 Injection well: A well used to inject reclaimed water into an aquifer. 2.0.21 Heat source well: A well used for extracting water from underground aquifers or injecting water back into them; it is a term that encompasses both pumping wells and recharging wells. 2.0.22 Pumping test: A process in which groundwater is extracted from a well on a timed basis to measure the amount extracted and to observe changes in water level; it is carried out to assess the water productivity of an aquifer and to obtain hydrogeological parameters. 2.0.23 Injection test: A test in which water is continuously injected into a well to maintain a certain water level within it, or water is injected in measured amounts while water level changes are recorded, in order to determine the permeability of the aquifer, the amount of water injected, and various hydrogeological parameters. 2.0.24 Rock-soil body: A combination of rocks and loose sediments, such as sandstone, gravel, soil, etc. Technical Code for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems · General Provisions 1.0.1 This code is formulated to ensure that the design, construction, and acceptance of ground source heat pump systems are carried out in a technically advanced, economically rational, and safe manner, thereby guaranteeing the quality of such systems. 1.0.2 These specifications apply to the design, construction, and acceptance of system projects that use geotechnical materials, groundwater, and surface water as low-temperature heat sources, water or water solutions with antifreeze additives as heat transfer media, and steam compression heat pump technology for heating, air conditioning, or heating domestic hot water. 1.0.3 The engineering design, construction, and acceptance of ground-source heat pump systems shall comply with not only the provisions of this code but also those of **current relevant standards. -