Key points of catalytic reactions

The poster has just started working in the reaction field, right? From my experience: 1. The three equilibrium principles of reaction are crucial, namely pressure equilibrium, mass balance, and heat balance. The most important of these is pressure balance. 2. If you are asking about the control points of the device. It’s hard to say at that moment. Reaction temperature, reaction pressure, regeneration temperature, processing volume, main air flow rate, storage capacity, and so on are all very critical. When it comes to control, there’s even more. It is recommended to read the operating procedures more often. Communicate more with experienced masters. I understood it in half a year. One can become a chief operator in two or three years.

The key points of the reaction position mentioned by the original poster are known to all the experienced workers. But these are the result of their years of experience. To learn *reactions, start with practical exercises; work hard, ask questions often, and read more. Having a certain understanding of catalytic cracking makes it less difficult to focus on learning by observing the instruments in the lab.

Generally speaking, there are the following principles: 1. First and foremost, pay close attention to the operation status of the main fan and booster unit stations, and have a thorough understanding of the forces that drive catalyst fluidization as well as the stable supply of oxygen for combustion. . . 2. Properly control the opening degrees of the plug valves, as well as several slide valves and double-acting slide valves, to maintain pressure balance at the reaction site; once the pressure is balanced, the catalyst will flow properly. . . 3. It can calculate the catalyst-to-oil ratio, and adjust the amount of feed to the riser in small increments as needed, based on the actual circulation volume of the catalyst; it also adjusts the amount of reprocessed oil and slurry fed into the riser to maintain stability in the reaction temperature at the riser outlet. . . 4. By controlling the amount of air supplied for burning, it is possible to observe visually the color of the raw material and the regenerated material in order to determine the extent of burning. . . 5. The approximate equilibrium activity of the catalyst can be determined by its color (over time, people will gradually gain experience in this regard). . . ) There are quite a few more, but I won’t go into detail. Everyone should read more books and keep learning; by mastering the combination of theory and practice, progress will be rapid. . . :lol

Are you referring to the key control points: reaction temperature, pressures in the two reactors, raw material preheating temperature, and such parameters?

I just figured it out: a catalytic reaction refers to the reaction process in the catalytic cracking unit of an oil refinery. Hehe, it seems there are quite a few people involved in oil refining here.

There are many key aspects to the catalytic reaction role, and each of them has a significant impact on the steady operation of the equipment, the distribution of the product, and the quality of the product； 1. Reaction temperature: It is an indicator of the degree of reaction, and is generally controlled by the opening degree of the regeneration slide valve; too low a temperature can easily lead to bridging in the lift column ； 2. Reaction pressure and pressure difference between the two reactors: This provides the driving force for the circulation of catalyst between the two reactors, ensuring normal fluidization of the catalyst in this cycle. If the pressure difference cannot be controlled, it can lead to serious accidents such as backflow of the catalyst; this can be regulated using a pneumatic actuator, a double-acting slide valve in the regenerator, or a butterfly valve at the inlet of the catalyst burner ； 3. Catalyst inventory in the two vessels: The amount of catalyst stored in these vessels ensures that it has sufficient residence time, which is necessary for achieving effective coking in the regenerator and efficient stripping in the stripping section. It also serves as a seal to prevent mixing between oil and gas and air; this can be adjusted using various slide valves ； 4. Regeneration temperature, main air volume, and regeneration efficiency: The main purpose of the regenerator is to restore the activity of the catalyst and provide heat for the reaction; this requires maintaining a balance between carbon formation and carbon burning. The main air volume should be adjusted according to the amount of carbon formed, so as to keep the regeneration temperature at 680–695°C. The catalyst should appear white when viewed visually, without any black or gray hues ； 5. Raw material preheating temperature and catalyst-to-oil ratio: The catalyst-to-oil ratio is a key factor affecting the product distribution. This ratio can be adjusted by changing the opening degree of the regeneration slide valve, thereby altering the catalyst circulation volume. However, since the production equipment and related specifications cannot be changed, the most effective way to adjust the catalyst-to-oil ratio is by changing the raw material preheating temperature. The preheating temperature of the raw material decreases, while the oil-to-agent ratio increases. 6. Re-refining ratio and feed rate: Maintain thermal balance and material balance between the two units. 7. Operating efficiency of the two-type centrifuges: Pay close attention to the pressure drop across the centrifuges to prevent issues with the propellant, avoid an increase in the catalyst consumption, and prevent coking and blockages in the fractionated slurry system. If an increase in the solid content of the slurry or a rise in the amount of fine catalyst powder is detected, it is necessary to adjust the feed rate, steam injection volume, and main air flow promptly. There are many other key points as well; one needs to explore them through practice and seek advice from experienced practitioners in order to gradually gain experience.

The reaction system has the simplest process flow, but the most complex operation, with too many associated factors. Reaction temperature, inventory in the two vessels, pressure in the two vessels, external water supply, and so on. That’s why the control points of the counter-regulation system are all crucial.

Key points of catalytic reactions: Proper control of the three types of equilibrium in the reaction, namely pressure equilibrium, mass balance, and heat balance. 2. Reaction temperature, reaction pressure, regeneration temperature, processing volume, main air flow rate, storage capacity, and so on are all very critical. Reaction temperature: Generally controlled by the catalyst circulation rate and the preheating temperature of the raw materials. Reaction pressure: Usually controlled by the speed of the compressor and backflow; in special cases, it is controlled by venting at the compressor inlet. Regeneration temperature: During normal operation, it is controlled by external heat input, the feed rate, and the properties of the raw materials; it can also be adjusted by modifying the ratio of primary, secondary, and tertiary combustion. At startup, it is controlled by the amount of gas or burning oil used in the auxiliary combustion chamber; during normal operation, as well as in some special cases, burning oil injection may also be utilized for control

There is also the oil-to-catalyst ratio: this can be managed by lowering the regeneration temperature or preheating temperature, as well as by choosing catalysts with good performance and those having a small carbon difference. Increasing the oil-to-agent ratio can improve the conversion rate, but it increases the gas and coke yields. Reserve: It has a large reserve, stays for a long time, and burns completely; too much of it can affect normal production. Wait

There are too many: oil-to-agent ratio, temperature, pressure, stripping steam, main air pressure and flow rate in the regenerator, and so on

From the perspective of instrument analysis, there are aspects such as pressure, temperature, flow rate, and analysis; in terms of balance, there are material balance, heat balance, and pressure balance, among others

In addition to the above, I believe it is necessary to carry out the following actions: 1. Control of the differential pressure between the two reactors; 2. Control and adjustment of the carbon residue in the raw and regenerated catalysts; 3. Adjustment of the double-acting slide valves, as well as the slide valves for the raw and regenerated catalysts; 4. Ensuring proper fluidization in both reactors; 5. Selection of the terminator, as well as the steam or dry gas used for lifting; 6. Selection of the catalyst; 7. Control of the solid content in the slurry and operations related to its reprocessing.

Key control points: Reaction temperature, Regeneration temperature, Pressure difference between the two reactors

The oil-gas and catalyst particles are basically separated by a rapid cyclone separator; the oil-gas contains a small amount of catalyst. By using a single-stage cyclone separator, the vast majority of the catalyst can be separated, thus eliminating the need to invest in a two-stage cyclone separator.

I posted the wrong one by mistake; please forgive me. The key factors are temperature control, such as the temperatures in the first and second reaction zones in MIP; pressure control, such as those related to the regenerative slide valve and the double-acting slide valve; the atomization effect of the feed oil; the catalyst volume in the reaction-regeneration system; and the main air flow rate, among others.