About membranes: What is the difference between perfluoropolymer membranes and hydrocarbon membranes?

The exchange membranes we usually use are perfluorocarboxylic acid and perfluorosulfonic acid type composite membranes.

Ion exchange membranes English name: ion exchange membranes A type of polymer membrane that contains ion-containing groups and possesses the ability to selectively permeate ions in solutions. Since it is mainly utilized for its ion-selective permeability in applications, it is also known as an ion-selective permeable membrane. 　　Based on their functions and structures, they can be divided into five types: cation exchange membranes, anion exchange membranes, amphoteric exchange membranes, intercalated ion exchange membranes, and polyelectrolyte composite membranes. The structure of the ion exchange membrane is the same as that of ion exchange resin, but it is in membrane form. 　　Ion exchange membranes can be divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous types. It is manufactured using polymer processing methods. ①Homogeneous membrane. First, a membrane is made from polymer materials such as styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose derivatives, polytetrafluoroethylene, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyacrylonitrile. Then, monomers such as styrene and methyl methacrylate are introduced and polymerized within the membrane to form polymers, after which the desired functional groups are introduced through chemical reactions. It can also be produced by the polymerization of monomers such as formaldehyde and phenol. ②Heterogeneous membrane. It is produced by fully mixing ion exchange resins with a particle size of 200–400 mesh with ordinary film-forming polymer materials such as polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, and then processing them into a film. To prevent it from becoming brittle and cracking due to drying out, it must be kept in water. 　　Ion exchange membranes are primarily used in seawater desalination, the desalination of glycerin and polyethylene glycol, the separation of radioactive elements, isotopes, and amino acids, the purification of organic and inorganic substances, the treatment of radioactive waste liquids, as well as in fuel cell membranes and selective electrodes.

Ion exchange membranes English name: ion exchange membranes A type of polymer membrane that contains ion-containing groups and possesses the ability to selectively permeate ions in solutions. Since it is mainly utilized for its ion-selective permeability in applications, it is also known as an ion-selective permeable membrane. 　　Based on their functions and structures, they can be divided into five types: cation exchange membranes, anion exchange membranes, amphoteric exchange membranes, intercalated ion exchange membranes, and polyelectrolyte composite membranes. The structure of the ion exchange membrane is the same as that of ion exchange resin, but it is in membrane form. 　　Ion exchange membranes can be divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous types. It is manufactured using polymer processing methods. ①Homogeneous membrane. First, a membrane is made from polymer materials such as styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose derivatives, polytetrafluoroethylene, polytrifluorochloroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyacrylonitrile. Then, monomers such as styrene and methyl methacrylate are introduced and polymerized within the membrane to form polymers, after which the desired functional groups are introduced through chemical reactions. It can also be produced by the polymerization of monomers such as formaldehyde and phenol. ②Heterogeneous membrane. It is produced by fully mixing ion exchange resins with a particle size of 200–400 mesh with ordinary film-forming polymer materials such as polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride, and then processing them into a film. To prevent it from becoming brittle and cracking due to drying out, it must be kept in water. 　　Ion exchange membranes are primarily used in seawater desalination, the desalination of glycerin and polyethylene glycol, the separation of radioactive elements, isotopes, and amino acids, the purification of organic and inorganic substances, the treatment of radioactive waste liquids, as well as in fuel cell membranes and selective electrodes.

I’m sorry; due to my lack of familiarity with the rules, I made the above mistake. I will study the rules more carefully going forward. Please forgive me :lol