Production of pipeline and equipment identification tags

Mark on the pipeline the name of the material inside, the flow direction of the material, and the devices connected to both ends of the pipeline (optional). Equipment with special elevation requirements needs it, while ordinary equipment does not.

Basic identification colors, identification symbols, and safety markings for industrial pipelines GB 7231－2003 **Approved by the Standardization Bureau; implemented on 2003－10－01 Preface Chapter 4, 4.1 of this standard； Sections 6.1 and 6.2 of Chapter 6 are mandatory, while the rest are recommended. 　　This standard represents the first revision to GB 7231-1987 \"Basic identification colors and symbols for industrial pipelines\". 　　This standard was revised with reference to German DIN 2403-1984 \"Identification of pipes according to the fluid medium\" and Japanese JIS 9102-1987 \"Identification and marking of piping systems\". 　　To facilitate the identification of substances in industrial pipelines, the standard has increased the number of basic identification colors from seven to eight, and raised the number of methods for labeling substances in pipelines from two to five. 　　Appendix A of this standard is an appendix to the standard. 　　As of the date of implementation, this standard replaces GB 7231-1987. 　　This standard was proposed and is under the responsibility of the Work Safety Bureau of the **Commission of Economy and Trade. 　　The organization responsible for drafting this standard is the Shanghai Institute of Labor Protection Science. 　　The entity that participated in the drafting of this standard is Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. 　　Main drafters of this standard: Shen Guoding, Zheng Baoqin, Wu Gaoxing. 　　1 Scope This standard specifies the basic identification colors, identification symbols, and safety markings for industrial pipelines. 　　This standard applies to pipelines for transporting gases and liquids that are not buried underground in industrial production. 　　2 Referenced Standards The provisions contained in the following standards become part of this standard by being referenced herein. At the time of publication of this standard, all versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and those using this standard should consider the possibility of adopting the latest versions of the following standards. 　　GB 2893-1982 Safety Colors GB 13495-1992 Fire Safety Signs GB 13690-1992 Classification and Marking of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals 3 Definitions This standard adopts the following definitions: 3.1 Identification colors: Colors used to identify the type of substance contained in industrial pipelines. 　　3.2 Code indications 　　Symbols used to identify the name and state of the substances within industrial pipelines. 　　3.3 Danger label: Indicates that the substance contained in industrial pipelines is a hazardous chemical. 　　3.4 Fire label: Indicates that the substance contained within industrial pipelines is intended for use in extinguishing fires. 　　4 Basic Identification Colors 　　4.1 Based on the general properties of the substances contained in the pipes, they are classified into eight categories; eight basic identification colors are specified accordingly, along with their corresponding color standard numbers and color samples (see Table 1). 　　4.2 Basic identification color marking methods For the basic identification color marking of industrial pipelines, users shall select from the following five methods. Examples of applications are provided in Appendix A (the standard appendix). 　　a) Marking along the entire length of the pipeline ； 　　b) Mark on the pipeline with color rings 150 mm wide ； 　　c) Identify on the pipeline with rectangular color-coded tags ； 　　d) Identify on the pipeline with arrowed rectangular color-coded signs ； 　　e) Identify it on the pipeline with attached identification color tags. Table 1: Eight basic identification colors, color samples, and color standard numbers. 4.3 When using the methods b), c), d), and e) in 4.2, the minimum distance between two markers should be 10 m. 　　4.4 The minimum size of the signs in 4.2 c), d), and e) shall be determined based on the ability to clearly observe and identify the colors. 　　4.5 When pipes are identified using the basic identification color methods specified in b), c), d), and e) of 4.2, the locations where such identification is to be applied should include the starting points and ending points of all pipes, intersection points, turns, valves, both sides of wall penetrations, as well as other parts of the pipes that require identification. 　　5 Identification symbols The identification symbols for industrial pipelines consist of the name of the substance, the flow direction, and the main process parameters. Such markings shall meet the following requirements: 5.1 Marking of the substance name a) Full name of the substance. For example: nitrogen, sulfuric acid, methanol. 　　b) Chemical molecular formula. For example: N2, H2SO4, CH3OH. 　　5.2 Indication of the flow direction of substances a) The flow direction of substances within industrial pipes is indicated by arrows; if the flow is in both directions, a double arrow is used. 　　b) When the identification methods for the basic identifying colors use d) and e) in 4.2, the direction indicated by the sign shall represent the flow direction of the substance within the pipeline as shown in [Figure d]. If the flow direction of the substance in the pipeline is two-way, the direction indicated by the sign should also be two-way. 　　5.3 The identification of key process parameters such as the pressure, temperature, and flow rate of a substance can be determined by the user as needed. 　　5.4 The minimum font size for the letters and numbers in 5.1 and 5.3, as well as the minimum dimensions of the arrows in 5.2, shall be determined so that the symbols can be clearly observed and identified. 　　6 Safety Markings 　　6.1 Hazard Markings 　　a) Scope of application: For substances contained within pipelines that fall under the category of hazardous chemicals as listed in GB13690, hazard markings must be applied to such pipelines. 　　b) Representation method: Apply a 150 mm wide yellow strip on the pipeline, and apply black color rings or strips 25 mm wide on each side of the yellow strip (see Appendix A); the range of safety colors shall comply with the provisions of GB2893. 　　c) To indicate a location: on or near the identifier of the basic identifying color. 　　6.2 Fire protection markings The special fire protection pipelines installed in industrial production shall comply with the provisions of GB13495-1992, and the marking “For fire protection use” shall be applied to these pipelines. The identification location and minimum font size shall comply with the requirements of 4.5 and 5.4 respectively. Appendix A (Standard Appendix) Examples of the Application of Methods for Identifying Basic Colors and Identification Symbols A1 Reference diagram for methods of identifying basic colors as well as flow direction, pressure, temperature, etc. (Figure A1) Figure A1 A2 Reference diagram for methods of identifying names of hazardous chemicals and substances (Figure A2) Figure A2

Thank you to the technician on the 3rd floor! :handshake

3.1 General Requirements 3.1.1 To improve production management, facilitate operation and maintenance, promote safe production, and enhance the appearance of the plant, the outer surfaces of pipelines in petrochemical enterprises should be painted with surface colors and markings. a) The surface refers to the outer surface of uninsulated pipes and the outer surface of the protective layer on insulated pipes. The surface color is the color applied to the entire outer surface. b) Markings refer to distinct identifiers applied over a localized area on the outer surface, including text, codes, tag numbers, color rings, and arrows. The logo can be painted on top of the surface color, or it can be painted directly on the original color or the color as produced by the factory. 3.1.2 Except for pipes whose surfaces are made of materials such as enamel, ceramics, plastics (including fiberglass), rubber, non-ferrous metals, stainless steel, and galvanized metal, which should retain their original color from the manufacturer or the natural color of the material without the need for additional surface coloring (although markings should still be applied), all other pipes should have their surfaces colored and marked. 3.1.3 The surface of pipes painted with colored paint must not be painted with a surface color again, but markings may be applied. 3.1.4 When it is difficult to apply markings on pipes with an outer diameter or the outer diameter of the protective layer of 50 mm or less, marker plates can be used. 3.1.5 Principles for selecting the basic identification color of pipes: a) The surface color should be aesthetically pleasing, serene, and harmonious in terms of color; the color difference should not be too large ； b) Use colors that are easier to remember; for example, people often use “rippling blue waves” to describe river water, and “a azure sky” to describe the sky. Therefore, water is best represented in green, while air and oxygen are best depicted in sky blue, etc ； c) Use the colors that people are accustomed to as much as possible; for example, people commonly use black to represent waste, so wastewater should be colored black ； d) Red, which draws attention easily, should be used for hazardous pipelines as well as for fire protection and safety venting ； e) The colors should be uniform; pipes carrying the same medium within a device should be painted the same color to facilitate operation and management. 3.1.6 When implementing these provisions, the colors to be used shall be in accordance with SHJ43 (Appendix I: Color Chart). 3.2 Pipe surface color and markings 3.2.1 The surface color and marking color of above-ground pipes shall comply with the provisions in Table 3.2.1. Table 3.2.1 Pipe Surface Colors and Marking Colors
Serial Number | Name | Pipe Surface Color | Marking Color | Color Ring | Inscriptions and Arrows
1 | Material pipes | a) General materials: Silver, Bright red b) Chlorine: Silver, Medium phthalein blue, Medium phthalein blue c) Hydrogen: Medium phthalein blue, Bright red d) Acid and alkali pipes: Purple, Bright red
2 | Utility pipes | a) Water: Light green, White b) Sewage: Black, White c) Steam: Silver, Bright red d) Air and oxygen: Sky blue, Bright red e) Nitrogen: Light yellow, Bright red f) Ammonia, liquid ammonia: Medium yellow, Bright red
3 | Emergency vent pipes: Bright red, White
4 | Fire protection pipes | a) Fire steam, fire water: Bright red b) Fire foam: Bright red, Medium yellow, Medium yellow
5 | Electrical and instrumentation protection pipes: Black
6 | Instrumentation pipes | a) Instrument air pipes: Sky blue b) Pneumatic signal pipes, pressure guiding pipes: Silver
7 | Pipe supports and hangers: Lantern gray or apple green

3.2.2 The surface colors of valves and small devices on pipes shall comply with the specifications in Table 3.2.2. Table 3.2.2 Surface Colors of Valves and Small Equipment on Pipes
Serial Number Name Surface Color Remarks
1 Valve body a) Gray cast iron, malleable cast iron: Black b) Ductile iron: Silver c) Carbon steel: Medium gray d) Acid-resistant steel: Helian e) Alloy steel: Medium phthalo blue
2 Valve handwheel, handle a) Cast-iron valves: Bright red b) Carbon valves: Helian
3 Small equipment: Silver or original color
4 Control valve a) Cast-iron body: Black b) Cast-steel body: Medium gray c) Forged-steel body: Silver d) Diaphragm: Bright red
5 Safety valve: Bright red

3.2.3 The markings on pipes shall comply with the following requirements: a) Markings on pipes include color rings, text, and arrows. The text generally indicates the name of the medium and the pipe code, which should be consistent with the codes in the Process Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (PID) ； b) For pipes that require color rings, markings, arrows, and color rings shall be applied at valves, pipe branches, within 1 meter of the equipment’s inlets and outlets, and where the pipes cross the boundaries of installations. As shown in Figure 3.2.3. 1) The text and arrows should be neat and of appropriate size ； 2) The width of the pipe color ring is 100mm ； 3) The spacing between the color rings on the horizontal pipes inside the device should be 20m ； 4) The spacing between the color rings on the horizontal pipes outside the device should be 30 m ； 5) When multiple pipes are arranged side by side, the placement of their color rings should be considered to ensure neatness and aesthetics. c) For the same production unit or plant, where two or more fluids of different pressure levels are used simultaneously, in order to distinguish between these different pressure levels and prevent high-pressure fluids from entering the low-pressure system and causing accidents, it is common to use one, two, or three color rings to indicate the fluid pressure. The color ring is generally chosen to be purplish-red, and its size is determined according to the fluid inside the tube as specified in Table 3.2.3. Figure 3.2.3 Markings on pipes Table 3.2.3 Size of color rings and pressure grades Pressure of fluid in the pipe, MPa ≥ 0.6~

Production of pipeline and equipment markings: Pipeline painting colors should be applied in accordance with the factory’s internal requirements； ⒈The markings should be sprayed on both the front and back of the valve, indicating the flow direction of the material; ensure that the colors are visible ； ⒉Markings are located at the device boundaries and above and below the pipelines to assist operators and prevent misoperations. ⒊The identification for stationary and moving equipment should be painted in a prominent location, using a font that is large enough and a color that is bright enough.

Personal opinion: Following standards is certainly good, but it can be troublesome. If it’s to meet inspection requirements, there’s no choice but to do so and adhere to the standards. However, if it’s intended for operators to identify things more easily, then it’s simpler – one can use labels for pipes and valves. For pipe labels, indicate the material flowing within the pipe, its source, and its destination; adding an arrow in between will suffice. The same principle applies to valve labels; they should be made of metal, with the text printed or engraved on them, and hung on key valves or those that are prone to confusion. In fact, the most important thing about labels is that they be simple, clear, and eye-catching

Indicate the name of the material inside the pipeline

All of the above have been described in detail; I will just mark them with images. http://www.gzqidian.com/images/100_0173.JPG