Current status and development trends of my country's lead-acid battery industry

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The battery industry is an important part of the new energy field and a new hot spot in global economic development. In 2006, two of the top ten science and technology plans in the United States were battery projects, accounting for one-third of the total sales of the lead-acid battery industry. It is closely related to the development of electric power, transportation, information and other industries. It occupies a controlling position in transportation vehicles such as automobiles and forklifts and large-scale uninterruptible power supply systems. It is an indispensable product in social production and business activities and human life. The lead-acid battery industry is the new green energy system with the most promising development and application prospects in the 21st century. It is also related to * * Realization of sustainable development strategy. In recent years, lead-acid battery technology has continued to develop and products have become increasingly mature. The structure of starting batteries has been gradually optimized and upgraded, and maintenance-free batteries are widely used and are still an important power supply device for military and civilian transportation equipment, playing an important supporting role in my country becoming the world's major automobile producer. Valve-controlled batteries, gel batteries, etc. are core components of backup power supplies and large reserve power supplies, and their production has become an important basic industry in the development of the national economy. The lead-acid battery industry has great potential. Lead, the main raw material of lead-acid batteries, can be recycled and used repeatedly. As long as relevant industrial policies for waste battery recycling are introduced and the market is correctly guided, many resource and environmental problems such as shortage of nonferrous metals and lead pollution in my country can be effectively solved. Therefore, correctly understanding the current situation of the battery industry, grasping development trends, and effectively solving its own problems are the only effective ways to recycle resources, build a conservation-oriented society, and develop scientifically towards the national economy. The current situation of my country's lead-acid battery industry has changed since joining the WTO. * * Driven by related industries and the increase in investment by international battery manufacturers in China, China's lead-acid battery industry has developed rapidly, with an annual growth rate of more than 30%. At the same time, with the increasing demand in the international market, China has also become one of the largest exporters of lead-acid batteries in the world. The gap between my country's lead-acid battery technology and the international level is not obvious. Automobile batteries are at the internationally advanced level, and battery technology for power and electric bicycles is close to the international advanced level. After more than 20 years of development, maintenance-free and sealed battery technology has made great achievements, making lead-acid batteries not only used in transportation, * * It is widely used in traditional fields such as national defense, and is widely used in solar photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, communication power supply, power transformation and distribution systems, railways, ship communications, starting, lighting power supply, and UPS power supply. Technological progress has promoted the rapid development of the battery industry, making it one of the emerging sunrise industries. However, as the price of lead, the main raw material for lead-acid batteries, increased significantly in the second half of 2004 and continued to maintain high prices, the profits of the lead-acid battery industry showed a downward trend. In recent years, with the changes in market demand, the production methods and processes of lead-acid batteries have been continuously improved, the manufacturing level has been continuously improved, and the battery specific energy, cycle life, performance consistency, use safety and environmental protection have been continuously improved. With the development of power sources such as electric bicycle batteries, high-temperature curing technology has developed rapidly. It is generally believed that high-temperature curing can improve the life of the battery. In recent years, a large number of parameters have been accumulated for negative electrode additives and ratios, and some regular experiences have been found. In China, other advanced technologies such as rolled batteries, bipolar batteries, thin plates, etc. are still in the research stage and have not been mass produced. Judging from the status of my country's patent technology applications, the overall technological development defense line of the battery industry in recent years is the improvement of battery structure and the development of battery models. Foreign patented technologies mainly involve thin-plate bipolar lead batteries, sealed batteries using modular structures, and colloidal electrolyte lead batteries. Therefore, there is still a certain gap between our patented technology and foreign countries. The environmental protection status and existing problems of the lead-acid battery industry. After years of construction and development, my country's lead-acid battery industry has basically formed a system and is showing a rapid development trend. Environmental protection issues have also made breakthrough progress. At present, my country's treatment methods and technologies for lead smoke, lead dust, sulfuric acid mist and water have been basically mature. Major and medium-sized lead-acid battery manufacturers continue to increase their efforts in technological transformation and update their processes. Equipment, high-efficiency cartridge dust collectors are generally used to replace electrostatic precipitators, wet dust collectors are used to purify lead smoke, turbulent ball acid mist purification towers are used to absorb sulfuric acid mist, and lead-acid wastewater flocculation reaction treatment is used to technically eliminate or reduce the impact of pollutants on the environment. The production and operating environment continues to improve. Most large and medium-sized production companies have achieved clean production, and some have passed * * Environmental system certification. 　　However, due to the following reasons, the pollution problem in the battery production process has not been well solved. In particular, the pollution problem in the production process of a large number of medium-sized and small enterprises is serious.: There are many manufacturers with small scales, serious pollution, and uneven quality. Some workshop-style factories that do not meet environmental protection conditions have sprung up. About a quarter of the companies have chosen sites for construction without environmental protection approval. Pollution prevention and control facilities are not matched, and production is not carried out under strict environmental protection measures and industrial safety and health conditions, causing harm to operators and the ecological environment. The production license system does not strictly control the standards for clean production and environmental protection facilities. Although my country has implemented a production license system since 2005, due to some problems in approval and implementation, it has not really promoted production companies to achieve cleaner production. Many substandard manufacturers have switched to legalization (currently there are 930 companies issuing certificates), causing serious environmental problems. There are still many imperfections and unsatisfactory aspects in laws related to environmental protection. The amount of fines imposed on polluting companies and environmental protection departments is limited and cannot be compared with the social losses caused by corporate pollution. in addition, * * There is no designated policy to protect large and medium-sized battery manufacturers, and the local environmental protection department also manages small battery manufacturers and only focuses on the supervision of large and medium-sized enterprises, resulting in large and medium-sized enterprises being burdened with sewage fees, monitoring fees, and "three simultaneous" evaluation fees. The key measure to solve environmental problems is to fully implement battery recycling policies. my country is actively promoting a circular economy. 90% of used batteries can be recycled. However, my country's industrial policy does not give waste battery recycling a good development space, causing it to become a bottleneck that has long plagued the development of batteries in my country. There is no legal specification for the recycling management of used lead-acid batteries in our country. There is no professional waste lead-acid battery recycling company in the country. No professional lead recycling company or battery company has established a national recycling network and a regional recycling network. The entire recycling work is in a state of decentralized and disorderly operation, and the recycling rate of used lead-acid batteries is not high. The problem of lead recycling occurs in non-standard enterprises, and it is imperative to rectify and strengthen management. * * Relevant departments should introduce policies as soon as possible to ban small scrap lead recycling companies just like small coal kilns and small smelting companies. At the same time, policies have been introduced to encourage and support large battery manufacturers to recycle used batteries. The main factors restricting the development of my country's recycled lead industry are:: First, the cost burden of environmental protection equipment is heavy. The operating efficiency of enterprises with advanced technology and complete environmental protection equipment cannot match the "small lead smelting" in towns and villages with backward technology and serious pollution. Second, supervision is not strong enough. Recycled lead production is still going on without a business license, and rectification and rectification will only address the symptoms but not the root cause. The "small lead smelting" that was once closed has revived. Third, industrial policies are not conducive to the development of formal enterprises. Excessive taxation also weakens the ability of large-scale recycled lead companies to increase environmental management. The development trend of my country's lead-acid battery industry. Lead-acid batteries, which have a history of more than 100 years, will still dominate the market in the next few decades due to their cheap materials, simple processes, mature technology, low self-discharge, and maintenance-free requirements. Although the market space for starter and power batteries may have an inflection point, in the near future * * It will still occupy a mainstream position in industrial development and will also occupy a certain position in the medium term. * In the long term, it will continue to exist in applications that do not require a high weight-to-weight ratio energy. At present, its original main application fields such as automobiles, motorcycles, and backup power supplies are growing significantly, and it is also developing in new application fields such as electric mopeds and tourist vehicles. The development of valve-regulated battery technology has met the power supply needs of high-tech equipment such as UPS, electricity, and communications. Due to the continuous advancement of lead-acid battery technology, the electric moped industry has achieved tremendous development and has contributed to reducing pollution from fuel vehicles and fuel motorcycles. The development of maintenance-free technology and expanded mesh grid technology meets the needs of the rapid development of the automotive industry. It can be said that the technological progress of lead-acid batteries in these application fields has contributed to the improvement of * * Competitiveness has made a real contribution. 　 The demand for small mobile power supplies in industries such as power tools and electric bicycles has stimulated the rapid growth of the power battery industry. Most of the batteries used in electric bicycles are valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries. After performance improvements, breakthroughs have been made in terms of specific energy and cycle life. However, so far, they still have shortcomings such as insufficient specific energy at medium and high speeds and insufficient deep cycle life, which have largely affected the rapid growth of the electric bicycle industry. 　 Electric bicycles as underdeveloped * * Transportation tools have developed rapidly in recent years, especially in our country. From 290,000 vehicles in 2000 to 12.09 million vehicles in 2005, the average annual growth rate reached 174%. It can be expected that for a long period of time in the future, battery products for electric mopeds will develop vigorously. More than 95% of the power batteries for electric bicycles in my country