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Understanding national conditions: **Key environmental protection projects during the 11th Five-Year Plan period** 1. Project for strengthening environmental supervision capabilities: establishing an environmental quality monitoring network, enhancing the capacity for environmental law enforcement, setting up automatic online monitoring systems for key polluting sources under national control, developing emergency response systems for sudden environmental incidents, creating a comprehensive environmental assessment system, implementing the “Golden Ring” project, and building infrastructure to support innovation in environmental technology. 2. Hazardous waste and medical waste disposal projects: Complete the construction of 31 provincial-level centralized hazardous waste disposal centers and 300 centralized medical waste disposal centers in cities divided into districts. 3. Chromium slag pollution control project: Comprehensive treatment of stacked chromium slag and contaminated soil. 4. Urban sewage treatment projects: Add 45 million tons per day of capacity for urban sewage treatment, upgrade and improve existing sewage treatment plants and related pipeline networks, as well as establish systems for the safe disposal of sludge and the reuse of reclaimed water. 5. Water pollution control projects in key river basins: control of major industrial pollution sources, pollution prevention and control upstream of water sources, treatment of pollution from large-scale livestock and poultry farming, and comprehensive environmental management in certain cities. 6. Urban waste treatment project: An additional capacity of 240,000 tons per day for the treatment of urban domestic waste has been added. 7. Flue gas desulfurization projects for coal-fired power plants and sintering plants in the steel industry: The desulfurization capacity of existing thermal power units in operation has reached 213 million kilowatts. 8. Projects for key ecological function areas and nature reserves: Establish a number of model **key ecological function protection areas. Improve the management and protection infrastructure for a number of **-level nature reserves. 9. Nuclear and Radiation Safety Engineering: Facilities such as a laboratory for the performance evaluation of nuclear equipment, a laboratory for the identification of radioactive materials, a center for the management of radioactive waste, a laboratory for electromagnetic radiation monitoring, a national control network for the supervision and monitoring of the radiation environment, and a **Nuclear and Radiation Safety Supervision and Management System have been established. 10. Rural Prosperity and Environmental Protection Initiative: Establish 2,000 towns and villages with beautiful environments, and complete comprehensive environmental improvement in 10,000 administrative villages.