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Sulfur dioxide I. Labeling Chinese name: Sulfur dioxide； Sulfur dioxide oxide; English name: sulfur dio*de; molecular formula: SO2; relative molecular mass: 64.06; CAS number: 7446-09-5; hazard category: Category 2.3 – toxic gas; chemical category: non-metallic oxide. Main components and properties: main component, percentage content – industrial grade: ≥99.9% ； Grade 2: ≥99.0% Appearance and properties: Colorless gas with a highly irritating, asphyxiating odor. Main uses: Used in the production of sulfuric acid and safety powder, etc. 3. Health hazards – Route of exposure: Inhalation. Health hazards: It is easily absorbed by moist mucosal surfaces, resulting in the formation of sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid. It has a strong irritating effect on the eyes and respiratory mucosa. Inhalation in large quantities can cause pulmonary edema, laryngeal edema, and vocal cord spasm, leading to asphyxiation. Acute poisoning: In cases of mild poisoning, symptoms such as tearing, photophobia, coughing, and burning pain in the throat and pharynx occur ； Severe poisoning can cause pulmonary edema within a few hours ； Inhalation of extremely high concentrations can cause reflex laryngospasm, leading to asphyxiation. Inflammation or burns may occur upon skin or eye contact. Chronic effects: Prolonged exposure to low concentrations can lead to systemic symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and fatigue, as well as chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and a decrease in sense of smell and taste. A few workers suffer from tooth erosion. IV. First aid measures: In case of skin contact, immediately remove the contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of flowing water. Seek medical attention. Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse with flowing water or saline. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: Quickly move to a place with fresh air. Keep the airway clear. If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: Combustion and explosion properties and fire fighting: Non-flammable. Flash point (°C): Not applicable. Lower explosion limit (%): Not applicable. Ignition temperature (°C): Not applicable. Upper explosion limit (%): Not applicable. Minimum ignition energy (mJ): Not applicable. Maximum explosion pressure (Mpa): Not applicable. Hazardous properties: Non-flammable. In the event of high temperatures, the pressure inside the container increases, posing a risk of cracking and explosion. Fire extinguishing method: This product is non-flammable. Firefighters must wear filter-type gas masks (full-face masks) or self-contained breathing apparatus, as well as full-body fire and gas-resistant suits, to extinguish the fire from upwind. Cut off the gas supply. **Cool the container; if possible, move it away from the fire to an open area. Extinguishing agents: fogged water, foam, carbon dioxide. 6. Emergency response to leaks: Evacuate people from the area affected by the leak to an area upwind as soon as possible, and establish a containment zone immediately; for minor leaks, the containment distance should be 150 meters, while for major leaks it should be 450 meters. Access to the area must be strictly restricted. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and protective suits. Enter the site from the upwind side. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible. Cover areas such as sewers near the leak site with industrial coverings or adsorbents/absorbents to prevent gases from entering. Ensure proper ventilation to accelerate diffusion. Diluted and dissolved with spray water. Construct dikes or dig pits to contain the large amount of wastewater generated. If possible, use a trap to pass the gas through a sodium hypochlorite solution. Leaking containers must be properly handled, repaired, and inspected before being used again. 7. Storage and transportation precautions: Non-flammable, non-corrosive compressed gases. Store in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse. The temperature inside the warehouse should not exceed 30°C. Keep away from fire bells and heat sources, and avoid direct sunlight. It should be stored separately from flammable or combustible materials. During acceptance, pay attention to the product name and the inspection date of the bottles; those that were stored first should be used first. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the cylinders and accessories. The vehicle shall travel along the designated route and must not stop in residential areas or densely populated zones. 8. Protective Measures: Workshop hygiene standards – China’s MAC: 15 mg/m3; former Soviet Union’s MAC: 10 mg/m3. United States: TVL-TWA per OSHA standards: 5 ppm, equivalent to 13 mg/m3; per ACGIH standards: 2 ppm, equivalent to 5.2 mg/m3. United States: TLV-STEL per ACGIH standards: 5 ppm, equivalent to 13 mg/m3. Detection method: Salicyl aniline hydrochloride colorimetry ； Formaldehyde buffer-salicylaldehyde hydrochloride spectrophotometric method: Engineering controls require strict sealing, along with adequate local exhaust and general ventilation. Provide safety showers and eye wash stations. Respiratory protection: When the concentration in the air is above the permissible level, wear a self-priming filter-type respirator (full-face mask). It is recommended to wear a positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus during emergency rescue or evacuation. Eye protection is provided; respiratory system protection is covered under the existing measures. Body protection: Wear polyethylene protective clothing. Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves. Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited in other work areas. After work, take a shower**. Maintain good hygiene* habits.