Toluene

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Toluene 1 Logo Chinese name Toluene English name methylbenzene; Toluene Molecular formula C7H8 Relative molecular mass 92.14 CAS number 108-88-3 CH3 Structural formula Hazard category Category 3.2 Flash point flammable liquid Chemical category Aromatic hydrocarbon 2 Main components and properties Main ingredients Pure product Appearance and properties Colorless transparent liquid with an aromatic smell similar to benzene. Mainly used for blending gasoline composition and producing toluene derivatives, * * , main raw materials for dye intermediates, drugs, etc. Three health hazards: inhalation, ingestion, and transdermal absorption. Health hazard: irritating to skin and mucous membranes, damaging to central nervous system * * Action acute poisoning: Inhalation of higher concentrations of this product in a short period of time may cause obvious symptoms of eye and upper respiratory tract irritation, conjunctiva and pharyngeal congestion, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, limb weakness, staggering gait, and confusion. Severe cases may have restlessness, convulsions, and coma. chronic poisoning: Long-term exposure may cause neurasthenia syndrome, hepatomegaly, abnormal menstruation in female workers, etc. Dry skin, chapped skin, dermatitis. 4. First aid measures: Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. In case of eye contact, lift eyelids and rinse with running water or saline. Seek medical attention. If inhaled, quickly move away from the site to fresh air. Keep your airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. If swallowed, drink plenty of warm water, induce vomiting, and seek medical attention. 5. Flammability and explosion characteristics and fire protection Flammable flash point (℃) 4 Lower explosion limit (%) 1.2 Ignition temperature (℃) 535 Explosion upper limit (%) 7.0 Minimum ignition energy (mJ) 2.5 Maximum explosion pressure (Mpa) 0.666 Hazardous characteristics: It is flammable, and its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. In case of open flame or high heat, it can cause combustion and explosion. Can react strongly with oxidizing agents. If the flow rate is too fast, it is easy to generate and accumulate static electricity. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance from a lower place. It will cause backfire when exposed to an open flame. Fire extinguishing methods * * Cool the container and, if possible, move it from the fire to an open area. Containers in a fire scene must be evacuated immediately if they change color or if there is sound from the safety pressure relief device. fire extinguishing agent: Foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand. Water is ineffective in extinguishing the fire. 6. Leak emergency response: Quickly evacuate personnel in the leaked contaminated area to a safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire source, and it is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and fire protective clothing. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible and prevent it from entering restricted spaces such as sewers and flood ditches. small leak: Absorb with activated carbon or other inert material. You can also use a lotion made of non-flammable dispersants for brushing. The lotion is diluted and put into the wastewater system. massive leaks: Build dikes or dig pits for containment ； Cover with foam to reduce vapor hazards. Use an explosion-proof pump to transfer it to a tanker or a special collector, and recycle or transport it to a waste treatment site for disposal. 7. Storage and transportation precautions: Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources. The temperature inside the warehouse should not exceed 30℃. Protect from direct sunlight. Keep container tightly sealed. Should be stored separately from oxidizing agents. The lighting, ventilation and other facilities in the warehouse should be explosion-proof, and the switches should be located outside the warehouse. Equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment. The stacking of barrels should not be too large, and wall distances, ceiling distances, column distances and necessary fire inspection walkways should be left. Fire and explosion prevention technical measures must be taken during tank storage. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. When filling, attention should be paid to the flow rate (not exceeding 3m/s), and a grounding device should be installed to prevent the accumulation of static electricity. When handling, load and unload with care to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Eight protective measures workshop health standards China MAC (mg/m3) 100 Former Soviet Union MAC (mg/m3) 50 United States TVL-TWA OSHA 200ppm, 754mg/m3 ； ACGIH 50ppm, 188mg/m3 ； TLV-STEL in the United States has not established a standard detection method. Gas chromatography engineering controls the production process to be airtight and strengthen ventilation. Respiratory system protection When the concentration in the air exceeds the standard, you should wear a self-priming filter gas mask (half mask) during emergency rescue or evacuation. You should wear an air respirator or an oxygen respirator. Eye Protection Wear chemical safety glasses. Body protection Wear anti-toxic substance penetration overalls. Wear latex gloves for hand protection. Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited at other work sites. After work, take a shower * * . maintain good hygiene * used. 9. Physical and chemical properties Melting point (℃) -94.9 Boiling point (℃) 110.6 Relative density (water=1) 0.87 Relative density (air=1) 3.14 Saturated vapor pressure (kPa) 4.8932 (30℃) Log value of octanol/water partition coefficient 2.69 Heat of combustion (kJ/mol) 3905.0 Critical temperature (℃) 318.6 Critical pressure (Mpa) 4.11 Solubility Insoluble in water, miscible in most organic solvents such as benzene, alcohol, and ether. 10. Stability and reactivity Stability Stability Polymerization Hazards No polymerization Conditions to avoid contact Contraindications Strong oxidants. The combustion (decomposition) products are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. 11 Toxicology Information Acute toxicity LD50 5000mg/kg (rat oral) ； 12124mg/kg (rabbit transdermal) ； LC50 20003mg/m3, 8 hours (mouse inhalation) Irritation to human eyes: 300ppm, causing irritation. rabbit transdermal: 500mg, moderate stimulation. Subacute and chronic toxicity: Rats and guinea pigs inhale 390 mg/m3, 8 hours/day, 90-127 days, causing changes in the hematopoietic system and substantial organs. Mutagenic micronucleus test: Mice take 200mg/kg orally. Cytogenetic analysis: Rats inhaled 5400μg/m3, 16 weeks (intermittent). reproductive toxicity: The lowest toxic concentration for inhalation in rats (TCL0): 1.5g/m3, 24 hours (administered from 1st to 18th day of pregnancy), causes embryotoxicity and abnormal muscle development. The lowest toxic concentration for mice inhaled (TCL0): 500mg/m3, 24 hours (administered on 6th to 13th day of pregnancy), causes embryotoxicity. 12. Environmental information This substance may be harmful to the environment and may cause pollution to the air, water environment and water sources. Special attention should be paid to fish and mammals. Can be oxidatively degraded by organisms and microorganisms. 13. Things you should read before disposal * * and local regulations. Dispose by controlled incineration. 14. Transport Information Dangerous Regulation No. 32052 UN No. 1294 Packaging Classification II Packaging Marking 7 Packaging Method Small Opening Steel Drum ； Wooden crates outside screw-top glass bottles, iron-top press-top glass bottles, plastic bottles or metal barrels (cans). The Tenth Five-Year Regulations Regulations on the Safety Management of Information Chemical Dangerous Goods (issued by the State Council on February 17, 1987), Implementation Rules of the Regulations on the Safety Management of Chemical Dangerous Goods (Hua Lao Fa 1992] No. 677), Regulations on the Safe Use of Chemicals in the Workplace (1996] No. 423 issued by the Ministry of Labor) and other regulations have made corresponding provisions on the safe use, production, storage, transportation, loading and unloading of chemical dangerous goods. ； The Classification and Labeling of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals (GB13690-92) classifies this substance as a flash point flammable liquid in Category 3.2. Other regulations: Safety regulations for nitration production of benzene and chlorobenzene (88] Hualianzi No. 858).