Thread Content
Formaldehyde – Chinese name: Formaldehyde； Formaldehyde – English name: formaldehyde; molecular formula: CH2O; relative molecular mass: 30.03; CAS number: 50-00-0. Structural formula: H—C—H. Hazard category: Category 8.3, other corrosives. Chemical category: Aldehydes. Main components and properties: The pure form is a colorless gas that is irritating and suffocating; it is usually available as an aqueous solution. Its main use is as an important organic raw material; it is also used as a precursor for **, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides, as well as in the production of fungicides and disinfectants. III. Health hazards: Routes of exposure include inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Health hazards: This product is highly irritating to mucous membranes, the upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Exposure to its vapor can cause conjunctivitis, keratitis, rhinitis, and bronchitis ； In severe cases, laryngospasm, glottic water clock, and pneumonia may occur. Pulmonary edema is less common. It has primary irritant and sensitizing effects on the skin, and can cause dermatitis ； Concentrated solutions can cause coagulative necrosis of the skin. Oral ingestion causes burns to the mouth and digestive tract, and may lead to gastrointestinal perforation, shock, as well as damage to the kidneys and liver. Chronic effects: Prolonged exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde can cause mild irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as dry skin, cracks in the skin, and softening of the nails. IV. First aid measures: In case of skin contact, remove the contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse thoroughly with plenty of flowing water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: Quickly move to a place with fresh air. Keep the airways clear. If there is difficulty breathing, administer oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: Administer 60 mL of 1% potassium iodide by gastric lavage. Conventional gastric lavage. Seek medical attention. V. Combustion and Fire-Fighting Properties: Flammability – Flammable; Flash point (°C): 50 (37%); Lower explosion limit (%): 7.0; Ignition temperature (°C): 430; Upper explosion limit (%): 73.0; Minimum ignition energy (mJ): No data available; Maximum explosion pressure (Mpa): No data available. Hazardous properties – Its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It can catch fire and explode in the presence of open flames or high heat. It reacts violently upon contact with oxidizers. Fire extinguishing method: Use misted water to keep the containers at the fire site cool, spray water on the escaping liquid to dilute it into a non-flammable mixture, and use misted water to protect firefighters. Extinguishing agents: fog water, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand. 6. Emergency response to leaks: Quickly evacuate people from the area contaminated by the leak to a safe zone, isolate it, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the source of fire; it is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and protective suits. Enter the site from the upwind side. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible to prevent it from entering confined spaces such as sewers and drainage ditches. Minor leaks: Absorb or adsorb using sand or other non-flammable materials. It can also be rinsed with a large amount of water, and the diluted wash water is then discharged into the wastewater system. Massive leakage: Build dikes or dig pits to contain it ； Cover with foam to reduce vapor hazards. Spray water to cool and dilute vapors, protect personnel on site, and dilute the leak into non-flammable substances. Transfer using a pump into a tank truck or a dedicated collector, and recycle it or transport it to a waste disposal facility for disposal. 7. Storage and Transportation Precautions: Store in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse. Keep away from flames and heat sources. Protect from direct sunlight. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidizers, acids, and bases. The lighting, ventilation, and other facilities in the storage area should be of explosion-proof type, with switches located outside the warehouse. Equip with appropriate types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment. The use of mechanical equipment and tools that can generate sparks is prohibited. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the packaging and containers. 8. Protective Measures and Workshop Hygiene Standards: China’s MAC (mg/m3): 3; Former Soviet Union’s MAC (mg/m3): 0.5; United States’ TVL-TWA per OSHA: 3 ppm; United States’ TLV-STEL: no standard established; ACGIH: 0.3 ppm, 0.37 mg/m3 ； Detection method: Phenol reagent colorimetry ； chromotropic acid spectrophotometry ； Oscillatory polarography, engineering control: strict sealing is required to ensure adequate local exhaust ventilation. Provide safety showers and eye wash stations. Respiratory protection: When there is a possible exposure to its vapors, it is recommended to wear a self-priming filter-type respirator (full-face mask). Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus during emergency rescue or evacuation. Eye protection is provided; respiratory protection is covered under the existing safeguards. Personal protection: Wear rubber acid- and alkali-resistant clothing. Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves. Others: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the work site. After use, clean thoroughly. Pay attention to personal hygiene. Conduct pre-employment and regular health checks. When entering tanks, confined spaces, or other areas with high concentrations, supervision must be provided. 9 Physical and Chemical Properties Melting point (°C): -92 Boiling point (°C): -19.4 Relative density (water=1): 0.82 Relative density (air=1): 1.07 Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 13.33 (-57.3°C) Logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): 2345.0 Critical temperature (°C): 137.2 Critical pressure (Mpa): 6.81 Solubility: Highly soluble in water; soluble in ethanol and most other organic solvents. 10 Stability and Reactivity Stability: Stable. Polymerization hazard: Polymerization. Conditions to avoid contact: Contraindicated with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and strong bases. Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide. 11 Toxicological data Acute toxicity LD50 800 mg/kg (oral, rats) ； 270mg/kg (rabbit dermal) ； LC50 590 mg/m3 (inhalation in rats). Subacute and chronic toxicity: When rats were exposed to 50–70 mg/m3 of this substance for 1 hour per day, 3 days per week, over 35 weeks, hyperplasia of basal cells in the trachea and bronchi as well as biochemical changes were observed. Mutagenicity: Microbial mutagenesis: Salmonella typhimurium 4 mg/L. Mammalian cell mutations: 130 μmol/L in human lymphocytes; sister chromatid exchange: 37 pph in human lymphocytes. Reproductive toxicity: Oral minimum toxic dose (TCL0) in rats: 200 mg/kg (for 1 day, males); it has an effect on sperm survival. An inhalation exposure of 12 μg/m3 in rats for 24 hours (during gestation days 1–22) caused biochemical and metabolic changes in the newborn pups. Carcinogenicity IARC Carcinogenicity Assessment: Positive in animals ； Humans are unclear. 12. Environmental Information: This substance is harmful to the environment, and special attention should be paid to water pollution. 13. Disposal: Refer to ** and relevant local regulations before disposal. Dispose of it using controlled combustion. 14. Transport Information: Hazard Code 83012, UN Number 1198, Packaging Class III, Packaging Mark 20, Packaging Method: Steel drum with small opening ； Small-mouth plastic bucket ； Glass bottles with threaded mouths, glass bottles sealed with iron lids, plastic bottles, or metal drums/tanks, packed in wooden crates ； Wooden crate outside the ampoule bottle ； Plastic bottles, tin-plated thin steel sheet drums, and externally covered bottom-grid boxes. 15. Regulatory Information: Regulations on the Safe Management of Chemical Hazardous Materials (issued by the State Council on February 17, 1987), Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Safe Management of Chemical Hazardous Materials (Document No. [Hua Lao Fa] 1992]677), Provisions on the Safe Use of Chemicals in the Workplace (Document No. [Lao Bu Fa] 1996]423), and other regulations that establish corresponding rules regarding the safe use, production, storage, transportation, and handling of chemical hazardous materials ； The Classification and Labelling of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals (GB13690-92) assigns this substance to Category 8.3, Other Corrosives.