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Chlorine – Chinese name: Chlorine； Chlorine; English name: chlorine; molecular formula: CI2; relative molecular mass: 70.91; CAS number: 7782–50–5; hazard category: Toxic gas, Category 2.3; chemical category: Halogens and interhalogen compounds. Main components and properties: Main component; content: Industrial grade ≥99.5% ； Appearance and properties: A yellow-green gas with an irritating odor. Main uses: Used for bleaching, and in the production of chlorine compounds, hydrochloric acid, polyvinyl chloride, etc. 3. Routes of health hazard exposure: Inhalation. Health hazards: It causes irritation to the eyes and respiratory mucosa. Acute poisoning: In mild cases, there are symptoms such as tearing, coughing, a small amount of phlegm, chest tightness, as well as signs of bronchitis ； In moderate poisoning, bronchopneumonia or interstitial pulmonary edema occurs; in addition to an exacerbation of the aforementioned symptoms, patients experience shortness of breath and mild cyanosis ； In severe cases, pulmonary edema, coma, and shock occur, and complications such as pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema may appear. Inhaling extremely high concentrations of chlorine can cause vagal reflex-induced cardiac arrest or laryngeal spasm, leading to a \"shock-like\" death. Skin contact with liquid chlorine or high concentrations of chlorine can cause burns or acute dermatitis in the affected areas. Chronic effects: Long-term exposure to low concentrations can cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, etc ； It can cause occupational acne and tooth erosion. IV. First Aid Measures: In case of skin contact, immediately remove the contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of flowing water. Seek medical attention. Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse with flowing water or saline. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: Quickly move to a place with fresh air. When breathing and heartbeat stop, perform artificial respiration and chest compressions immediately. Seek medical attention. Ingestion: Combustion and explosion properties and fire fighting; Flammability: Acts as an accelerant; Flash point (0°C): Not applicable; Lower explosion limit (%): Not applicable; Ignition temperature (0°C): Not applicable; Upper explosion limit (%): Not applicable; Minimum ignition energy (mJ): Not applicable; Maximum explosion pressure (MPa): Not applicable; Hazardous properties: This substance does not burn, but it can act as an accelerant for combustion. Most common combustibles can burn in chlorine, and most flammable gases or vapors can also form explosive mixtures with chlorine. Chlorine can react violently with many chemicals such as acetylene, turpentine, ethyl ether, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and metal powders, causing explosions or the formation of explosive substances. It has a corrosive effect on almost both metals and non-metals. Fire extinguishing method: This product is non-flammable. Firefighters must wear filtered gas masks (full-face masks) or self-contained breathing apparatus, as well as full-body fire and gas protection suits, to extinguish the fire from an upwind position. Cut off the gas supply. **Cool the container; if possible, move it away from the fire to an open area. Extinguishing agents: fogged water, foam, dry powder. 6. Emergency response to leaks: Evacuate people from the area contaminated by the leak to an area upwind as quickly as possible, and impose immediate isolation – 150 meters for minor leaks and 450 meters for major leaks – while strictly restricting access. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and protective suits. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible. Ensure proper ventilation to accelerate diffusion. Diluted and dissolved with spray water. Construct dikes or dig pits to contain the large amount of wastewater generated. If possible, use pipes to direct the leakage into a solution of a reducing agent (sodium sulfates or sodium carbonates). The leaking cylinder can also be immersed in a lime suspension. Leaking containers must be properly handled, repaired, and inspected before being used again. 7. Storage and transportation precautions: Non-flammable, toxic compressed gases. Store in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse. The warehouse temperature should not exceed 30°C. Keep away from flames and heat sources. Protect from direct sunlight. It should be stored separately from flammable or combustible materials, metal powders, etc. Do not store or transport together. A dike lower than the natural ground level should be constructed in the liquid chlorine storage area. During acceptance, pay attention to the product name and the inspection date of the bottles; those that were stored first should be used first. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the cylinders and accessories. The vehicle shall travel along the designated route and must not stop in residential areas or densely populated zones. 8. Protective Measures: Workshop hygiene standards – China MAC (mg/m3): 1; Former Soviet Union MAC (mg/m3): 1; United States TVL-TWA OSHA: 1 ppm, with a maximum limit of 3 mg/m3 ； ACGIH: 0.5 ppm, 1.5 mg/m3; US TLV—STEL: ACGIH 1 ppm, 2.9 mg/m3; Detection method: Methyl orange colorimetry ； Methyl orange spectrophotometry, engineering controls: strict sealing is required, along with adequate local exhaust ventilation and general ventilation. Provide safety showers and eye wash stations. Respiratory protection is necessary; when the concentration of airborne pollutants exceeds safe levels, it is recommended to use air respirators or oxygen respirators. An air respirator must be worn during emergency rescue or evacuation. Eye protection is provided; respiratory system protection is covered under the existing measures. Body protection: Wear a mask-type adhesive gas mask suit. Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves. Others: Smoking, eating, and drinking are prohibited at the work site. Take a shower after work**. Maintain good hygiene* habits. When entering tanks, confined spaces, or other areas with high concentrations, supervision must be provided. 9. Physical and Chemical Properties: Melting point (°C): –101; Boiling point (°C): –34.5; Relative density (water=1): 1.47; Relative density (water vapor=1): 0.97; Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 506.62 (10.3°C); Logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient; Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): Not applicable; Critical temperature (°C): 144; Critical pressure (MPa): 7.71; Solubility: Highly soluble in water and alkaline solutions. 10 Stability and Reactivity Stability: Stable. Polymerization hazard: No polymerization. Conditions to avoid contact: Precursors; flammable or combustible substances, alcohols, ether, hydrogen. Combustion (decomposition) product: hydrogen chloride. 11. Toxicology data: Acute toxicity LD50, LC50 – 850 mg/m3 for 1 hour (inhalation in rats). Subacute and chronic toxicity: In rabbits, inhalation at levels of 2–5.5 hours per day for 1–9 months resulted in weight loss, upper respiratory tract inflammation, pneumonia, pleurisy, and emphysema. Rats exposed to 41–97 mg/m3 for 1–2 hours per day for 3–4 weeks developed severe but non-lethal emphysema and tracheal lesions. Mutagenicity: Cytogenetic analysis: human lymphocytes at 20 ppm. Sperm morphology analysis: mice administered orally at 20 mg/kg (for 5 days), continuously. 12. Environmental Information: This substance poses serious hazards to the environment; special attention should be paid to pollution of water bodies and damage to plants, as well as to fish and other animals. . 13 Before disposal, refer to ** and relevant local regulations. The exhaust gas is passed into an excess of reducing solutions (bisulfite, ferrous salt, sodium thiosulfate solutions); after neutralization, it is flushed into the sewer with water. 14. Transport Information: Hazard Class Code 23002, UN Number 1017, Packaging Category II, Packaging Mark 6, Packaging Method: Steel gas cylinder. 15. Regulatory Information: Regulations on the Safe Management of Hazardous Chemicals (issued by the State Council on March 15, 2002), Provisions on the Safe Use of Chemicals in the Workplace (Ministry of Labor Order No. 423), and other regulations that set out corresponding rules regarding the safe use, production, storage, transportation, and handling of chemical hazards ； The Classification and Labelling of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals (GB13690—92) assigns this substance to Category 2.3: Toxic gases ； According to the Classification and Coding of Highly Toxic Substances (GB6944—86), the liquefied or compressed form of this substance is classified as Category 1, Class A inorganic highly toxic substances