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Chloroethylene – Chinese name: Chloroethylene； Vinyl chloride – English name: chloroethylene; vinyl chloride. Molecular formula: C2H3Cl. Relative molecular mass: 60.50. CAS number: 75–01–4. Hazard category: Class 2.1 flammable gas. Chemical category: Halogenated hydrocarbons. Main components and properties: The main component has a purity of ≥99.99%. Appearance and properties: Colorless, with an ether-like odor. Main uses: as a raw material for plastics and in organic synthesis, as well as as a refrigerant, etc. 3. Routes of health hazard exposure: Inhalation. Health hazards: Acute toxicity is manifested as **effects ； Prolonged exposure can cause chloroacetic acid deficiency. Acute poisoning: In cases of mild poisoning, patients experience dizziness, chest tightness, drowsiness, and unsteady gait ； Severe poisoning can cause coma, convulsions, and even death. Skin contact with chloroethylene liquid can cause erythema, edema, or necrosis. Chronic fly poisoning: manifests as neurasthenic syndrome, hepatomegaly, abnormal liver function, digestive disorders, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and acroosteolysis. The skin may experience dryness, chapping, desquamation, eczema, and other conditions. This product is a carcinogen that can cause hepatic angiosarcoma. 4. First aid measures: In case of skin contact, immediately remove the contaminated clothing and thoroughly wash the skin with soap and water. Seek medical attention. Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse with flowing water or saline. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: Quickly move to a place with fresh air. Keep the airway unobstructed; if breathing is difficult, provide oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Just a doctor. Ingestion: Combustion and explosion properties and fire fighting: Flammability – Flammable. Flash point (°C): Not applicable. Lower explosive limit (%): 3.6. Ignition temperature (°C): 415. Upper explosive limit (%): 31.0. Minimum ignition energy (mJ): No data available. Maximum explosion pressure (MPa): 0.666. Hazardous properties: Flammable; can form explosive mixtures when mixed with air. There is a risk of combustion and explosion in the presence of heat sources and open flames. Severe polymerization can occur upon combustion or in the absence of inhibitors. Its vapor is heavier than air, allowing it to spread over considerable distances at lower levels; it can catch fire and reignite when exposed to an open flame. Fire extinguishing method: Cut off the gas supply. If the gas supply cannot be cut off immediately, it is not allowed to extinguish the burning gas. **Cool the container; if possible, move it away from the fire to an open area. Extinguishing agents: fogged water, foam, carbon dioxide. 6. Emergency response to leaks: Evacuate people from the area contaminated by the leak promptly to an area upwind, and establish a quarantine to strictly control access. Cut off the source of fire. It is recommended that emergency responders wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and fire protection clothing. Seal the source of leakage as much as possible. Cover areas such as sewers near the leak site with industrial coatings or adsorbents/absorbents to prevent gases from entering. Ensure proper ventilation to accelerate diffusion. Diluted and dissolved with spray water. Construct dikes or dig pits to contain the large amount of wastewater generated. If possible, use an exhaust fan to send the residual gas or leaking gas to a scrubber tower or a fume hood connected to it. Leaking containers must be properly handled, repaired, and inspected before being reused. 7. Storage and transportation precautions: Flammable compressed gases. Store in a cool, well-ventilated warehouse. The temperature inside the warehouse should not exceed 30°C. Keep away from flames and heat sources. Protect from direct sunlight. It should be stored separately from oxygen, compressed air, oxidizers, etc. The lighting, ventilation, and other facilities in the storage area must be of explosion-proof type; the switches should be located outside the warehouse, and appropriate types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment must be available. Fire and explosion prevention technical measures must be in place during storage in tanks. Cooling measures must be in place for open-air storage tanks in summer. The use of mechanical equipment and tools that may generate sparks is prohibited. During acceptance, pay attention to the product name and the date of bottle inspection; those that were stored first should be used first. Handle with care during transportation to prevent damage to the cylinders and accessories. The vehicle shall travel along the designated route and must not stop in residential areas or densely populated zones. 8. Protective measures: Workshop hygiene standards – China’s MAC (mg/m3): 30; Former Soviet Union’s MAC (mg/m3): 5/1 (the numerator represents the maximum allowable concentration per exposure) ； The denominator represents the average maximum allowable concentration value for the work shift. ) In the United States, the TVL—TWA is 5 ppm, equivalent to 13 mg/m3. No standard has been established for the TLV—STEL in the U.S. The detection method is gas chromatography. For engineering controls, the production process should be enclosed and well-ventilated. Respiratory protection: When the concentration in the air is high, wear a filtered gas mask (half-mask). It is recommended to wear an air respirator during emergency rescue or evacuation. Eye protection: Wear chemical safety goggles. Body protection: Wear anti-static work clothes. Hand protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves. Others: Smoking is prohibited at the work site. Conduct pre-employment and regular health checks. When entering tanks, confined spaces, or other areas with high concentrations, supervision must be provided. 9. Physical and chemical properties: Melting point (°C) –159.8; Boiling point (°C) –13.4; Relative density (water=1) 0.91; Relative density (water vapor=1) 2.15; Saturated vapor pressure (kPa) 346.53 (25°C); Logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient 1.38; Heat of combustion (kJ/mol) – no data available; Critical temperature (°C) 142; Critical pressure (MPa) 5.60; Refractive index 1.4046; Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, propane, and most other organic solvents. 10 Stability and Reactivity Stability: Stable. Polymerization hazard: Polymerization. Conditions to avoid contact: Heat. Contraindications: Strong oxidizing agents. Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride. 11. Toxicology data: Acute toxicity – LD50: 500 mg/kg (oral administration in rats); LC50. Subacute and chronic toxicity: When rats were exposed to vapor concentrations of 30–40 mg/m3 for 4 hours per day over 5 months, electrocardiographic changes were observed after 20 days, including bradycardia and arrhythmias ； Atrioventricular conduction block occurred 4.5 months later. 7900 mg/m3, 4 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 12 months; resulting in lesions of the brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys as well as tumors. Mutagenicity in microorganisms: Salmonella typhimurium at 2000 ppm (48 hours). Microsomal mutagenesis: Salmonella typhimurium 1 pph. Cytogenetic analysis: Human Hela cells at 10 mmol/L. Carcinogenicity IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Human carcinogen. 12. Environmental Factors: Chloroethylene can participate in photochemical smog reactions in the environment, and it is readily photolyzed in the atmosphere, which is its main degradation process. It can also be biodegraded and chemically degraded; that is, it can be broken down by specific microbial communities, as well as oxidized by oxygen in the air to anisole, formaldehyde, and a small amount of phenylethanol. 13 Before disposal, refer to ** and relevant local regulations. For waste storage, see “Storage and Transportation Precautions”. Dispose of it using controlled burning. The hydrogen halides emitted from the incinerator are removed through an acid scrubber. 14. Transport Information: Hazard Class Code 21037, UN Number 1086, Packaging Classification II, Packaging Mark 4, Packaging Method: Steel gas cylinder. 15. Regulatory Information: Regulations on the Safe Management of Chemical Hazardous Materials (issued by the State Council on February 17, 1987), Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Safe Management of Chemical Hazardous Materials (Document No. Hualao Fa 677), Provisions on Safety-Related Chemicals in the Workplace (Document No. Laobu Fa 423), and other regulations that establish corresponding rules regarding the safe use, production, storage, transportation, and handling of chemical hazardous materials ； The Classification and Labelling of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals (GB13690—92) assigns this substance to Category 2