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Analysis and Measures for Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction in Thermal Power Plants Analysis and Measures for Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction in Thermal Power Plants 1. Analysis and Measures There are various aspects to energy saving and consumption reduction, such as improving combustion control, reducing leaks and losses of working fluids, maintaining an optimal vacuum in the condenser, raising the temperature of the feedwater, lowering the rate of auxiliary power consumption, reducing heat losses from exhaust gases, minimizing the water consumption per unit of output, and reducing the amount of make-up water needed. 1.1 Maintaining the optimal vacuum in the condenser: Maintaining an optimal vacuum in the condenser helps to enhance the performance of the unit, and it also reduces the amount of fuel required, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the unit. To maintain an optimal vacuum in the condenser during normal operation of the unit, the following measures should be taken: 1.1.1 Ensure good vacuum integrity of the unit; 1) Conduct vacuum integrity tests twice a month ； 2) Utilize the major and minor overhauls of the units to fill the condenser with water in order to locate leaks ； 3) Modify the shaft seal system to ensure proper steam supply to it ； Strengthen the operation and maintenance of shaft exhaust fans to ensure unobstructed steam return at the shaft seals. 4) Strengthen the monitoring and adjustment of the seal water system for the feed water pump. 5) Upon discovering that the vacuum system was not airtight and this was affecting the unit’s vacuum level, immediate investigations were carried out: a) It was checked whether the steam-side drain valves of #8, #7, #6, #5 low-temperature heaters, as well as the drain valves of the local level gauges and the electric contact level gauges, were properly closed ； #8. Is air being drawn into the packing and flanges of the direct-through valve for the low-temperature condensers #7, #5? ； b) Check whether the water level in the shaft seal cooler is normal ； c) Check whether the drain valves of the local level gauges in condensers A, B, and C are properly closed ； d) Check whether the vacuum in the single-stage water seal chamber has been disrupted due to leakage; add water to the single-stage water seal chamber as appropriate ； Check and adjust the seal water for the feed pump, and at the same time check whether there is a vacuum on the pressure gauge at the inlet of the multi-pole water seal chamber; if so, inject water into the water seal chamber to keep the pressure at the inlet at 0. e) Check and adjust the seal water of the condensate pump to prevent it from becoming too low ； Use a thin tissue to check whether the inlet filter flange of the condensation pump is drawing in air ； f) Check and adjust the seal water for the low-pressure feedwater pumps #7 and #8 to prevent too low a level of seal water in these pumps ； g) Inspect the drain pipes, elbows, pipelines, welds, etc., in the hydrophobic expansion vessel of the unit leading to the condenser hot water well, to check for any leaks ； Is there any cracking or leakage at the weld of the expansion joint on the steam drainage pipe that leads from the body’s hydrophobic expansion tank to the condenser throat? ； Are there any leaks in the packing and flanges of the final valve leading from the hydrophobic unit to the bulk hydrophobic expansion tank? ； h) Check whether the opening degree of the shaft seal steam relief bypass valve is too large, and ensure that the drain valves before and after the valve are properly closed ； Check whether the steam supply pressure to the low-pressure shaft seal is too low ； i) Check whether the vacuum break valve is leaking (inject water into the vacuum break valve) ； j) Check whether the air valves of the low-temperature feedwater pumps #7 and #8, as well as the condensate pumps, and the welds in the air pipelines are drawing in air ； Check for leaks in the air valves of the jet pump, the gasketing of the air valves in the condenser, and the welds ； k) Are there any cracks in the nozzle seats for the drain before and after the secondary bypass? ； The atmospheric vent and the drain valve of the expansion vessel in front of the stage bypass are not tight enough ； l) Is there any leakage in the safety valve of the low-pressure cylinder? ； m) Check for cracks in the condenser throat area, and verify that the sampling door of the condenser’s hot water well is properly closed ； 1.1.3 Strengthen the operation and maintenance of the jet pump; check whether the water level in the jet pool is normal and whether the water temperature is too high. If so, increase water exchange to ensure that the temperature in the jet pool does not exceed 26 degrees℃ ； 1.1.4 Strengthen the supervision of circulating water quality to reduce scaling in the condenser copper tubes, and carry out regular rubber ball cleaning to improve the heat exchange efficiency of these tubes ； 1.1.5 Strengthen the maintenance of cooling towers; during summer operation, fully open the central water supply valves to increase the water exchange in the cooling towers and improve their efficiency ； In spring and winter, adjust the opening degrees of the central water supply valve and the hot water return valve according to the temperature of the circulating water; install or remove the cooling tower skirt to maintain normal circulating water temperature ； Regularly check the tower tank for any debris, and remove it promptly to prevent such debris from entering the natural tower tank, which could cause the condenser filters to become clogged. This reduces the amount of water that actually circulates through the condenser, thereby lowering the vacuum level ； 1.1.6 Maintain a normal condensate level; if the condenser level is high, the space within the condenser decreases, as does the cooling area, resulting in a drop in the condenser vacuum. 1.1.7 During the hot summer months, depending on the vacuum level and by calculating the economic viability, it is determined whether to start the backup circulation pump in order to ensure that both circulation pumps are operating. 1.2 Increasing the feedwater temperature: Changes in the feedwater temperature directly affect the amount of fuel used by the boiler, thereby impacting its combustion process ； A low feedwater temperature increases the coal consumption required to power the boiler; at the same time, it raises the exhaust gas temperature, leading to increased heat losses from the exhaust gases and a decrease in the boiler’s efficiency ； The feedwater temperature of Units #1-#4 in our company fails to reach the design value for extended periods, and is significantly lower than the design value. 1.2.1 Ensure a high heat exchanger utilization rate: 1) The unit should start and stop smoothly, with the rate of increase in feedwater temperature being strictly controlled in accordance with the regulations ； 2) The startup and shutdown of the unit require that the high-pressure heaters be connected or disconnected in a timely manner in accordance with the relevant regulations ； 3) Strengthen the operation and maintenance of the high-pressure heaters to prevent improper operational procedures from causing the protection systems of these heaters to activate and lead to disconnection. 4) Maintain stable level of the high-pressure heater water ； 5) Cleaning the heat exchange tubes of the high-pressure heater removes deposits inside the tubes, reduces the temperature and thermal stresses at the areas where scaling occurs on these tubes, decreases the likelihood of leaks, and thus improves the utilization rate of the high-pressure heater. 1.2.2 The heater should operate at a normal water level at all times. Maintaining this normal water level is an important factor in ensuring the efficiency of heat recovery as well as the safe operation of the main and auxiliary equipment. Excessively high water levels can flood the effective heat transfer surfaces, reducing thermal efficiency; meanwhile, the drain water may flow back into the turbine, posing a risk to the safety of the main unit ； Additionally, in order to maintain the normal water level in the heater, emergency drain valves were opened to lower the water level, resulting in a waste of working fluid ； When the water level is too low or absent, steam enters the adjacent lower-level heater through the drain pipes, thereby displacing a large amount of low-pressure steam extraction. This reduces thermal efficiency, and it may also cause overpressure on the steam side of that heater as well as erosion of the tail tube bundle. Additionally, it accelerates the wear and damage to the drain pipes and valves, leading to vibration and fatigue issues in those components ； 1.2.3 During major and minor overhauls of the unit, leak checks are conducted on the heaters to verify whether there are any leaks in the steel tubes of the heaters, to check the sealing performance of the water chamber partitions, and to examine the sealing integrity of the high-pressure heater cylinders. Any leaks detected must be repaired promptly. If the welding quality of the water chamber partition is inadequate, it will inevitably cause some of the high-pressure feed water to take a short circuit around the heating tubes, without flowing through them. As a result, this portion of the feedwater does not undergo heat exchange with steam, causing the feedwater temperature to be low ； If the sealing of the cylinder on the heated surface of the heater is poor, it can lead to partial steam short-circuiting, thereby reducing the efficiency of heat exchange between the feedwater and steam and affecting the feedwater temperature. 1.2.4 Check that the extraction steam electric valves and check valves in each section are fully open. If these valves are not fully open, it will inevitably affect the outlet temperature of the heater, and thus the feedwater temperature as well. When the heater is put into operation, it is required that the extraction steam electric valve and the check valve be fully open. If the valve does not open fully due to reasons such as sticking of the valve mechanism or improper adjustment of the electric door’s travel, steam throttling will result in a loss of the steam’s energy capacity, affecting the feedwater temperature ； If abnormal pressure in the monitoring section is detected, an analysis should be conducted to check whether all the extraction steam electric valves and check valves are fully open; otherwise, maintenance should be requested to address the issue. 1.2.5 Check the opening degree of the interconnection valve. If the opening degree of this valve is not sufficient, the reliability of the components in the automatic protection system on the high-pressure water side decreases; issues such as sticking in the valve’s actuation mechanism or poor sealing of the valve can occur. This leads to some of the feedwater bypassing the normal feedwater path, thereby affecting the feedwater temperature. Therefore, if a problem is detected with the high-pressure interconnection valve, it is necessary to contact the maintenance team promptly for handling. 1.2.6 Check the tightness of the large bypass electric valve. As the large bypass electric valve in the high-pressure feedwater system, it allows the feedwater to flow through this valve rather than passing through the high-pressure feedwater side, thereby ensuring a supply of water to the boiler before that side is put into operation. If the lower limit travel of the high-pressure bypass electric valve is not properly set or if the valve’s sealing performance is poor, some of the feedwater will flow through the bypass circuit, affecting the feedwater temperature. The solution is to select valves with good tightness; during major overhauls of the units, the tightness of such valves should be checked, and the electric valve should be properly adjusted in coordination with the thermal systems. 1.2.7 Air valve opening on the steam side of the superheater: An air valve is installed on the steam side of the high-pressure heater; its function is to draw the air accumulated inside that side of the high-pressure heater out to the deaerator. Prevent the air accumulated inside the heater from affecting heat transfer efficiency. Since the heat transfer coefficient of air is much lower than that of steel, an air film forms around the steel pipe, hindering heat transfer. However, the air valve is operated manually, and its opening degree affects the feedwater temperature. 1.2.8 Reliability of the steam-side safety valve: A steam-side safety valve is installed on the steam side of the heater to prevent the steam pressure inside the heater from rising too high, thereby avoiding a reduction in the heater’s lifespan and stress-related damage. The steam-side safety door is generally a spring-type safety door. If the spring of the steam-side safety valve fails or the valve is not airtight, causing some steam to leak into the atmosphere, this results not only in heat loss but also in the waste of high-quality working fluid. 1.2.9 Pipe insulation materials: For 200 MW units, the design value for the temperature of the water exiting the high-pressure heater is generally around 240 °C, and there are long pipes connecting the water exiting the high-pressure heater to the boiler economizer. The room temperature at the production site is generally below 40–50°C; as a result, there is a temperature difference between the water supply pipes and the room temperature, which leads to heat release. If the insulation material used for the water supply pipes is improperly selected or of poor quality, it can lead to increased heat loss from these pipes, thereby affecting the water temperature. The solution is to use materials with good insulation properties and improve the quality of how these insulation materials are installed. ? 1.2.10 Condenser steam traps? If the sealing performance of the condenser steam trap valves is poor, or if operators accidentally open the emergency steam traps, it can result in the loss of large amounts of high-quality steam trap discharge or steam leakage. This leads to a significant loss of heat, which is not conducive to improving the thermal efficiency of the unit. 1.2.12 During operation, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the pressure in each monitoring section as well as the inlet and outlet water temperatures of each heater; regular analyses should be conducted, and any defects detected must be reported to the maintenance team for handling. 1.3 Improve boiler combustion adjustment In addition to proper combustion adjustment, ensuring an appropriate ratio of air supply is crucial for complete combustion in boilers. A reasonable excess air coefficient is essential; either too high or too low a value of this coefficient will result in reduced boiler efficiency. The larger the excess air coefficient, the greater the heat loss due to flue gas (q2); the excess air coefficient has a minor effect on the heat loss due to chemical non-combustion (q3) ； Regarding the heat loss due to incomplete mechanical combustion (q4), when the excess air coefficient is too low, some coal powder particles fail to mix properly with the air, resulting in an increase in q4. However, when the excess air coefficient is too high, the airflow velocity becomes too high, reducing the residence time of the coal powder in the furnace, which again leads to an increase in q4. A reasonable excess air coefficient should minimize the sum of losses. During normal operation, when the load increases, the air flow rate should be increased first, followed by an increase in fuel volume, so that adjustment of the air flow rate takes precedence over that of the fuel volume. During the load reduction process, the fuel supply should be reduced first, followed by the air supply, so that the adjustment of the air supply lags behind that of the fuel supply. This ensures complete combustion of the fuel and reduces heat losses due to incomplete combustion. During normal operation, especially at low loads, attention should be paid to the adjustment of air volume. When the oxygen level exceeds the specified value by 2%–3%, although the amount of fuel is reduced, the air volume is not decreased, resulting in a higher oxygen reading. This leads to an increased amount of air required for combustion. Apart from ensuring proper combustion, this also has a direct impact on the furnace temperature, increases the amount of flue gas, thereby increasing losses and reducing the boiler’s thermal efficiency. It also has a direct effect on the coal consumption required for power generation; hence, stricter control over air volume and oxygen levels is necessary at low loads. 1.4 Reducing the amount of water used for cooling the reheater: During operation, design factors can result in a large amount of water being used for cooling the reheater, which reduces economic efficiency. For each 1% increase in the reheater, it will cause an increase in heat consumption of 0.1%–0.2% in domestically produced 200MW units. For every 5°C increase in the reheat apparatus temperature, heat consumption decreases by 0.111%; for every 5°C decrease in the reheat steam temperature, heat consumption increases by 0.125%. The steam heated by the reheater enters the intermediate-pressure cylinder of the turbine to do work; compared to high-pressure steam entering the high-pressure cylinder to do work, its efficiency is significantly reduced. As we all know, the main ways to improve the thermal efficiency of a power unit are to increase the initial temperature and pressure, and to reduce the exhaust pressure. To this end, every effort should be made to ensure that high-temperature and high-pressure steam is used to perform more work. For temperature control of the reheater, the design utilizes flue gas dampers for adjustment, making full use of the amount of recirculated flue gas to change the temperature of the reheater. In actual operation, due to design reasons, the method of using reheat condensate water for adjustment is often employed. The injection of reheat condensate water is equivalent to increasing the amount of steam; part of the low-pressure steam is used to replace high-pressure steam in order to meet the unit’s load requirements, which thus reduces thermal efficiency. Therefore, during adjustment, efforts should be made to maintain the reheater temperature and reduce the ** amount. Measures such as altering the heating surfaces can also be considered to improve the economic efficiency of the unit. 1.5 Enhance soot blowing of the heating surfaces: During boiler operation, it is also necessary to strengthen soot blowing of the heating surfaces. Flue gas heat loss is the largest among all the losses associated with boilers, accounting for generally 4%-8%. The higher the flue gas temperature in a boiler plant, the greater the flue gas heat loss. The larger the volume of smoke at the exhaust location, the greater the heat loss due to exhaust. During boiler operation, when slagging or soot accumulation occurs on the heating surfaces, heat transfer on those surfaces deteriorates, causing the flue gas temperature to rise. To reduce smoke loss, it is necessary to keep all the heating surfaces of the boiler clean on a regular basis. However, soot blowing increases both fluid loss and heat loss; therefore, the frequency of soot blowing should be determined based on the design conditions and strictly followed, in order to ensure that the boiler operates under optimal conditions, thereby improving its efficiency and economic viability. 1.6 Reducing boiler air leakage: Air leakage in any part will increase the volume of gas, raise the heat loss due to exhaust smoke, and increase the power consumption of the exhaust fan. If air leakage is severe and the exhaust fan is run at full capacity yet still cannot maintain the required negative pressure in the furnace and flue, reducing the air supply volume will increase heat losses due to incomplete combustion, raise the likelihood of slag formation, and may even force a reduction in the boiler’s output. Air leakage in the air preheater not only increases the power consumption of the suction fan and the primary fan, but also lowers the flue gas temperature in the air preheater, which in turn reduces the temperature of the primary air and thus decreases the drying capacity of the coal grinder. It affects cost-effectiveness. Therefore, during operation, enhanced monitoring of operation and maintenance is required; the viewing ports should be closed to ensure that the water seal at the bottom of the furnace remains intact. During boiler maintenance, a pressure test should be conducted on the air preheater, and any leaks detected must be repaired promptly. Before starting the boiler, the manholes should be tightly closed. 1.7 Try to avoid excessive or too low loads on the boiler. When the load is too high, the time that fuel stays in the furnace is reduced ； When the load is too low, the furnace temperature drops and the air supply conditions are not optimal; both of these factors affect the complete combustion of the fuel, resulting in increased losses due to incomplete combustion. 1.8 Reducing boiler fly ash: An increase in boiler fly ash leads to higher coal consumption for power generation, which raises production costs and reduces the profitability of enterprises. The fly ash volume in Furnaces #1-#4 of our company was high; after adjustments, it has decreased. The main adjustment measures include: 1.8.1 Using high-quality coal. Changes in coal quality have the most significant impact on fly ash. Generally speaking, coal with a high volatile content and low ash content produces fly ash of smaller size, while the opposite is true. A volatile matter (Vad) level below 25% and an ash content (Aad) level above 15% are detrimental to reducing fly ash. 1.8.2 The volume of air flow also has a significant impact on fly ash, especially at low loads: when the air flow is high, the residence time of coal powder is short, the furnace temperature is low, and the fly ash becomes larger in size. At 50% load, the oxygen level is around 7.5%–8%, and there is an increase in fly ash ； When the air volume is reduced, the fly ash level shows a decrease. 1.8.3 Increase the coal mill outlet temperature. The coal mill outlet temperature has a significant impact on fly ash. On the one hand, the higher the wind temperature, the less cold air enters the furnace, ignition occurs earlier, and the high furnace temperature facilitates ignition ； On the other hand, an increase in the outlet temperature of the coal grinder leads to an increased drying capacity of the grinder; by raising the output of the grinder, fuel consumption is reduced, which in turn lowers the fly ash content ； 1.8.4 The fineness of coal powder has a significant impact. It mainly determines the coal mill ball loading, primary air pressure, and separator efficiency ； Ensure an appropriate fineness of the coal powder; from a combustion perspective, the finer the coal powder, the easier it is to burn completely. 1.8.5 Coordinate the output of coal grinding, ventilation, and drying; the coal grinder must not operate under overload conditions. 1.8.6 Select an appropriate excess air coefficient. An excessively high excess air coefficient not only causes smoke loss but also reduces the temperature in the combustion zone, affecting the combustion efficiency. Too small, resulting in insufficient oxygen and preventing complete combustion. 1.8.7 The furnace should be avoided from operating at low load for extended periods. Operating at low load results in a low furnace temperature and incomplete combustion. 1.8.8 Organize ideal combustion conditions. Proper air distribution, with appropriate primary and secondary air speeds and flow rates. Ensure the burner has good jet characteristics. 1.9 Water Conservation and Energy Reduction 1.9.1 Reducing the consumption of raw water 1) Recovery of wastewater and graywater: Since the quality requirements for water used for washing ash and slag are not very high, wastewater and graywater are recovered and reused for these purposes. Wastewater comes from industrial wastewater, deaerator overflow water, cooling tower overflow water, etc ； Graywater comes from domestic wastewater, water used for flushing coal handling systems, and cooling water from oil storage tanks. The wastewater is sent to the recovery station, where it is pumped back into the ash flushing tank using two wastewater recovery pumps ； The graywater, after undergoing three stages of treatment at the wastewater treatment plant, is pumped back to the ash flushing tank using two recovery pumps. Statistics show that approximately 3,000–4,000 tons of wastewater are recovered per day; therefore, improving the operation and maintenance of the two pumps used for wastewater and graywater recovery, as well as adjusting their operating modes, will **reduce the consumption of raw water per unit of output. 2) Motivate employees and control the water consumption for ash and slag washing. The main reason for high raw water consumption is the large amount of water used for ash and slag washing; previously, this amount was around 700,000 tons per month. Now, on one hand, a system of regular ash and slag removal has been implemented, and on the other hand, labor competitions have been organized to gradually optimize the processes involved in ash and slag washing, resulting in a reduction of about 20% in the water usage for these purposes compared to before. 3) Strengthen the management of water used for greening. Previously, the management of water used for landscaping was inadequate; the submersible pumps used for this purpose operated 24 hours a day, resulting in waste of raw water – sometimes as much as 2,000 tons per day. Now, through proper management of this water, the amount used for landscaping is kept at around 500 tons. 4) Strengthen the chemical monitoring of circulating water, increase the concentration ratio of circulating cooling water, and **reduce the amount of water added to and the amount of wastewater discharged from the circulating water system. 5) Based on the raw water flow meter, strengthen the analysis of raw water balance; if there are leaks in the raw water pipelines, they should be repaired promptly. 6) Increase publicity to raise public awareness of conservation. Domestic water use includes that in factory areas and welfare facilities; domestic water accounts for a significant proportion of the total water volume, with monthly consumption reaching around 180,000 tons. Therefore, extensive publicity should be carried out to raise employees’ awareness of water conservation and reduce water waste. 1.9.2 Reduce waste of working medium: During routine operation and maintenance, strengthen inspections to detect equipment defects promptly and prevent leaks. During routine inspections, valves in various systems are checked for leaks by means of manual inspection, temperature measurement with thermometers, etc., to determine whether there are any leaks in the pipes as well ； Any identified defects should be eliminated. Operate with care and make thorough adjustments to prevent the water tanks from filling up and overflowing, which could lead to waste of the working fluid. Strengthen chemical monitoring to ensure good quality of the steam water, reduce the frequency of regular discharges, lower the opening degree of continuous discharges, and minimize waste of working fluid. 1.10 Saving plant electricity: With all four units of the company operating at full capacity, the plant electricity consumption rate is relatively low, at around 7.0%. However, due to the high output of hydropower and reduced output from thermal power plants, as well as frequent adjustments to meet peak demand, the rate of plant electricity consumption remains high. Therefore, reducing this rate is one of our key tasks at present: 1.10.1 We strive to generate more electricity in order to lower the plant electricity consumption rate. The shift supervisors and the dispatch team work together closely to ensure that all of our power units operate at full capacity continuously. While strictly adhering to the scheduled load curve, every effort is made to operate within a 3% deviation of the overscheduled load curve, thereby ensuring increased power generation while simultaneously reducing the plant’s own power consumption. 1.10.2 Optimizing the operation mode of units based on the daily planned load curve: After the capacity expansion and renovation of our company’s Units #1 and #3, their economic performance is better than that of Units #2 and #4. The load on these units is allocated reasonably in accordance with the daily planned load curve; while ensuring safety and compliance with the scheduled load curves, the units should operate at full or partial load as much as possible. It is prohibited for two units to operate continuously at a load level of around 150MW. If the unit load operates below 130 MW, it is necessary to keep one grinder and one feed water pump in operation. Based on the actual operating conditions of the boiler in our plant’s units, it is possible to shut down one of the supply fans if conditions permit; this can **reduce the plant’s electricity consumption. 1.10.3 Be diligent in analysis and adept at adjustment: Based on the quality of the coal fed into the furnace and the combustion conditions, be diligent in analysis and make timely adjustments. While ensuring normal combustion, the suction and supply air volume can be appropriately reduced, thereby lowering the power consumption of the suction and supply fans. 1.10.4 Optimizing equipment operation methods: 1) Try to put into use equipment with high performance and low power consumption, while keeping equipment with low performance in standby mode as much as possible. A frequency converter was installed on the #3 mechanical condensate pump, **reducing power consumption. Therefore, the Pump A condensate pump should be used as much as possible, with Pump B serving as a backup. 2) Adjust the operating mode of the condenser ball cleaning system. Select rubber balls of appropriate specifications to ensure a high recovery rate of these balls and minimize the operating time of the two circulation pumps. 3) Strengthen operational analysis and adjustments; during shift duty, economic analysis and adjustments for the 6KV converters should be intensified. When two feed water pumps are in operation, the rotational speeds and outlet pressures should be adjusted to be as similar as possible, in order to prevent one pump from suppressing the performance of the other, which could lead to an increase in the current drawn by the feed water pumps despite unchanged load. If the output of the two feedwater pumps is different, try to have the pump with higher output carry more load. 4) When the vacuum level of the condenser is high in winter, minimize the operation mode in which both circulation pumps run simultaneously. During summer, the ambient temperature is high and the vacuum level is low; to maintain the vacuum in the unit, two circulation pumps are usually kept running. However, in practice, running two circulation pumps sometimes does not improve the vacuum level significantly; the vacuum remains almost unchanged, which is not economical. If conditions permit, the load on the unit can be shifted or appropriately reduced; operating with a single circulation pump is actually more economical. As the ambient temperature changes, and while ensuring the proper operation of the main units and auxiliary equipment, the operating mode of the industrial water pumps in Units 1 and 2 is adjusted accordingly; when the ambient temperature is low, the circulating water is used to supply cooling water for the auxiliary equipment. 1.10.5 Improve the quality management of equipment maintenance: It is necessary to enhance the quality management of equipment maintenance, in order to minimize interruptions in the operation of major auxiliary machines such as coal mills, feed water pumps, and circulation pumps due to maintenance issues, as well as the need for tests after such repairs are completed. 1.10.6 Load-reduction power-saving measures: During the process of reducing the unit’s load, it is necessary to adjust the operating conditions promptly, and shut down auxiliary equipment used in the plant in a timely manner while ensuring safety. 1.10.7 Power-saving measures for unit startup and shutdown 1) Before starting the unit, all tasks should be arranged as efficiently as possible, in order to shorten the time interval between filling the boiler with water and lighting it, thereby reducing the operating time of the circulation pump, feed pump, and condensate pump ； 2) During and after the unit is shut down, due to the low average load or even no load at all, the auxiliary systems operate for relatively long periods of time, which inevitably increases the unit’s auxiliary power consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange the operation mode of the auxiliary systems appropriately during the shutdown process, shutting them down promptly once they meet the conditions for shutdown, in order to minimize the operating time of these auxiliary systems. 3) After the unit stops, the cooling water should be promptly diverted to the adjacent unit for supply, and the circulation pump can be shut down immediately once the conditions for shutdown are met. 1.10.8 Reducing the frequency of unit outages to lower the plant electricity consumption rate ； 1.10.9 Technically upgrade high-pressure auxiliary equipment by replacing traditional throttling control with variable-speed control or frequency conversion control. 1.10.10 Strengthen the dispatching of operating equipment, and make reasonable allocations and arrangements for the load operation mode of utility systems: 1) The slag removal and ash flushing systems must strictly adhere to a regular flushing schedule; continuous operation is strictly prohibited. 2) The operation mode of the slag pumps should be reasonably arranged based on the water level in the slag tanks. 3) The make-up water system, provided that direct supply is ensured, only requires the make-up water pump to be tested periodically. 4) The domestic water system should have its operating mode adjusted promptly between 23:00 at night and 6:00 the following day, with one domestic pump kept running in each of the welfare area and the factory area. 5) The raw water pump should preferably operate in a intermittent manner, provided that the chemical water supply is ensured. 6) In addition to the current regular ash and slag discharge systems, periodic supply of domestic water at specific times can be considered to maintain system pressure during operation. 7) Control the plant power consumption by addressing aspects such as on-site lighting, maintenance work, and human-induced losses of high-quality working fluids: it is recommended to use light control systems in areas of the plant that do not need to be lit during the day. 1.10.11 Recommendation #01, #02: Change the operation mode of the high-voltage transformers and 380V 10B, 20B, 50B from idle operation to synchronized standby operation. 2. Conclusion: Energy conservation and consumption reduction are long-term tasks. Creating a \"resource-saving enterprise\" requires the efforts and dedication of all employees. This article focuses on analyzing energy conservation and consumption reduction from the perspective of operational adjustments. There should be a variety of methods for saving energy and reducing consumption, not limited to operational adjustments. As long as we make efforts to explore this area, and as long as every employee is concerned about energy conservation and emission reduction and commits themselves to this work, I believe it will be possible to **reduce power generation costs and achieve significant economic benefits. This will also lay a solid foundation for Jingdian Company to become a \"four-star enterprise,\" allowing it to earn the title of \"energy-saving enterprise\" at an early date. This post was last edited by Mobei Yihai on 2009-3-8 12:20.]