What issues should be considered in the structural design of spherical tanks?

Network resources: Spherical tanks, as pressure vessels for storing gases and liquefied gases, are widely used in the petroleum, chemical, metallurgical industries as well as in people’s daily lives. The structural design of spherical tanks should take the following factors into account: (1) The foundation of the spherical tank should be designed as a ring foundation to effectively control uneven settlement of the foundation. (2) After taking into comprehensive consideration factors such as the steel plant’s capacity to produce plates, the press capabilities of the manufacturing facility, and the lifting capacity of equipment used in assembly and transportation, the design should, in accordance with the \"Basic Parameters for Spherical Storage Tanks,\" employ a design with large segments as much as possible; for medium and large-sized spherical tanks, a segmented design that combines football-shaped and orange-slice-shaped segments is advisable. (3) The spherical shell shall use T-joints; spliced plates are not allowed for the spherical panels, and the struts shall not press on the butt welds. (4) Atmospheric spherical tanks should be designed with integral supports. Low-temperature spherical tanks should be designed with a two-section structural support system, where the upper section accounts for 1/3 of the total length and is made of low-temperature resistant steel, while the lower section is made of ordinary structural steel. Proper alignment measures must be in place at the junction between the upper and lower sections. At the same time, fire and heat insulation measures should be considered for the pillars; each pillar should be equipped with an effective static electricity grounding system, as well as mechanisms to allow for proper exhaust and pressure release in case the gases inside the pillar expand due to a fire. Adjustable tie rods capable of withstanding various additional loads should be installed between the pillars. (5) Manholes should be provided on the upper and lower plates of the spherical tank, and these manholes should preferably be located on the main axis. When the volume of the spherical tank is 1000 cubic meters or less, a standard manhole with a nominal diameter of 500 mm is used; for volumes greater than 1000 cubic meters, a manhole with a nominal diameter of 600 mm is employed. (6) All nozzles of the spherical tank shall be of thick-walled tube design; when the wall thickness of the spherical tank is 30 mm or more, manholes and other openings shall adopt an integrated reinforcement structure for those openings. Additionally, our HaiChuan also has relevant materials available at http://bbs.hcbbs.com/viewthread.php?tid=7258 which you can refer to.