Talk about the makeshift methods in factories

When performing welding work in containers that can hold water, such as reaction kettles or tanks, we usually first boil the water and then fill the container with it. Since the person carrying out the work has already controlled two of the three elements necessary for combustion—fuel and oxidizer—inside the kettle or tank, how can this method be considered \"primitive\"! It can merely be said to be a common method for carrying out safety procedures before starting work with fire! Original poster, you’re so talented – just using the word “rustic” was enough to attract me; I admire that!

As mentioned by the person in charge on the second floor, it is necessary to control the combustible material and the oxidizing agent, which are two of the \"three elements of combustion\", within the furnace or tank. Moreover, before proceeding, there must be someone responsible for preparing a fire safety plan, and another person must supervise the process during construction!

In foreign construction sites, when hot work is to be carried out, a permit must be obtained from the client. The conditions for obtaining such a permit are as follows: 1. A pre-work safety meeting, known as a toolbox talk, must be held; 2. A risk assessment, known as a mini-hira, must be conducted; 3. A dedicated person must inspect the working environment for flammable and explosive materials as well as fire extinguishers; 4. Fire extinguishers must be available in the area where hot work is being performed. 5. When working at elevated heights, the area below must be isolated or covered with a fire blanket to prevent objects from falling and injuring people! This post was last edited by hw197358 on 2009-3-10 21:18.]

The approach used by the original poster is a scientific one; I don’t see what could be wrong with it

We need not discuss whether a method is local or foreign; the most important thing is to talk about some of our own specific practices! For example: regulations require the use of safety belts for work at heights, but in practice, such as when installing or removing scaffolding, how should these safety belts be worn? At the construction sites I’ve seen, people don’t wear safety belts; do they say it’s not possible to wear them?

Of course, seat belts should be worn high and low; in work at heights, both seat belts and safety nets are essential

I was wondering if you have ever been involved in the installation and dismantling of scaffolding – do they wear safety belts and use safety nets?

When external contractors come to the site for work, it is required to sign an agreement. The sample is shown below: Agreement on Environmental, Health, and Safety Requirements to be Complied With by the Contractor 1. Purpose: To specify the environmental, health, and safety requirements that the contractor must adhere to when carrying out the construction projects assigned by XXXXX Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as ‘XX Company’), as well as the responsibilities the contractor must assume. 2. Responsibilities of the project manager at XX Company · The project manager at XX Company is responsible for holding safety meetings prior to construction, informing the contractor’s representatives or employees about the potential hazards associated with the project, providing this agreement, and informing the contractor of the safety requirements related to the construction work. · The project manager of XX Company shall discuss the provisions of this Environment, Health, and Safety Agreement with the contractor’s management, and shall supervise and inspect the contractor to ensure compliance with all regulations in the designated area. · The project manager of XX Company shall conduct on-site safety inspections; whenever it is found that the contractor is failing to meet the environmental, health, and safety requirements stipulated in this agreement and thereby poses safety risks, the contractor must be notified immediately to take corrective actions. In severe cases, the contractor’s contracting activities may be suspended or terminated. 3. Contractor’s responsibilities · When carrying out the contract, the contractor shall consider the safety and health of XX Company’s employees as well as those of its own employees. If any hazard that may affect the safety and health of these employees is identified, it must be reported to XX Company without delay. · The construction contractor must provide Party A with a detailed organization structure and staffing table to facilitate communication between the two parties during the construction process. Key management and technical personnel (such as project managers, technical supervisors, electrical workers, piping workers, HVAC workers, and quality and safety officers) must provide the corresponding professional qualification certificates. · The construction contractor must strictly adhere to the **construction specifications for electrical systems, piping, and HVAC systems, striving to ensure the safety and quality of the project. · Important equipment and materials used in the project installation (such as air conditioners, water pumps, cooling towers, seamless steel pipes, cables, cable trays, power distribution cabinets, and switches, etc.) must be accompanied by inspection reports and certificates of conformity from the supplier; only after obtaining the client’s approval can they be used in the project installation. · The contractor shall control its own methods and approaches of work, and be directly responsible for the behavior of its employees. · After the concealed works are completed, they must be inspected; only upon passing the inspection can the next stage of work proceed. · The construction contractor must provide complete completion documents for the project installation (as-built drawings, project change orders, inspection reports and certificates of conformity for equipment and materials, acceptance reports for concealed works, etc.). · The contractor shall provide its employees with sufficient and necessary training, personal protective equipment, as well as tools and equipment, and ensure that such items enable safety in the course of work. · The contractor should have good work ethics and must not bypass the devices and control systems designed to ensure the safety of the project. · The contractor shall appoint a safety representative to supervise the implementation of environmental, health, and safety regulations at the construction site. When a contractor’s employee is injured or an abnormal situation occurs, the contractor’s safety representative must contact the representative of XX Company. · Construction units performing hazardous tasks such as hot work and working at heights must apply for a hazardous task permit before carrying out such work. · During the construction process, the contractor must be responsible for the safety of Party A’s personnel, equipment, and other infrastructure, and take necessary protective measures. 4. Responsibilities of the Contractor’s Safety Representative · The Contractor’s safety representative shall submit a written or oral progress report to the project manager of XX Company on a weekly basis, including the number of personnel working at the site, as well as any factors at the construction site that may have a positive or negative impact on the environment, health, and safety. · In the event of an accident involving any employee of the contractor, or any personnel or property of XX Company, the contractor’s safety representative shall immediately inform the project manager and the HSE department of XX Company of the situation. A brief accident report shall be submitted within 24 hours, while a detailed report shall be submitted within 72 hours. 5. Environmental health and safety requirements that the contractor must comply with 5.1 Access · Do not enter the construction site without proper authorization. · Passages and emergency exit doors should always remain unobstructed. · Raw materials and construction machinery entering the construction site must be arranged neatly. The storage area for materials must be separated from the work area, and appropriate signage must be in place. The location where these materials are stored must be approved by the project manager of XX Company, and they must not block any corridors or roads. · All construction sites should be cleaned. It should be cleaned thoroughly at the end of each workday and when the construction is completed, with any waste generated removed promptly. · Food and beverages must not be brought into the work areas of production, warehouse, and facility departments. · The pipes and cables must be properly placed to reduce the risk of tripping. · The contractor must remove oil stains and spilled liquids promptly. · If necessary, the work area should be enclosed and warning signs placed in prominent locations to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering. · When no work is being carried out, all excavated areas must be covered with materials capable of withstanding all pressures, and it must be clearly indicated that, in addition to this, standard protective railings and toeboards must be installed. 5.2 Smoking · Smoking is not allowed in the XX Company building or in the restrooms. Smoking is only allowed in the smoking area designated by the company (next to the restaurant). 5.3 Chemical substances: Public items stored within XX Company must be labeled with their names and hazard characteristics. The Material Safety Data Sheet/Chemical Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and a list of chemicals must be provided to the project manager at XX Company before the chemicals are delivered to that company; this requirement does not apply to chemicals used for household purposes. A large quantity of chemicals is not allowed to be stored at XX Company; only a small amount sufficient for use in the construction work on that day may be kept there. At the same time, flammable materials should be stored properly; when not in use, it is necessary to ensure that they are covered with container lids. · The contractor must store hazardous materials, oils, chemicals, wastewater, and other pollutants in locations designated by the project supervisor to prevent them from leaking into the environment. The aforementioned substances must not be placed near sewers, manholes, or collection tanks, in order to prevent accidental discharge into surface waters (artificial or natural rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.), which could cause pollution. · It is strictly prohibited to dump chemicals, used engine oil, waste paint, and the like into the soil or sewers. 5.4 Electrical Safety · The construction party must pay attention to electrical safety and must apply to the client in advance by filling out the «Temporary Electricity Use Application Form» before using electricity. The construction party must provide its own power distribution boxes; the client only supplies the main power source for these boxes. All electrical power used in construction must be drawn from these distribution boxes, and it is strictly prohibited for the construction party to make unauthorized connections. · To avoid safety hazards related to electrical appliances, it is necessary to check whether the wires that could cause disasters are loose, whether there are any improper connections between devices, damaged or faulty plugs, as well as issues with grounding, or loose or damaged switches. · All electrical equipment used in the work must be grounded. On construction sites, leakage protectors must be used in accordance with relevant regulatory requirements. A residual current device must be installed on the sockets of temporary equipment (not the fixed wiring of the building itself). · Never store liquid chemicals near electrical equipment; liquids that spill on such equipment can cause fires or electrical hazards. 5.5 Fire Safety · The contractor shall be familiar with the emergency evacuation routes located in the building or at the construction site. · The contractor shall not shut down the main fire protection systems, such as the sprinkler system, deluge system, or fire alarm system, without authorization. If necessary, contact the project manager at XX Company. · Once a fire is detected, immediately press the alarm button closest to you to alert others, and use a fire extinguisher to put out the fire only if it does not put your own safety at risk. · If it is determined that the fire cannot be controlled, one should immediately leave the work area, evacuate through the nearest emergency exit, and report to the designated assembly area. 5.6 Equipment and Operational Safety · If required by the work, the contractor shall provide its employees with appropriate personal protective equipment. This should include safety helmets, safety glasses, face shields, earplugs (in areas with noise levels above 85 decibels, such as cleaning areas), gas masks, gloves and safety shoes, as well as fall protection equipment (if working at heights). · It is not allowed to borrow any tools from the company. If the contractor actually uses any tools owned or rented by XX Company, the contractor acknowledges that it considers the tools to be in good condition. The contractor shall bear the risk of loss and damage caused by these tools. The contractor agrees not to take these tools from XX Company’s site; they may only use them for the relevant work, and must return them to the company upon completion of use or at XX Company’s request. Except for normal wear and tear, the contractor shall return the tools in good condition. · Machines used in construction should be equipped with guards or safety devices, and such machines may only be used when the protective devices are in place and functional. · If a **issued construction license or permit is required, a copy of it must be displayed at the construction site. · If the contractor is carrying out hot work, or activities that generate sparks or heat (such as using welding equipment, or devices for flame cutting or those that produce sparks), safety measures must be taken to prevent accidents. Before carrying out hot work, the project manager of XX Company should be notified one day in advance regarding the location and time of the work; operations can only proceed upon obtaining permission for hot work. · Ladders used within Bosch must have non-slip feet and be free of any damage, and ladder inspections must be carried out properly. If the rungs of the ladder are broken, or if the number of rungs decreases, or there are structural defects, it should be considered damaged. · Do not stand on the top of the ladder; use stairs of appropriate height. Seek help promptly when in doubt. · For work at heights (above 2 meters), protective measures that meet regulatory requirements, such as safety belts, must be used. Elevating equipment (platforms/scaffolding, etc.) must meet the requirements of relevant regulations and standards. · Contractor personnel should pay attention to safety signs such as speed limits within the plant. Be aware of the dangers posed by forklifts and crane/electric hoists in the factory. In high-noise areas, hearing protection devices such as earplugs must be used. · It is prohibited to enter areas of XX Company that are not related to its business without the permission of the project manager at XX Company. 5.7 Vehicle Safety · Vehicle drivers should regularly attend driver training organized by **, local, or industry regulatory authorities, and obtain the corresponding certificates to drive vehicles specified in their licenses. · Before setting out, the driver should conduct a safety check of the vehicle to ensure it is in good condition before driving. In particular, drivers of vehicles transporting hazardous materials should conduct thorough inspections of the vehicle’s grounding and explosion-proof features before entering the factory premises, to ensure there are no safety hazards. · Drivers must strictly abide by traffic safety rules while driving, avoiding illegal driving, driving under the influence of alcohol, and driving while fatigued. · When all vehicles enter the factory, the speed limit is 5 km/h; once inside the premises, the speed should be kept at 20 km/h or less. · When moving within the factory premises, vehicles must always give way to pedestrians under any circumstances. Upon encountering pedestrians or other vehicles, they should slow down or stop to yield; overtaking or parking in violation of rules is not allowed ； Any injuries or other accidents that occur within the premises of XX Company as a result of the contractor’s own improper operations are the sole responsibility of the contractor. 5.8 Security Management of Personnel and Property · Contractor employees must obtain a work permit to enter XX Company, and may enter only after receiving approval. · Contractor personnel must be neatly dressed. · When entering XX Company, the contractor should proactively ask the security guard to check the items or tools they are carrying, register them at the security desk, and only proceed inside the company with the security guard’s permission. All items must be kept properly by the individual; XX Company shall not be held responsible in case of loss. · All items taken out of XX Company must have an exit permit and be inspected by the relevant personnel. 5.9 Asbestos · If handling building materials containing asbestos during movement, packaging, maintenance, cleaning, transportation, and disposal, the project manager and HSE personnel must be notified immediately. (This type of work must not be performed by employees.) 5.10 In the event of an accident · When an accident occurs or someone is injured, all work must be stopped immediately. In addition to taking care of the injured person, help should be sought right away. · First aid treatment should be provided even in cases of minor injuries. · In the event of any accidents or injuries, report them immediately to the project manager at XX Company. · An investigation into the accident that resulted in lost workdays should be conducted, and this investigation report should be submitted to the project manager of XX Company and the HSE department. 5.11 Waste · All waste generated during the contractor’s work, including empty containers, must be removed by the contractor on a daily basis. When handling waste, contractors must comply with **and local environmental protection laws and regulations**. It is prohibited to burn garbage and waste in the open air. If the waste to be disposed of contains hazardous or polluting substances, the project manager of XX Company and the HSE department must be notified first. It is prohibited to pour sludge, sand, concrete, garbage, or other solid materials into municipal sewage pipes or sewers. 5.12 When this agreement is included as an attachment to contractual documents such as purchase orders or contractor contracts, it becomes part of the contract terms, even though other environmental health and safety requirements may already be specified in the contract. The contractor must also comply with the necessary safety regulations and relevant legal requirements for such work. 5.13 Other: 5.14 Liability for breach of contract: In the event that the contractor or its subcontractors fail to meet safety and environmental requirements, are negligent, or seriously violate the provisions of this agreement, XX Company has the right to unilaterally terminate the contract for contracting services, and the contractor shall bear all resulting economic losses. If the contracting company causes losses to the personnel or property of XX Company as a result of violating the safety regulations, it shall be responsible for compensating for all such losses, including but not limited to indirect losses and compensation for mental distress, as well as any related legal liabilities. 6. Agreement/Construction/Contract Number: Contractor Company: Construction Period: Scope of Work: Contractor’s Safety Representative (Name): Title: ID Number: Project Manager of XX Company (Name): I am fully aware of and willing to comply with the environmental, health, and safety requirements that the contractor must adhere to, as listed below: 3. Contractor’s Responsibilities 4. Contractor’s Safety Representative’s Responsibilities 5. Environmental, Health, and Safety Requirements to be Followed by the Contractor 5.1 Corridors and Passages 5.2 Smoking 5.3 Chemicals 5.4 Electrical Safety 5.5 Fire Safety 5.6 Safety in Equipment and Operations 5.7 Vehicle Safety 5.8 Safety Management of Personnel and Property 5.9 Asbestos 5.10 In the Event of an Accident 5.11 Waste I understand all the matters related to communication with me, and I am willing to abide by them. Signatory: Witness: ———————————— —————————————— Contractor’s signature and date Seal Signature and date of the project manager at XX Company Contractor’s HSE training record: Instructor: Training time: Signature of the trainee: (Must be signed in person; proxy signing is strictly prohibited)

None of those upstairs mentioned folk methods； Ad hoc methods are actually irregular approaches used when standard treatment is not possible, but they are very effective and useful, relying on experience as a basis. Let me give one example: when cutting pipelines that are under pressure or contain liquid (some of which indeed cannot be cleaned completely, such as dead ends), gas welders usually make a small cut at a 45° angle below the pipeline; only after confirming that there is no pressure or liquid present do they proceed with the cutting. If there is concern that combustible gases may be present in the pipeline and have not been removed, fill it with water to expel the gases. When cutting pipelines containing flammable gases, it is advisable to make an initial cut near an open end first; if flammable gases are present, a flash explosion could occur. The pressure will then be released through that open end, thereby reducing the risk of a flash explosion

1. Before starting welding, the welder usually tests the welding gun by moving it over the area where welding will take place to determine whether there are any hazards； 2. There are flammable and explosive pipelines; when working on these pipelines, yellow clay is sometimes used to block them, and it provides a good seal.

Before carrying out hot work, a hot work permit must be obtained, followed by a job hazard analysis to ensure that the workers are aware of the potential hazards involved in the task. On-site training for guardians and fire extinguishers. There must be fire extinguishers on site!

I’ll mention an “advanced” method. Once, there was still some concentrated sulfuric acid at the bottom of the acid tank in my workshop, and there were leaks in the upper part of the tank, which required welding work. Nitrogen was obtained and introduced into the tank; after displacing the air, work was carried out outside the tank, thereby preventing hydrogen explosions.

After replacement, it must be inspected and found to be qualified before welding is permitted.

Let’s not deviate from the topic: it’s sufficient to introduce the common methods used in construction. For example, when installing roof panels on a house that is about 5M in size, it can be difficult to remember to use a safety belt; but in the case of building homes privately, people don’t use safety belts at all, and no accidents have occurred as a result； In terms of construction work, having standard management practices is certainly good, but sometimes it is necessary to take into account the actual circumstances in order to complete the work to both quality and quantity standards. Traditional methods used in production: When pumping to create a vacuum, flushing the pump with cold water can lower the temperature of the pump and its contents, reduce internal heat and evaporation, thereby effectively controlling the vacuum level.

Whether it’s traditional or not, as long as it’s practical, that’s what matters. In fact, many traditional methods are quite useful; back in the day, it wasn’t guns made of earth that were used for fighting

I’d like to introduce a makeshift method for working on hydrogen systems when welding is required. When it’s necessary to work on hydrogen systems, methods such as gas displacement and the use of blind flanges are employed. However, it can be difficult to determine whether these blind flanges are airtight and leak-free. Especially, when hydrogen catches fire, it’s impossible to see anything during the day. If the blind flange isn’t secure, accidents can easily occur when removing it. A piece of paper can be used to check for potential leaks or fires near the blind flange; if the paper burns or starts to smoke, that indicates a leak.

Even the most unconventional methods have a scientific basis; take the example of the ‘beggar’s chicken’ – wrapping it in earth and then cooking it over charcoal fire – that’s what counts as unconventional! But it tastes great! In actual production, there are many makeshift methods; as long as they are practical and effective, we should adopt them.

How can one distinguish between makeshift methods and scientific approaches? I believe that a method that ensures effectiveness is a scientific one; those that rely on guesswork, imagination, or failure to follow established procedures are makeshift methods. Such methods should not be used, and in fact should be eliminated. The method suggested by LZ is scientific, and this is especially true in chemical plants!