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Types of refractory materials: 1. Acidic refractory materials generally refer to those with a SiO2 content of over 93%. Their main characteristic is their ability to resist erosion by acidic slags at high temperatures, but they tend to react with alkaline slags. 2. Alkaline refractory materials generally refer to refractory materials whose main components are magnesium oxide or a combination of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. These types of refractory materials have high fire resistance and strong capacity to resist alkaline slag. 3. Aluminum silicate refractory materials refer to refractory materials whose main components are SiO2 and Al2O3. Based on their Al2O3 content, they can be classified into three categories: semi-siliceous (Al2O3 15–30%), clay-based (Al2O3 30–48%), and high-alumina (Al2O3 greater than 48%). 4. Cast refractory materials refer to refractory products of a certain shape, which are produced by melting the mixture at high temperatures using specific methods and then pouring it. 5. Neutral refractory materials refer to refractory materials that do not readily react significantly with acidic or alkaline slags at high temperatures, such as carbon-based refractory materials and chromium-based refractory materials. Some also classify high-alumina refractory materials in this category. 6. Special refractory materials are new types of inorganic non-metallic materials that have been developed on the basis of traditional ceramics and conventional refractory materials. 7. Amorphous refractory materials are mixtures composed of refractory aggregates and powders, binders, or additional admixtures in certain proportions; they can be used directly or after being mixed with an appropriate liquid. Amorphous refractory materials are a new type of refractory material that does not require calcination, with a fire resistance rating of at least 1580 °C. With China’s accession to the WTO, domestic refractory materials and products are faced with competition from foreign products that are longer-lasting, more energy-efficient, and equipped with advanced functions, resulting in increasingly fierce market competition. In this regard, experts have pointed out that China’s refractory materials industry should accelerate its optimization and adjustment, pursue strategic alliances among strong players, phase out outdated production lines, enhance research and development as well as production activities, and adjust its product portfolio in order to meet the needs of the steel industry’s development both domestically and internationally as soon as possible.