70 Questions on Chemical Knowledge in Daily Life
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70 Questions on Chemical Knowledge in Daily Life 1. During the SARS outbreak, the main component of the commonly used \"84\" disinfectant was -------------------------- ( ) A. NaCl B. NaClO C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Phenol 2. The substance used to make plaster casts in medical treatment for fractures is ------------------------------------- ( ) A. CaCO3 B. CaO C. 2CaSO4•H2O D. CaSO4•2H2O 3. In case of accidental ingestion of barium salts, one of the first aid methods is to wash the stomach with a dilute solution of ( ). A. NaCl B. Na2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. Na2SO4 4. The substance that causes coarse salt to deliquesce is --------------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. KCl B. MgCl2 C. AlCl3 D. Na2SO4 5. Which of the following substances can be used as a food preservative?---------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. Formaldehyde B. Boric acid C. Sodium benzoate D. Acetic acid 6. Baking soda is needed in food factories when making pastries-----------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. Soda B. Baking soda C. Baking powder D. Mirabilite 7. The main component of monosodium glutamate, a commonly used seasoning in kitchens, is known by its chemical name as ---------------------------（ ） A. Alanine B. Sodium alaninate C. Lysine D. Glutamic acid 8. Goiter is likely to occur in humans due to a lack of （ ） element in the body. A. Na B. F C. I D. Fe 9. The oral medication used in medicine for X-ray examination of the stomach and intestines, commonly known as “barium meal,” has the chemical name --------（ ） A. BaSO4 B. CaSO4 C. Na2SO4 D. BaCl2 10. The material used to make the core of a regular pencil is ------------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. Lead B. A mixture of lead powder and graphite powder C. Graphite powder D. A mixture of graphite powder and clay powder 11. Iodine tincture and mercuric red should not be used together, as they react to form a toxic substance-----------------------------（ ） A. I2 B. AgI C. HgI2 D. HI 12. Among the following foods, which one is most prone to mold growth and the production of aflatoxins?---------------------------------------------（ ） A. Apples B. Potatoes C. Peanuts D. Pork 13. Comparing these four foods, which one contains the highest amount of calories?------------------------------------（ ） A. Ice fruit juice B. Ice plum soup C. Ice cream D. Ice milk 14. The fuel commonly used in the torches at modern sports events is---------------------------------（ ） A. Gasoline B. Diesel C. Butane and kerosene D. Heavy oil and alcohol 15. The substance that can be used as a fluorescent material in televisions is----------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. BaS B. CuS C. ZnS D. CaS 16. Before burying wooden stakes, the surface part that will be buried is slightly burned with fire; this is because carbon, at room temperature,-----------（ ） A. Has adsorption properties B. Has oxidizing properties C. Has reducing properties D. Has inactive chemical properties 17. Among the following air pollutants, which one can bind to human hemoglobin and cause poisoning?----------------------（ ） A. SO2 B. CO2 C. NO D. CO 18. Newspapers cannot be used for packaging food, not only because they may contain bacteria but also because they contain the element （ ）. A. Sodium B. Tin C. Lead D. Aluminum 19. Which of the following elements, when it contaminates the atmosphere or drinking water, can cause tooth osteoporosis in humans? A. Iodine B. Sulfur C. Mercury D. Fluorine 20. The main cause of global warming and the greenhouse effect is-------------------------------------------（ ） A. CO2 B. SO2 C. NO2 D. CH4 21. The pH value of gastric juice in a healthy person’s body is--------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. Less than 7 B. Greater than 7 C. Equal to 7 D. It may be greater than 7 or less than 7 22. In household refrigerators, what can be used as an odor remover is-----------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. Activated carbon B. Lime water C. Alcohol D. Salt 23. The main reason smoking causes cancer is that tobacco contains-------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. Aflatoxin B. CO and NOx C. Nicotine and polychlorinated biphenyls D. Nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene 24. The main source of air pollution in modern homes is the （） gases released by synthetic fiber carpets, decorative materials, painted furniture, etc. A. CH4 B. CO C. CO2 D. HCHO 25. Gold jewelry is often denoted by a number indicating its gold content; the gold content in 18K gold jewelry is ------------------------------（ ） A. 55% B. 65% C. 75% D. 85% 26. Leaded gasoline is no longer used in China, and the main purpose of this is -----------------------------------------------（ ） A. To reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides B. To increase the combustion value of gasoline C. To eliminate the pollution caused by lead in vehicle exhausts D. To improve the resistance of gasoline to shock 27. The so-called “white pollution” refers to ---------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A. White dust B. White construction waste C. Household waste D. Plastic waste 28. The basic standards for green food include the following statements: ① Sweet and delicious ； ②Pollution-free ； ③Green in color ； ④No chemical additives ； ⑤It is nutritious. Those that meet the requirements for green food are ---------------------------------（ ） A．①②③⑤ B.②④⑤ C．①③④⑤ D. All 29. Phosphorus-containing detergents mainly contain sodium tripolyphosphate; the reason for banning their use is --------（ ） A．It causes white pollution B．It leads to an overgrowth of aquatic plants, deteriorating water quality C．It forms deposits in water that block sewage pipes D．It is expensive, resulting in high usage costs 30. In the atmosphere, the main function of ozone is ------------------------------------------（ ） A．Absorbing CO2 B．Replenishing O2 C．Absorbing infrared rays D．Absorbing ultraviolet rays 31. The “mercury” in mercury thermometers is ---------------------------------------------（ ） A．Water B．Silver C．Mercury D．Kerosene 32. The main component of vinegar is---------------------------------------------------（ ） A．Ethanol B．Acetaldehyde C．Ethyl acetate D．Acetic acid 33. A material commonly used for food packaging is---------------------------------------------（ ） A．Polyvinyl chloride B．Polystyrene C．Phenol-formaldehyde resin D．Polyethylene 34. The concentration of medical saline is-----------------------------------------------（ ） A．0.9% B．3%-5% C．35%--40% D．75% 35. The symbol shown in the diagram is-------------------------------------------------------（ ） A．Explosives B．Flammable substances C．Fragile items D．Toxic substances 36. Plant ash is an important type of organic fertilizer; it mainly contains-------------------------------------------------（ ） A．KCl B．K2SO4 C．KNO3 D．K2CO3 37. A reagent commonly used as a photosensitive material is--------------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A．Silver fluoride B．Silver chloride C．Silver bromide D．Silver iodide 38. A substance commonly used for artificial rainfall is--------------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A．AgI B．AgBr C．AgCl D．Dry ice 39. During thunderstorms, it is possible to increase the amount of -------------------------------------------------------------------- in the soil A．Phosphatic fertilizers B．Organic fertilizers C．Potassic fertilizers D．Nitrogenous fertilizers 40. Pesticide solutions are made from which of the following combinations of substances--------------------------------------------------（ ）A．Lime, sulfur B．Lime, copper chloride C．Sulfur, copper chloride D．Lime, copper sulfate 41. The concentration of medical alcohol is-----------------------------------------------------------------------（ ）A．25% B．50% C．75% D．95% 42. The color-changing substance in photochromic glasses is-----------------------------------------------------------------------（ ）A．Silver nitrate B．Silver halides C．Mercury D．Silver powder 43. The substance used in glass carving is-------------------------------------------------------------------（ ）A．NaOH B．HF C．Concentrated HNO3 D．SiF4 44. A method to determine whether a fabric is silk or synthetic fiber is--------------------------------------------（ ）A．Adding concentrated nitric acid B．Adding concentrated sulfuric acid C．Adding alcohol D．Burning it and smelling the odor 45. Aluminum products should not be used to store acidic or alkaline foods for long periods because their surface layer consists of--------------------------（ ）A．Metallic aluminum B．Basic oxides C．Acidic oxides D．Amphoteric oxides 46. The discharge of agricultural fertilizers and urban waste can increase the nitrogen content in groundwater; the main harmful nitrogen pollutants for humans are------（ ）A．NO2- B．NO3- C．NH4+ D．Organic nitrogen 47. Industrial alcohol should not be consumed because it contains substances that can cause poisoning-------------------------------------（ ）A．Methanol B．Glycerol C．Acetic acid D．Ethyl acetate 48. Which of the following substances is commonly used to protect food from being damaged by microorganisms----------------------------（ ）A．Alcohol B．Salt C．Acetic acid D．Potassium nitrate 49. In medicine, a substance used as an astringent to cause tissue contraction and reduce glandular secretion is-------------------（ ）A．Alum B．Bleaching alum C．Blue vitriol D．Green vitriol 50. The following statement is incorrect----------------------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A．Oils such as lard and peanut oil belong to esters B．Camphor is used to seal bottle openings C．The main component of soap is sodium salts of higher fatty acids D．The component of gunpowder is actually cellulose 51. When the skin is cut by a blade or similar object, applying a 50%–60% aqueous solution of a （iron salt） to the wound can stop bleeding. 52. When bitten by insects, applying ammonia can relieve pain, which takes advantage of ammonia’s ( ) property. 53. The amount of water that the human body should consume daily from food is ( ) to ( ). 54. Acid rain is mainly formed by ( ) released into the air and combined with rainwater. 55. Those still used as refrigerants in refrigerators can, if they reach the stratosphere, destroy ( ). 56. The glass used for car or train windows is （ ） glass. 57. Colorful firework displays bring joy to people; red is caused by ( ) salt, green by ( ) salt, and yellow by ( ) salt. 58. The three types of waste in industrial production are ( ), ( ), and ( ); arbitrary discharges from urban life, as well as the improper use of ( ) and ( ) in agricultural production, can all cause water bodies to become polluted. 59. The phenomenon in which certain tiny phytoplankton, protozoa, or bacteria in water bodies multiply or aggregate suddenly under certain environmental conditions, causing the water in a certain area to change color over a period of time, is called ( ). 60. Ordinary calcium phosphate and heavy calcium phosphate are commonly used phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural production; their chemical formulas are as follows for ordinary calcium phosphate ( ) ； Calcium carbonate ( ). 61. What is commonly used for impregnating biological specimens? 62. Red phosphorus is mainly used in the production of safety matches; the substance coated on the side of the match box is ( ), and the substance on the head of the match is ( ). 63. Liquefied petroleum gas can be obtained through the cracking of heavy oil, and its main component is ( ). 64. Corundum is commonly used in the manufacture of watch bearings, grinding wheels, and for grinding purposes. What is the chemical composition of corundum? 65. The main component of scale is ( ), and the chemical reaction that leads to the formation of scale is ( ). 66. The main component of Portland cement is ( ), and it is often added to the cement in order to regulate the rate of its hardening. 67. Nitrogen is commonly used as a shielding gas when welding metals, taking advantage of nitrogen’s ( ) property. When using nitrogen to protect agricultural products such as grains and fruits, its ( ) property is utilized. 68. A dark red substance is often applied to the glass stem of new light bulbs in order to remove any residual oxygen inside the bulb; what is this substance? 69. The three types of fuels that are extracted directly from underground, namely gas, liquid, and solid, are ( ), ( ), and ( ). 70. The door frames of modern buildings are often made of hard aluminum, and the composition of hard aluminum is ( ). This post was last edited by zhangyong6404 on 2009-3-12 10:25.]
1. During the SARS period, the main component of the commonly used \"84\" disinfectant was -------------------------- (B) A. NaCl B. NaClO C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Phenol. 4. The substance that causes coarse salt to deliquesce is -------------------------------------------------------------------- (B) A. KCl B. MgCl2 C. AlCl3 D. Na2SO4. 8. Goiter is likely to occur in humans due to a lack of element (C) in the body. A. Na B. F C. I D. Fe 9. The oral medication used in medicine for X-ray examination of the stomach and intestines, commonly known as “barium meal,” has the chemical name -------- (A) A. BaSO4 B. CaSO4 C. Na2SO4 D. BaCl2 10. The material used to make the core of a regular pencil is ------------------------------------------------------------------ (B) A. lead B. a mixture of lead powder and graphite powder C. graphite powder D. a mixture of graphite powder and clay powder 11. Iodine tincture and mercuric red should not be used together, as they react to form a toxic substance ----------------------------- (C) A. I2 B. AgI C. HgI2 D. HI 13. Among these four foods, the one with the highest calorie content is likely to be ------------------------------------ (C) A. fruit juice B. sour plum soup C. ice cream D. milk ice cream 16. Before burying a wooden stake, the surface part that will be buried in the ground is slightly burned with fire; this is because carbon, at room temperature, ----------- (C) A. has adsorption properties B. has oxidizing properties C. has reducing properties D. has inactive chemical properties 17. Among the following air pollutants, the one that can bind to human hemoglobin and cause poisoning is ---------------------- (D) A. SO2 B. CO2 C. NO D. CO 18. Newspapers cannot be used for packaging food, not only because they may contain bacteria but also because they contain the element (C). A. Sodium B. Tin C. Lead D. Aluminum 19. When elements such as (D) contaminate the atmosphere or drinking water, it can cause tooth osteoporosis in humans. A. Iodine B. Sulfur C. Mercury D. Fluorine 20. The main cause of global warming and the greenhouse effect is-------------------------------------------（A） A. CO2 B. SO2 C. NO2 D. CH4 21. The pH value of gastric juice in a healthy person’s body is--------------------------------------------------------------（A） A. Less than 7 B. Greater than 7 C. Equal to 7 D. It may be greater than 7 or less than 7 24. The main source of air pollution in modern homes is the （D） gases released by synthetic fiber carpets, decorative materials, painted furniture, etc. A. CH4 B. CO C. CO2 D. HCHO 26. China no longer uses leaded gasoline, and the main purpose of this is-----------------------------------------------（C） A. To reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides B. To increase the combustion value of gasoline C. To eliminate the pollution caused by lead in vehicle exhausts D. To improve the resistance of gasoline to shocks 27. The so-called “white pollution” refers to---------------------------------------------------------------（D） A. White dust B. White construction waste C. Domestic waste D. Plastic waste 28. The basic standards for green food are as follows: ① Sweet and tasty ； ②Pollution-free ； ③Green in color ； ④No chemical additives ； ⑤It is nutritious. Those that meet the requirements for green food are ---------------------------------（B） A．①②③⑤ B.②④⑤ C.①③④⑤ D. All 30. In the atmosphere, the main function of ozone is ------------------------------------------（D） A．Absorbing CO2 B．Replenishing O2 C．Absorbing infrared rays D．Absorbing ultraviolet rays 31. The “mercury” in mercury thermometers is ---------------------------------------------（C） A．Water B．Silver C．Mercury D．Kerosene 32. The main component of vinegar is---------------------------------------------------（D） A．Ethanol B．Acetaldehyde C．Ethyl acetate D．Acetic acid 33. A material commonly used for food packaging is---------------------------------------------（D） A．Polyvinyl chloride B．Polystyrene C．Phenol-formaldehyde resin D．Polyethylene 34. The concentration of medical saline is-----------------------------------------------（A） A．0.9% B．3%-5% C．35%--40% D．76% 36. Plant ash is an important type of farm fertilizer; it mainly contains-------------------------------------------------（C） A．KCl B．K2SO4 C．KNO3 D．K2CO3 37. A reagent commonly used as a photosensitive material is--------------------------------------------------------------------（D） A．Silver fluoride B．Silver chloride C．Silver bromide D．Silver iodide 38. A substance commonly used for artificial rainfall is--------------------------------------------------------------------（B） A．AgI B．AgBr C．AgCl D．Dry ice 39. During thunderstorms, it is possible to increase the amount of -------------------------------------------------------------------- in the soil D．Nitrogen fertilizer 43. The substance used in glass carving is-------------------------------------------------------------------（D） A．NaOH B．HF C．Concentrated HNO3 D．SiF4 45. Aluminum products should not be used to store acidic or alkaline foods for long periods because their surface layer is--------------------------（D） A．Metallic aluminum B．Alkaline oxide C．Acidic oxide D．Amphoteric oxide 47. Industrial alcohol should not be consumed because it contains substances that can cause poisoning-------------------------------------（A） A．Methanol B．Glycerol C．Acetic acid D．Ethyl acetate 54. Acid rain is primarily formed by sulfur dioxide released into the air, which combines with rainwater. 58. The arbitrary discharge of the three types of waste generated in industrial production—waste residues, wastewater, and exhaust gases—as well as sewage from urban areas, along with the improper use of fertilizers in agricultural production, can all lead to water pollution. 61. Formalin is commonly used for preserving biological specimens. 64. Corundum is commonly used in the manufacture of watch bearings, grinding wheels, and for grinding purposes; its chemical composition is carbon. 69. The three types of fuels that are extracted directly from the ground, namely gas, liquid, and solid, are natural gas, oil, and coal respectively. That’s all for now; the rest is a bit unclear. I can’t guarantee answers for those parts, so if there are no responses, that’s because of that. The answers to the questions above may be incorrect – please feel free to point them out! Thank you! This post was last edited by zhangyong6404 on 2009-3-11 23:55.]
Reference answer: 1. B； 2.C ； 3.D ； 4.B ； 5.C ； 6.C ； 7.D ； 8.C ； 9.A ； 10.D ； 11.C ； 12.C ； 13.C ； 14.C ； 15.C ； 16.D ； 17.CD ； 18.C ； 19.D ； 20.A ； 21.A ； 22.A ； 23.D ； 24.D ； 25.C ； 26.C ； 27.D ； 28.B ； 29.B ； 30.D ； 31.C ； 32.D ； 33.D ； 34.A ； 35.D ； 36.D ； 37.C ； 38.AD ； 39.D ； 40.D ； 41.C ； 42.B ； 43.B ； 44.AD ； 45.D ； 46.A ； 47.A ； 48.B ； 49.B ； 50.D ； 51.FeCl3 ； 52. Weak base ； 53.2000, 2500 ； 54. Oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen ； 55. Freon, ozone layer ； 56. Tempering ； 57. Strontium, copper, sodium ； 58. Waste gas, wastewater, waste residues, sewage, pesticides, fertilizers ； 59. Red tide ； 60.CaSO4, Ca(H2PO4)2 and Ca(H2PO4)2 ； 61. Formalin ； 62. Mixtures of red phosphorus and antimony trisulfide, oxidizers (potassium chlorate, manganese dioxide), flammable substances (sulfur, etc.) ； 63. Ethylene, Propylene ； 64.Al2O3 ； 65.CaCO3, Mg(OH)2, slight ； 66.3CaO•SiO2, 2CaO•SiO2, 3CaO•Al2O3, gypsum ； 67. It has inert chemical properties; nitrogen cannot support respiration ； 68. Red phosphorus ； 69. Natural gas, oil, coal ； 70. Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Si-alloy.
It’s a great topic; it’s a shame I don’t have time to work on it right now. Go ahead and do it; it’s also good to learn more about common knowledge related to daily life. But this is just like solving a puzzle too; once an expert figures it out, those who follow can simply copy the solution.
The answer to question 38 should be d, dry ice. Besides, how expensive is silver bromide?
40. Pesticide *** solution is made from which of the following groups of substances? -------------------------------------------------- ( ) What is ***?
Learn a bit – there’s quite a lot of interesting chemical knowledge in everyday life. Thank you!
1. During the SARS period, the main component of the commonly used “84” disinfectant was -------------------------- (B) A. NaCl B. NaClO C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Phenol. 2. The substance used to make plaster bandages in medical treatment for fractures is ------------------------------------- (C) A. CaCO3 B. CaO C. 2CaSO4•H2O D. CaSO4•2H2O. 3. In the event of accidental ingestion of barium salts, one of the first aid methods is to wash the stomach with a dilute solution of ( ). B A. NaCl B. Na2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. Na2SO4 4. The substance that causes crude salt to deliquesce is --------------------------------------------------------------------（B） A. KCl B. MgCl2 C. AlCl3 D. Na2SO4 5. Which of the following substances can be used as a food preservative?---------------------------------------------------------（C） A. Formaldehyde B. Boric acid C. Sodium benzoate D. Acetic acid 6. When making pastries, food factories need to use -----------------------------------------------------------------（C） A. Soda B. Baking soda C. Baking powder D. Mirabilite 7. Monosodium glutamate, a commonly used seasoning in kitchens, has as its main component the chemical name ---------------------------（D） A. Alanine B. Sodium alaninate C. Lysine D. Glutamic acid 8. Goiter is a condition that easily occurs in humans due to a lack of (C) element in the body. A. Na B. F C. I D. Fe 9. The oral medication used in medicine for X-ray imaging of the stomach and intestines, commonly known as “barium meal,” has the chemical name -------- (A) A. BaSO4 B. CaSO4 C. Na2SO4 D. BaCl2 10. The material used to make the core of a regular pencil is ------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) A. Lead B. A mixture of lead powder and graphite powder C. Graphite powder D. A mixture of graphite powder and clay powder 11. Iodine tincture and mercuric red should not be used together, as they react to form a toxic substance ----------------------------- (B) A. I2 B. AgI C. HgI2 D. HI 12. Among the following foods, which one is most prone to mold growth and the production of aflatoxins? --------------------------------------------- (B) A. Apples B. Potatoes C. Peanuts D. Pork 13. Comparing these four foods, which one contains the highest amount of calories? ------------------------------------ (C) A. Fruit juice B. Sour plum soup C. Ice cream D. Ice milk 14. The fuel commonly used in the torches at modern sports events is --------------------------------- (C) A. Gasoline B. Diesel C. Butane and kerosene D. Heavy oil and alcohol 15. The substance that can be used as a fluorescent material in televisions is ---------------------------------------------------------- ( ) A. BaS B. CuS C. ZnS D. CaS 16. Before planting wooden stakes, the surface part that will be buried underground is slightly burned with fire, because carbon, at room temperature, ----------- (D) A. Has adsorption properties B. Has oxidizing properties C. Has reducing properties D. Has inactive chemical properties 17. Among the following air pollutants, which one can bind to human hemoglobin and cause poisoning? ---------------------- (D) A. SO2 B. CO2 C. NO D. CO 18. Newspapers cannot be used to package food; aside from possibly containing bacteria, they also contain the element (C). A. Sodium B. Tin C. Lead D. Aluminum 19. Among the following elements, (D) can cause tooth osteoporosis when it contaminates the atmosphere or drinking water. A. Iodine B. Sulfur C. Mercury D. Fluorine 20. The main cause of global warming and the greenhouse effect is-------------------------------------------（ A ） A. CO2 B. SO2 C. NO2 D. CH4 21. The pH value of gastric juice in a healthy person’s body is--------------------------------------------------------------（A ） A. Less than 7 B. Greater than 7 C. Equal to 7 D. It may be greater than 7 or less than 7 22. In household refrigerators, what can be used as an odor remover is-----------------------------------------------------------（ A） A. Activated carbon B. Lime water C. Alcohol D. Salt 23. The main reason smoking causes cancer is that tobacco contains-------------------------------------------------------（ C） A. Aflatoxin B. CO and NOx C. Nicotine and polychlorinated biphenyls D. Nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene 24. The main source of air pollution in modern homes is the （ D ） gases released by synthetic fiber carpets, decorative materials, painted furniture, etc. A. CH4 B. CO C. CO2 D. HCHO 25. Gold jewelry is often denoted by a number indicating its gold content; the gold content in 18K gold jewelry is ------------------------------ (C) A. 55% B. 65% C. 75% D. 85% 26. Leaded gasoline is no longer used in China, and the main purpose of this is ----------------------------------------------- (C) A. To reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides B. To increase the combustion value of gasoline C. To eliminate the pollution caused by lead in vehicle exhausts D. To improve the resistance of gasoline to shock 27. The so-called “white pollution” refers to --------------------------------------------------------------- (D) A. White dust B. White construction waste C. Household waste D. Plastic waste 28. The basic standards for green food include the following statements: ① Sweet and tasty ； ②Pollution-free ； ③Green in color ； ④No chemical additives ； ⑤It is nutritious. Those that meet the requirements for green food are --------------------------------- (B) A. ①②③⑤ B. ②④⑤ C. ①③④⑤ D. All of them. 29. Phosphorus-containing detergents mainly contain sodium tripolyphosphate; the reason for banning their use is -------- (B) A. It causes white pollution. B. It leads to an overgrowth of aquatic plants, deteriorating water quality. C. It forms deposits in water that block sewage pipes. D. It is expensive, resulting in high usage costs. 30. In the atmosphere, the main function of ozone is ------------------------------------------ (D) A. Absorbing CO2. B. Replenishing O2. C. Absorbing infrared rays. D. Absorbing ultraviolet rays. 31. The “mercury” in mercury thermometers is --------------------------------------------- (C) A. Water. B. Silver. C. Mercury. D. Kerosene. 32. The main component of vinegar is --------------------------------------------------- (D) A. Ethanol. B. Acetaldehyde. C. Ethyl acetate. D. Acetic acid. 33. A material commonly used for food packaging is --------------------------------------------- (A) A. Polyvinyl chloride. B. Polystyrene. C. Phenol-formaldehyde resin. D. Polyethylene. 34. The concentration of medical saline is ----------------------------------------------- (D) A. 0.9%. B. 3%-5%. C. 35%–40%. D. 75%. 35. The symbol shown in the diagram is ------------------------------------------------------- (Not visible) A. Explosives. B. Flammable substances. C. Fragile items. D. Highly toxic substances. 36. Plant ash is an important type of organic fertilizer; it mainly contains ------------------------------------------------- (A) A. KCl. B. K2SO4. C. KNO3. D. K2CO3. 37. A reagent commonly used as a photosensitive material is -------------------------------------------------------------------- (C) A. Silver fluoride. B. Silver chloride. C. Silver bromide. D. Silver iodide. 38. Substances commonly used for artificial rainfall are -------------------------------------------------------------------- (Both B and D are useful) A. AgI. B. AgBr. C. AgCl. D. Dry ice. 39. During thunderstorms, it is possible to increase the amount of -------------------------------------------------------------------- in the soil (D) A. Phosphatic fertilizers. B. Organic fertilizers. C. Potassic fertilizers. D. Nitrogenous fertilizers. 40. Pesticide solutions are made from which of the following combinations of substances? -------------------------------------------------- (D) A. Lime, sulfur. B. Lime, copper chloride. C. Sulfur, copper chloride. D. Lime, copper sulfate. 41. The concentration of medical alcohol is ----------------------------------------------------------------------- (C) A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 75%. D. 95%. 42. The color-changing substance in photochromic glasses is ----------------------------------------------------------------------- (B) A. Silver nitrate. B. Silver halides. C. Mercury. D. Silver powder. 43. The substance used in glass carving is ------------------------------------------------------------------- (B) A. NaOH. B. HF. C. Concentrated HNO3. D. SiF4. 44. The method to determine whether a fabric is silk or synthetic fiber is -------------------------------------------- (D) A. Adding concentrated nitric acid. B. Adding concentrated sulfuric acid. C. Adding alcohol. D. Burning it and smelling the odor. 45. Aluminum products should not be used to store acidic or alkaline foods for long periods because their surface layer is -------------------------- (D) A. Metallic aluminum. B. Basic oxides. C. Acidic oxides. D. Amphoteric oxides. 46. The discharge of agricultural fertilizers and urban waste can increase the nitrogen content in groundwater; the main harmful nitrogen pollutants for humans are ------ (C) A. NO2-. B. NO3-. C. NH4+. D. Organic nitrogen. 47. Industrial alcohol should not be consumed because it contains a substance that can cause poisoning ------------------------------------- (A) A. Methanol. B. Glycerol. C. Acetic acid. D. Ethyl acetate. 48. Which of the following substances is commonly used to protect food from being damaged by microorganisms? --------------- (A) A. Alcohol. B. Salt. C. Acetic acid. D. Potassium nitrate. 49. In medicine, a substance used as an astringent to cause tissue contraction and reduce glandular secretion is ------------------- (B) A. Alum. B. Blue vitriol. C. Prussian blue. D. Green vitriol. 50. The following statement is incorrect: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (A) A. Oils such as lard and peanut oil belong to esters. B. Camphor is used to seal bottle caps. C. The main component of soap is sodium salts of higher fatty acids. D. The component of gunpowder is actually cellulose. 51. When the skin is cut by a blade or similar object, applying a 50%–60% aqueous solution of a (iron salt) can stop bleeding. 52. When bitten by insects, applying ammonia can relieve pain, taking advantage of its weak basic nature. 53. The amount of water that the human body should consume daily from food is up to. 54. Acid rain is primarily formed by SO2 released into the air and combined with rainwater. 55. Freon, which is still used as a refrigerant in refrigerators, can destroy the ozone layer if it reaches the stratosphere. 56. The glass used for car or train windows is glass. 57. Colorful firework displays bring joy to people; red is produced by iron salts, green by copper salts, and yellow by sodium salts. 58. The three types of waste generated in industrial production—wastewater, waste gas, and waste solids—as well as the arbitrary discharge of domestic sewage from cities, and the improper use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production—all can cause water bodies to become polluted. 59. Red tide refers to the phenomenon in which certain tiny phytoplankton, protozoa, or bacteria in water bodies suddenly multiply or gather under certain environmental conditions, causing the water in a certain area to change color for a period of time. 60. Ordinary calcium phosphate and heavy calcium phosphate are commonly used phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural production; their chemical formulas are for ordinary calcium phosphate ； Calcium carbonate. 61. Formalin is commonly used for preserving biological specimens. 62. Red phosphorus is mainly used in the manufacture of safety matches; the substance coated on the side of the match box is, and the substance on the head of the match is. 63. Liquefied petroleum gas can be obtained through the cracking of heavy oil, and its main component is. 64. Corundum is often used in the manufacture of watch bearings, grinding wheels, and for grinding purposes. The chemical composition of corundum is… 65. The main component of scale is calcium carbonate, and the chemical reaction that leads to the formation of scale is . 66. The main component of Portland cement is , and gypsum is often added to the cement to control its setting rate. 67. Nitrogen is commonly used as a shielding gas when welding metals, taking advantage of its stable chemical properties at high temperatures. Nitrogen is also used to protect agricultural products such as grains and fruits, leveraging its ability to inhibit respiration. 68. A dark red substance is often applied to the glass column of new light bulbs in order to remove any residual oxygen inside the bulb; this substance is . 69. The three types of fuels that are extracted directly from the ground, namely gas, liquid, and solid, are methane, petroleum, and coal, respectively. 70. The door frames of modern buildings are often made of hard aluminum, and the composition of hard aluminum is.
1. During the SARS period, the main component of the commonly used “84” disinfectant was -------------------------- (B) A. NaCl B. NaClO C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Phenol. 2. The substance used to make plaster bandages in medical treatment for fractures is ------------------------------------- (C) A. CaCO3 B. CaO C. 2CaSO4•H2O D. CaSO4•2H2O. 3. In the event of accidental ingestion of barium salts, one of the first aid methods is to wash the stomach with a dilute solution of ( ). B A. NaCl B. Na2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. Na2SO4 4. The substance that causes crude salt to deliquesce is --------------------------------------------------------------------（B） A. KCl B. MgCl2 C. AlCl3 D. Na2SO4 5. Which of the following substances can be used as a food preservative?---------------------------------------------------------（C） A. Formaldehyde B. Boric acid C. Sodium benzoate D. Acetic acid 6. When making pastries, food factories need to use -----------------------------------------------------------------（C） A. Soda B. Baking soda C. Baking powder D. Mirabilite 7. Monosodium glutamate, a commonly used seasoning in kitchens, has as its main component the chemical name ---------------------------（D） A. Alanine B. Sodium alaninate C. Lysine D. Glutamic acid 8. Goiter is a condition that easily occurs in humans due to a lack of (C) element in the body. A. Na B. F C. I D. Fe
9. The oral medication used in medicine for X-ray imaging of the stomach and intestines, commonly known as “barium meal,” has the chemical name -------- (A)
A. BaSO4 B. CaSO4 C. Na2SO4 D. BaCl2
10. The material used to make the core of a regular pencil is ------------------------------------------------------------------ (D)
A. Lead B. A mixture of lead powder and graphite powder C. Graphite powder D. A mixture of graphite powder and clay powder
11. Iodine tincture and mercuric red should not be used together, as they react to form a toxic substance ----------------------------- (B)
A. I2 B. AgI C. HgI2 D. HI
12. Among the following foods, which one is most prone to mold growth and the production of aflatoxins? --------------------------------------------- (B)
A. Apples B. Potatoes C. Peanuts D. Pork
13. Comparing these four foods, which one contains the highest amount of calories? ------------------------------------ (C)
A. Ice fruit juice B. Ice plum juice C. Ice cream D. Ice milk
14. The fuel commonly used in the “torches” at modern sports events is --------------------------------- (C)
A. Gasoline B. Diesel C. Butane and kerosene D. Heavy oil and alcohol
15. The substance that can be used as a fluorescent material in televisions is ---------------------------------------------------------- (C)
A. BaS B. CuS C. ZnS D. CaS
16. Before burying wooden stakes, the surface part that will be buried in the ground is slightly burned with fire, because carbon, at room temperature, ----------- (D)
A. Has adsorption properties B. Has oxidizing properties C. Has reducing properties D. Has inactive chemical properties
17. Among the following air pollutants, which one can bind to human hemoglobin and cause poisoning? ---------------------- (D)
A. SO2 B. CO2 C. NO D. CO
18. Newspapers cannot be used to package food, not only because they may contain bacteria but also because they contain the element (C). A. Sodium B. Tin C. Lead D. Aluminum 19. Among the following elements, (D) can cause tooth osteoporosis when it contaminates the atmosphere or drinking water. A. Iodine B. Sulfur C. Mercury D. Fluorine 20. The main cause of global warming and the greenhouse effect is-------------------------------------------（ A ） A. CO2 B. SO2 C. NO2 D. CH4 21. The pH value of gastric juice in a healthy person’s body is--------------------------------------------------------------（A ） A. Less than 7 B. Greater than 7 C. Equal to 7 D. It may be greater than 7 or less than 7 22. In household refrigerators, what can be used as an odor remover is-----------------------------------------------------------（ A） A. Activated carbon B. Lime water C. Alcohol D. Salt 23. The main reason smoking causes cancer is that tobacco contains-------------------------------------------------------（ C） A. Aflatoxin B. CO and NOx C. Nicotine and polychlorinated biphenyls D. Nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene 24. The main source of air pollution in modern homes is the （ D ） gases released by synthetic fiber carpets, decorative materials, painted furniture, etc. A. CH4 B. CO C. CO2 D. HCHO 25. Gold jewelry is often denoted by a number indicating its gold content; the gold content in 18K gold jewelry is ------------------------------ (C) A. 55% B. 65% C. 75% D. 85% 26. Leaded gasoline is no longer used in China, and the main purpose of this is ----------------------------------------------- (C) A. To reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides B. To increase the combustion value of gasoline C. To eliminate the pollution caused by lead in vehicle exhausts D. To improve the resistance of gasoline to shock 27. The so-called “white pollution” refers to --------------------------------------------------------------- (D) A. White dust B. White construction waste C. Household waste D. Plastic waste 28. The basic standards for green food include the following statements: ① Sweet and tasty ； ②Pollution-free ； ③Green in color ； ④No chemical additives ； ⑤It is nutritious. Those that meet the requirements for green food are --------------------------------- (B) A. ①②③⑤ B. ②④⑤ C. ①③④⑤ D. All of them. 29. Phosphorus-containing detergents mainly contain sodium tripolyphosphate; the reason for banning their use is -------- (B) A. It causes white pollution. B. It leads to an overgrowth of aquatic plants, deteriorating water quality. C. It forms deposits in water that block sewage pipes. D. It is expensive, resulting in high usage costs. 30. In the atmosphere, the main function of ozone is ------------------------------------------ (D) A. Absorbing CO2. B. Replenishing O2. C. Absorbing infrared rays. D. Absorbing ultraviolet rays. 31. The “mercury” in mercury thermometers is --------------------------------------------- (C) A. Water. B. Silver. C. Mercury. D. Kerosene. 32. The main component of vinegar is --------------------------------------------------- (D) A. Ethanol. B. Acetaldehyde. C. Ethyl acetate. D. Acetic acid. 33. A material commonly used for food packaging is --------------------------------------------- (A) A. Polyvinyl chloride. B. Polystyrene. C. Phenol-formaldehyde resin. D. Polyethylene. 34. The concentration of medical saline is ----------------------------------------------- (C) A. 0.9%. B. 3%-5%. C. 35%–40%. D. 75%. 35. The symbol shown in the diagram is ------------------------------------------------------- (Not visible) A. Explosives. B. Flammable substances. C. Fragile items. D. Highly toxic substances. 36. Plant ash is an important type of organic fertilizer; it mainly contains ------------------------------------------------- (D) A. KCl. B. K2SO4. C. KNO3. D. K2CO3. 37. A reagent commonly used as a photosensitive material is -------------------------------------------------------------------- (C) A. Silver fluoride. B. Silver chloride. C. Silver bromide. D. Silver iodide. 38. Substances commonly used for artificial rainfall are -------------------------------------------------------------------- (Both B and D are useful) A. AgI. B. AgBr. C. AgCl. D. Dry ice. 39. During thunderstorms, it is possible to increase the amount of -------------------------------------------------------------------- in the soil (D) A. Phosphatic fertilizers. B. Organic fertilizers. C. Potassic fertilizers. D. Nitrogenous fertilizers. 40. Pesticide solutions are made from which of the following combinations of substances? -------------------------------------------------- (D) A. Lime, sulfur. B. Lime, copper chloride. C. Sulfur, copper chloride. D. Lime, copper sulfate. 41. The concentration of medical alcohol is ----------------------------------------------------------------------- (C) A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 75%. D. 95%. 42. The substance responsible for the color change in photochromic glasses is ----------------------------------------------------------------------- (B) A. Silver nitrate. B. Silver halides. C. Mercury. D. Silver powder. 43. The substance used in glass carving is ------------------------------------------------------------------- (B) A. NaOH. B. HF. C. Concentrated HNO3. D. SiF4. 44. The method to determine whether a fabric is silk or synthetic fiber is -------------------------------------------- (D) A. Adding concentrated nitric acid. B. Adding concentrated sulfuric acid. C. Adding alcohol. D. Burning it and smelling the odor. 45. Aluminum products should not be used to store acidic or alkaline foods for long periods because their surface layer is -------------------------- (D) A. Metallic aluminum. B. Basic oxides. C. Acidic oxides. D. Amphoteric oxides. 46. The discharge of agricultural fertilizers and urban waste can increase the nitrogen content in groundwater; the main form of nitrogen pollutants harmful to humans is ------ (C) A. NO2-. B. NO3-. C. NH4+. D. Organic nitrogen. 47. Industrial alcohol should not be consumed because it contains a substance that can cause poisoning ------------------------------------- (A) A. Methanol. B. Glycerol. C. Acetic acid. D. Ethyl acetate. 48. Which of the following substances is commonly used to protect food from microbial degradation?------------------------------- (A) A. Alcohol. B. Salt. C. Acetic acid. D. Potassium nitrate. 49. In medicine, a substance used as an astringent to cause tissue contraction and reduce glandular secretion is ------------------- (B) A. Alum. B. Blue vitriol. C. Prussian blue. D. Green vitriol. 50. The following statement is incorrect: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (A) A. Oils such as lard and peanut oil belong to esters. B. Camphor is used to seal bottle caps. C. The main component of soap is sodium salts of higher fatty acids. D. The component of gunpowder is actually cellulose. 51. When the skin is cut by a blade or similar object, applying a 50%–60% aqueous solution of a (iron salt) can help stop bleeding. 52. When bitten by insects, applying ammonia can relieve pain, taking advantage of its weak basic nature. 53. The amount of water that the human body should consume daily from food is up to. 54. Acid rain is primarily formed by SO2 released into the air and combined with rainwater. 55. Freon, which is still used as a refrigerant in refrigerators, can destroy the ozone layer if it reaches the stratosphere. 56. The glass used for car or train windows is glass. 57. Colorful firework displays bring joy to people; red is produced by iron salts, green by copper salts, and yellow by sodium salts. 58. The three types of waste generated in industrial production—wastewater, waste gas, and waste solids—as well as the arbitrary discharge of domestic sewage from cities, and the improper use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production—all can cause water bodies to become polluted. 59. Red tide refers to the phenomenon in which certain tiny phytoplankton, protozoa, or bacteria in water bodies suddenly multiply or gather under certain environmental conditions, causing the water in a certain area to change color for a period of time. 60. Ordinary calcium phosphate and heavy calcium phosphate are commonly used phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural production; their chemical formulas are for ordinary calcium phosphate ； Calcium carbonate. 61. Formalin is commonly used for preserving biological specimens. 62. Red phosphorus is mainly used in the manufacture of safety matches; the substance coated on the side of the match box is, and the substance on the head of the match is. 63. Liquefied petroleum gas can be obtained through the cracking of heavy oil, and its main component is. 64. Corundum is often used in the manufacture of watch bearings, grinding wheels, and for grinding purposes. The chemical composition of corundum is… 65. The main component of scale is calcium carbonate, and the chemical reaction that leads to the formation of scale is . 66. The main component of Portland cement is , and gypsum is often added to the cement to control its setting rate. 67. Nitrogen is commonly used as a shielding gas when welding metals, taking advantage of its stable chemical properties at high temperatures. Nitrogen is also used to protect agricultural products such as grains and fruits, leveraging its ability to inhibit respiration. 68. A dark red substance is often applied to the glass column of new light bulbs in order to remove any residual oxygen inside the bulb; this substance is . 69. The three types of fuels that are extracted directly from the ground, namely gas, liquid, and solid, are methane, petroleum, and coal, respectively. 70. The door frames of modern buildings are often made of hard aluminum, and the composition of hard aluminum is.
9. The oral medication used in medicine for X-ray imaging of the stomach and intestines, commonly known as “barium meal,” has the chemical name -------- (A)
A. BaSO4 B. CaSO4 C. Na2SO4 D. BaCl2
10. The material used to make the core of a regular pencil is ------------------------------------------------------------------ (D)
A. Lead B. A mixture of lead powder and graphite powder C. Graphite powder D. A mixture of graphite powder and clay powder
11. Iodine tincture and mercuric red should not be used together, as they react to form a toxic substance ----------------------------- (B)
A. I2 B. AgI C. HgI2 D. HI
12. Among the following foods, which one is most prone to mold growth and the production of aflatoxins? --------------------------------------------- (B)
A. Apples B. Potatoes C. Peanuts D. Pork
13. Comparing these four foods, which one contains the highest amount of calories? ------------------------------------ (C)
A. Ice fruit juice B. Ice plum juice C. Ice cream D. Ice milk
14. The fuel commonly used in the “torches” at modern sports events is --------------------------------- (C)
A. Gasoline B. Diesel C. Butane and kerosene D. Heavy oil and alcohol
15. The substance that can be used as a fluorescent material in televisions is ---------------------------------------------------------- (C)
A. BaS B. CuS C. ZnS D. CaS
16. Before burying wooden stakes, the surface part that will be buried in the ground is slightly burned with fire, because carbon, at room temperature, ----------- (D)
A. Has adsorption properties B. Has oxidizing properties C. Has reducing properties D. Has inactive chemical properties
17. Among the following air pollutants, which one can bind to human hemoglobin and cause poisoning? ---------------------- (D)
A. SO2 B. CO2 C. NO D. CO
18. Newspapers cannot be used to package food, not only because they may contain bacteria but also because they contain the element (C). A. Sodium B. Tin C. Lead D. Aluminum 19. Among the following elements, (D) can cause tooth osteoporosis when it contaminates the atmosphere or drinking water. A. Iodine B. Sulfur C. Mercury D. Fluorine 20. The main cause of global warming and the greenhouse effect is-------------------------------------------（ A ） A. CO2 B. SO2 C. NO2 D. CH4 21. The pH value of gastric juice in a healthy person’s body is--------------------------------------------------------------（A ） A. Less than 7 B. Greater than 7 C. Equal to 7 D. It may be greater than 7 or less than 7 22. In household refrigerators, what can be used as an odor remover is-----------------------------------------------------------（ A） A. Activated carbon B. Lime water C. Alcohol D. Salt 23. The main reason smoking causes cancer is that tobacco contains-------------------------------------------------------（ C） A. Aflatoxin B. CO and NOx C. Nicotine and polychlorinated biphenyls D. Nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene 24. The main source of air pollution in modern homes is the （ D ） gases released by synthetic fiber carpets, decorative materials, painted furniture, etc. A. CH4 B. CO C. CO2 D. HCHO 25. Gold jewelry is often denoted by a number indicating its gold content; the gold content in 18K gold jewelry is ------------------------------ (C) A. 55% B. 65% C. 75% D. 85% 26. Leaded gasoline is no longer used in China, and the main purpose of this is ----------------------------------------------- (C) A. To reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides B. To increase the combustion value of gasoline C. To eliminate the pollution caused by lead in vehicle exhausts D. To improve the resistance of gasoline to shock 27. The so-called “white pollution” refers to --------------------------------------------------------------- (D) A. White dust B. White construction waste C. Household waste D. Plastic waste 28. The basic standards for green food include the following statements: ① Sweet and tasty ； ②Pollution-free ； ③Green in color ； ④No chemical additives ； ⑤It is nutritious. Those that meet the requirements for green food are --------------------------------- (B) A. ①②③⑤ B. ②④⑤ C. ①③④⑤ D. All of them. 29. Phosphorus-containing detergents mainly contain sodium tripolyphosphate; the reason for banning their use is -------- (B) A. It causes white pollution. B. It leads to an overgrowth of aquatic plants, deteriorating water quality. C. It forms deposits in water that block sewage pipes. D. It is expensive, resulting in high usage costs. 30. In the atmosphere, the main function of ozone is ------------------------------------------ (D) A. Absorbing CO2. B. Replenishing O2. C. Absorbing infrared rays. D. Absorbing ultraviolet rays. 31. The “mercury” in mercury thermometers is --------------------------------------------- (C) A. Water. B. Silver. C. Mercury. D. Kerosene. 32. The main component of vinegar is --------------------------------------------------- (D) A. Ethanol. B. Acetaldehyde. C. Ethyl acetate. D. Acetic acid. 33. A material commonly used for food packaging is --------------------------------------------- (A) A. Polyvinyl chloride. B. Polystyrene. C. Phenol-formaldehyde resin. D. Polyethylene. 34. The concentration of medical saline is ----------------------------------------------- (C) A. 0.9%. B. 3%-5%. C. 35%–40%. D. 75%. 35. The symbol shown in the diagram is ------------------------------------------------------- (Not visible) A. Explosives. B. Flammable substances. C. Fragile items. D. Highly toxic substances. 36. Plant ash is an important type of organic fertilizer; it mainly contains ------------------------------------------------- (D) A. KCl. B. K2SO4. C. KNO3. D. K2CO3. 37. A reagent commonly used as a photosensitive material is -------------------------------------------------------------------- (C) A. Silver fluoride. B. Silver chloride. C. Silver bromide. D. Silver iodide. 38. Substances commonly used for artificial rainfall are -------------------------------------------------------------------- (Both B and D are useful) A. AgI. B. AgBr. C. AgCl. D. Dry ice. 39. During thunderstorms, it is possible to increase the amount of -------------------------------------------------------------------- in the soil (D) A. Phosphatic fertilizers. B. Organic fertilizers. C. Potassic fertilizers. D. Nitrogenous fertilizers. 40. Pesticide solutions are made from which of the following combinations of substances? -------------------------------------------------- (D) A. Lime, sulfur. B. Lime, copper chloride. C. Sulfur, copper chloride. D. Lime, copper sulfate. 41. The concentration of medical alcohol is ----------------------------------------------------------------------- (C) A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 75%. D. 95%. 42. The substance responsible for the color change in photochromic glasses is ----------------------------------------------------------------------- (B) A. Silver nitrate. B. Silver halides. C. Mercury. D. Silver powder. 43. The substance used in glass carving is ------------------------------------------------------------------- (B) A. NaOH. B. HF. C. Concentrated HNO3. D. SiF4. 44. The method to determine whether a fabric is silk or synthetic fiber is -------------------------------------------- (D) A. Adding concentrated nitric acid. B. Adding concentrated sulfuric acid. C. Adding alcohol. D. Burning it and smelling the odor. 45. Aluminum products should not be used to store acidic or alkaline foods for long periods because their surface layer is -------------------------- (D) A. Metallic aluminum. B. Basic oxides. C. Acidic oxides. D. Amphoteric oxides. 46. The discharge of agricultural fertilizers and urban waste can increase the nitrogen content in groundwater; the main form of nitrogen pollutants harmful to humans is ------ (C) A. NO2-. B. NO3-. C. NH4+. D. Organic nitrogen. 47. Industrial alcohol should not be consumed because it contains a substance that can cause poisoning ------------------------------------- (A) A. Methanol. B. Glycerol. C. Acetic acid. D. Ethyl acetate. 48. Which of the following substances is commonly used to protect food from microbial degradation?------------------------------- (A) A. Alcohol. B. Salt. C. Acetic acid. D. Potassium nitrate. 49. In medicine, a substance used as an astringent to cause tissue contraction and reduce glandular secretion is ------------------- (B) A. Alum. B. Blue vitriol. C. Prussian blue. D. Green vitriol. 50. The following statement is incorrect: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (A) A. Oils such as lard and peanut oil belong to esters. B. Camphor is used to seal bottle caps. C. The main component of soap is sodium salts of higher fatty acids. D. The component of gunpowder is actually cellulose. 51. When the skin is cut by a blade or similar object, applying a 50%–60% aqueous solution of a (iron salt) can help stop bleeding. 52. When bitten by insects, applying ammonia can relieve pain, taking advantage of its weak basic nature. 53. The amount of water that the human body should consume daily from food is up to. 54. Acid rain is primarily formed by SO2 released into the air and combined with rainwater. 55. Freon, which is still used as a refrigerant in refrigerators, can destroy the ozone layer if it reaches the stratosphere. 56. The glass used for car or train windows is glass. 57. Colorful firework displays bring joy to people; red is produced by iron salts, green by copper salts, and yellow by sodium salts. 58. The three types of waste generated in industrial production—wastewater, waste gas, and waste solids—as well as the arbitrary discharge of domestic sewage from cities, and the improper use of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural production—all can cause water bodies to become polluted. 59. Red tide refers to the phenomenon in which certain tiny phytoplankton, protozoa, or bacteria in water bodies suddenly multiply or gather under certain environmental conditions, causing the water in a certain area to change color for a period of time. 60. Ordinary calcium phosphate and heavy calcium phosphate are commonly used phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural production; their chemical formulas are for ordinary calcium phosphate ； Calcium carbonate. 61. Formalin is commonly used for preserving biological specimens. 62. Red phosphorus is mainly used in the manufacture of safety matches; the substance coated on the side of the match box is, and the substance on the head of the match is. 63. Liquefied petroleum gas can be obtained through the cracking of heavy oil, and its main component is. 64. Corundum is often used in the manufacture of watch bearings, grinding wheels, and for grinding purposes. The chemical composition of corundum is… 65. The main component of scale is calcium carbonate, and the chemical reaction that leads to the formation of scale is . 66. The main component of Portland cement is , and gypsum is often added to the cement to control its setting rate. 67. Nitrogen is commonly used as a shielding gas when welding metals, taking advantage of its stable chemical properties at high temperatures. Nitrogen is also used to protect agricultural products such as grains and fruits, leveraging its ability to inhibit respiration. 68. A dark red substance is often applied to the glass column of new light bulbs in order to remove any residual oxygen inside the bulb; this substance is . 69. The three types of fuels that are extracted directly from the ground, namely gas, liquid, and solid, are methane, petroleum, and coal, respectively. 70. The door frames of modern buildings are often made of hard aluminum, and the composition of hard aluminum is.