Some knowledge about accident management (1st~7th floor)

How to register and manage equipment failure Equipment failure refers to a state in which the material conditions fail to meet the requirements specified in the design. Such as failures caused by equipment, facilities, machinery, tools, etc. The management of this kind of failure mainly involves understanding the time and place of the failure, the occurrence and technical status of the failure, the cause of the failure, and the impact and harm to safety. The person responsible is identified, and the safety and technology department will give handling opinions and hand it over to the factory accident management personnel for handling. How to register management or operation errors Management or operation errors refer to the behavior of failure to manage or operate in accordance with relevant safety regulations. Such as management errors such as plans, instructions, regulations and behavioral errors of direct operators. Use the "Management Error Report" to achieve management. How to register and manage near-miss accidents, explosion accidents and fire accidents A near-miss accident refers to an accident in which the conditions for an accident have been met, or although an accident occurred, it did not cause property damage or casualties due to some kind of luck. Explosion accidents include physical or chemical explosion accidents. Whenever an explosion occurs, regardless of casualties or property losses, it is called an explosion accident. Fire accidents refer to fire incidents that occur within an enterprise. Regardless of the size of the fire, casualties or property losses, they are all treated as fire accidents.

Why is an accident investigation required by the State Council?: When an accident occurs, we must "don't let it go", that is, we won't let it go until the cause of the accident is found out, we won't let it go until those responsible for the accident and the employees are educated, we won't let it go until preventive measures are formulated, and we won't let it go until those responsible for the accident are dealt with. Its purpose is to improve the safety awareness of employees and the level of corporate safety management through accident lessons, improve the safety status of the company, and prevent similar accidents from occurring. “The key to "Four Don't Let Go" is to find out the cause of the accident. If the cause of the accident is not clear, it will be difficult to provide targeted education to employees, and preventive measures will not be taken effectively. Only by investigating the accident clearly can we produce information that can be used to prevent accidents. What are the requirements for accident investigation? To investigate an accident, we must first clarify the purpose and requirements of the investigation. Accidents occur because people violate the objective laws of the labor production process, but the occurrence and development process of the accident itself is carried out in accordance with its inevitable laws. Therefore, accident investigation is also people's understanding and summary of the occurrence and development process of the accident. Accident investigations must seek truth from facts, and all conclusions should be drawn on the basis of investigation and verification. All physical evidence present at the accident scene is an objective display of the accident's development process and the accumulation of spatial effects. Investigators must conduct investigations based on the actual situation at the accident site, extract physical evidence, and make accident conclusions based on the physical evidence. Therefore, investigators should not be biased or preconceived, but should constantly revise and improve their subjective understanding according to the actual situation of the accident investigation. The speed and quality of accident investigation work vary depending on the ability and knowledge level of the personnel involved in the investigation. Therefore, investigators must master accident investigation techniques and understand scientific knowledge such as product performance, process conditions, equipment structure, and operating techniques in order to complete this task. How to organize the investigation of the accident scene? The premise of the accident site investigation is to protect the accident scene. The accident scene is the accident location that maintains the original state of the accident, including the scope involved in the accident and places related to the accident. After an accident occurs, the accident scene should be closed immediately. Except for rescue work, no unrelated personnel are allowed to enter. It is prohibited to arbitrarily move or change the original state of the accident scene. Only when the original condition of the accident scene is maintained can on-site investigation be of practical significance. Before the origin and cause of the accident are fully determined, the accident scene cannot be abolished or opened. The steps for accident scene investigation are as follows:: (1) Clarify the tasks of the accident site investigation. During the on-site investigation, the first step is to identify the damage caused by the accident, including material losses, the function and damage of preventive measures, and personal injuries. The second step is to discover or extract physical evidence that determines the origin and cause of the accident to prove the occurrence and development of the accident. Then, based on various technical data collected from the survey, it provides a basis for studying new preventive measures. During the on-site investigation, we should not only pay attention to the obvious traces of the accident, but also pay attention to the potential factors so that the accident can serve to promote the development of productivity. (2) Preparation for on-site investigation The factory safety department must make preparations for the investigation based on the characteristics and needs of the industry. First of all, the tools and instruments, photographic equipment, various measuring tools, azimuth meters, inspection materials, etc. used for surveying and mapping must be prepared and placed in a special box for accident investigation for later use. Secondly, various drawings and materials that are consistent with the actual situation must be prepared, such as factory general plan, workshop structure diagram, process flow diagram, equipment structure diagram, installation diagram, underground engineering distribution plan, etc. In addition, attention should also be paid to the training of accident investigators so that they can quickly enter work status when an accident occurs. (3) On-site investigation shall determine the scope of the accident site based on the actual conditions of the accident site. ； Develop an investigation plan and take photos and map the entire accident scene and key parts. Then, according to accident investigation procedures, various physical evidence that can prove the occurrence and development of the accident is discovered and extracted from the scene. The first thing is to verify the location of the origin of the accident. After initially determining the origin of the accident, we then verify the cause of the hidden danger at the origin of the accident turning into an accident (i.e., the first trigger) and the cause of the accident's expansion and spread (i.e., the second trigger). The origin of the accident and the cause of the accident must be simulated and tested based on the actual situation, and can only be finalized after verification and clarity. (4) Exploration records With the in-depth development of on-site investigation work, the original state of the site is gradually destroyed. It is common for some relatively complex accident scenes to be considered insignificant during the initial inspection, but later confirmed to be critical. Therefore, in order to preserve memory, it is necessary to record and take photos or videos when investigating the scene, and store various physical evidence and information provided at the scene for future use. How to conduct an investigation of labor production conditions before the accident should first clarify the object and content of the investigation. It is conducted by investigating the existence and causes of hidden dangers before the accident to all relevant personnel. And verify it with the physical evidence provided by the on-site investigation. Therefore, the survey objects should include: (1) Personnel activities and equipment operation during the labor production process ； (2) The status of labor production, the existence of raw materials, products, and finished products, process conditions and operating conditions, technical regulations and management systems, etc. ； (3) The regional environment and natural conditions where the labor production process takes place, such as sunny, rainy, wind direction, temperature and humidity, etc., as well as related external factors ； (4) Abnormal phenomena that occur during labor production and their judgment and handling ； (5) The working status and changes in thoughts of relevant personnel. The purpose of investigating these contents is to further verify management deficiencies based on the origin and cause of the accident after investigating the physical evidence to clarify the hidden dangers of the accident. When it is confirmed that the nature of the accident is a liability accident, liability analysis will be conducted and suggestions for handling the responsible persons will be put forward. About the method and timing of investigation: All persons involved in creating hidden dangers and those present at the time of the accident, as well as witnesses of the accident and those who called the police are all under investigation. Pay attention to their normal and abnormal relationships, their mental state towards investigating and analyzing the accident, and their attitude towards providing clues to the accident to investigators. Be especially wary of those who are eager to resume production and damage the accident site. The investigation of labor and production conditions before the accident should be carried out earlier than the on-site investigation. First, it can calm the people's hearts, and second, it can control the unruly behavior of some people through the masses.

What should an accident analysis include? Accident analysis is carried out on the basis of conclusive evidence obtained from the accident investigation. In accordance with the requirements of GB6442-86 "Rules for Investigation and Analysis of Enterprise Employee Casualty Accidents", accident analysis includes: Analysis of the injured location, nature of the injury, causes, harmful substances, injury methods, unsafe conditions, unsafe behaviors, direct causes, and indirect causes. Among them, the injured part refers to the injured body position divided according to human anatomy. like us * Traditionally, head trauma should be called craniocerebral trauma, eye trauma or facial trauma. The nature of injury refers to the type of injury determined from a medical perspective, such as cuts, sprains, burns, etc. If the accident causes multiple injuries, it can be called "multiple injuries." A hazard is an object or substance that directly causes harm. When two or more objects collide, choose the moving object as the hazard. ； If the objects are all stationary, choose the last object in contact. For example, if a person falls from a scaffolding and hits several objects and falls to the ground, the ground is a hazard. The causative agent refers to the object or substance that caused the accident. It is the material factors at the origin of the accident. Unsafe conditions refer to material conditions that directly form or can lead to accidents. Including equipment, facilities, machinery, tools and potential hazardous factors in the working environment. Unsafe behavior refers to human error that causes an accident. Including violations of regulations and disciplines. It is the triggering condition for an accident. Direct cause refers to the cause that directly leads to the accident. Including unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe conditions of objects. Indirect causes refer to the reasons why indirect causes arise and exist. Including technical, design reasons and management reasons. What does the accident handling work include? After the accident investigation is completed, the accident handling work must be carried out. This includes determining the nature of the accident ； Carry out liability analysis for responsible accidents and provide suggestions on how to deal with those responsible ； Develop preventive measures ； Four tasks including establishing accident files. The result of these efforts is the outcome of the entire accident investigation. It is related to the issue of whether the "Four Don't Let Go" principle can be truly implemented, that is, whether the majority of employees can be educated and whether accidents can be effectively curbed. How to perform accident liability analysis Accident liability analysis is to analyze the responsibility for the cause of the accident and determine the person responsible for the accident. The person responsible for the accident refers to the person responsible for the accident. These include those with direct responsibility, those with primary responsibility and those with leadership responsibility. Those whose actions have a direct causal relationship with the occurrence of the accident shall be directly responsible. Both the person who caused the unsafe condition and the person who engaged in unsafe behavior may be directly responsible. Those who bear leadership responsibility for the occurrence of the accident shall be the person responsible for the leadership. Leadership responsibility is generally determined from indirect causes. Among those directly responsible and those responsible for leadership, the person who played a major role in the occurrence of the accident is the person primarily responsible.

What is the origin of the accident? The origin of the accident is the initial starting point of the accident. That is to say, the point where the accident hazard is transformed into an accident with initial mutation characteristics and has a direct causal connection with the accident development process. Such as the first point of ignition in fire accidents, the first point of explosion in explosion accidents, the first point of contact in vehicle injury accidents, etc. The origin of the accident has the following three characteristics:: (1) The origin of the accident is the point with a sudden change from the potential accident hazard to the accident. (2) The origin of the accident is the initial point from which the accident hazard is transformed into the accident. (3) The origin of the accident is the point in the accident development process that has direct causal connection with the consequences of the accident. Accidents that occur in the labor production process are caused by the transformation of hidden dangers at the origin of the accident. The origin of the accident is triggered again, so that the hidden dangers of the accident exist in the occurrence and development process of the accident. During the accident investigation, the location of the origin of the accident must be clarified and verified first, and then all aspects of the accident investigation process can be analyzed. In a simple accident, such as a broken finger on a punch press, the contact point between man and machine is the origin and end point of the accident. However, for relatively complex major accidents, it will be difficult for the accident investigation to proceed in depth without first finding the origin of the accident. If the origin of the accident is not determined before making a conclusion about the cause of the accident, the result will be wrong and the measures taken will be untargeted.

What other statistical indicators are included in casualty accident statistics? In addition to the absolute indicators and relative indicators of casualty accidents,* * Standard GB6441-86 "Classification of Casualty Accidents of Enterprise Employees" also stipulates the following 6 statistical indicators of casualty accidents: Death rate per thousand people ； Serious injury rate per thousand people ； Injury rate per million work hours ； Injury severity rate ； average injury severity ； Mortality rate calculated by product production (mortality rate per million tons and mortality rate per 10,000 cubic meters of wood) ； How to formulate accident prevention measures Suggestions on accident prevention measures are put forward by the accident investigation team. It proposes targeted and specific measures based on the cause of the accident. These measures should not only consider the technical and economic feasibility, but also pay attention to their effectiveness and reliability. ； It is necessary to consider both measures to prevent accidents and measures to prevent the expansion of accidents. ； We should not only pay attention to technical measures such as design and manufacturing, but also pay attention to other measures such as management, education, and training. Preventive measures cannot be implemented once and for all. Scientific research must be conducted along with the development of production and science and technology, especially the science of risk factors that have not yet been recognized. What is accident statistical analysis? Accident statistical analysis is to use mathematical statistical methods to process, organize and analyze a large amount of accident data, revealing certain inevitable patterns of accidents and pointing out the direction for preventing accidents. Accident statistical analysis is based on complete accident investigation, registration, and filing, that is to say, it relies on the perfection and completeness of accident data. However, these complete accident data are only objective reflections of independent accidental events, and there are no rules at all. However, through comprehensive analysis of a large number of accidental accidents, inevitable rules and general trends can be found, so as to achieve the purpose of predicting and preventing accidents. Accident statistical analysis is an important part of accident management work. By doing this work well, we can grasp accurate statistical data in a timely manner, truthfully reflect the company's safety status and accident development trends, and provide a basis for leaders at all levels to make decisions, guide safe production, and formulate plans.

How to establish and use accident files Accident files are important technical files and are the results of people studying accidents. Accident files play an important role in studying accident occurrence patterns and preventing accidents. ； Can be used as material for employee safety education ； Can provide research materials for scientific research departments and colleges and universities ； It can provide a basis for decision-making by leading agencies. Accident files should be files of various types of accidents, including files of minor injuries, serious injuries, fatal accidents, files of near-miss accidents and files of economic loss accidents, etc. Accident files should be kept for a long time and a file management system should be established to serve all those who study accidents. Accident files should be filed after the incident is closed. Content includes: (1) Accident registration form ； (2) Accident investigation report ； (3) On-site investigation records, drawings and photos ； (4) Technical appraisal and test report ； (5) Physical evidence and witness materials ； (6) Direct and indirect economic loss materials ； (7) Deputy chief materials of the person responsible for the accident ； (8) Diagnosis certificate of the casualty from the medical department ； (9) The process conditions, operating conditions and disciplinary decisions when the accident occurred, as well as the inspection materials of the disciplinary personnel, notifications, briefings and documents related to the accident. ； What are the basic procedures and contents of accident statistical analysis? What are the basic procedures and contents of accident statistical analysis?: Statistical investigation, processing, and comprehensive analysis of accident data. The three are closely connected as a whole and are an important way for people to understand the nature of accidents. The statistical investigation of accident data is to collect accident data by various means and systematically and comprehensively collect a large number of sporadic accident raw data. Accident investigation items should be set according to the purpose of the accident investigation, such as the time and place of the accident, the victim’s name, gender, age, length of service, type of work, injury location, nature of injury, direct causes, indirect causes, harmful substances, accident type, accident economic losses, days off work, etc. The way to fill in the items can be numerical, yes or no, or text. The organization of accident data is to appropriately group and review and summarize accident data according to the purpose of statistical analysis of accidents, and to calculate relevant values ​​and statistically group them according to requirements. Such as grouping by industry, accident type, injury severity, economic loss, gender, age, length of service, education level, time, etc. During the review and summary process, the accuracy of the data must be checked. Check whether the content of the data is logical, whether the indicators are inconsistent with each other, and whether there are any errors through calculation. Comprehensive analysis of accident data is to fill in the summarized and organized accident data and relevant data into statistical tables or mark statistical charts to draw appropriate statistical analysis conclusions.