The issue of electrochemical overpotential?
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I would appreciate some guidance from experts. What is overpotential? How can the oxygen overpotential and hydrogen overpotential of different metal materials be utilized to improve the current efficiency during the electrolysis of aqueous solutions? Our factory produces potassium permanganate by electrolyzing manganese manganate solutions; however, the current efficiency does not reach 50%, and the electrolysis process largely amounts to water electrolysis. We hope to achieve a higher current efficiency by using different materials. If you have any information or data related to chlor-alkali electrolysis, I would be grateful if you could share it
Answering the first question raised by the original poster: what is overpotential? Due to the polarization phenomenon, a difference arises between the actual potential and the reversible equilibrium potential. This difference is called overpotential (also known as polarization potential or excess voltage). It is generally denoted by η. And ηc denotes the cathode potential, while ηa denotes the anode potential. The overpotential at the cathode causes the cathode potential to shift in the negative direction, while the overpotential at the anode causes the anode potential to shift in the positive direction. Please let experts continue with the rest!
Step 1: Write down the molecular weights... 2NaCl + 2H2O = 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2; 2*58.5, 2*18, 2*40, 71, 2. Step 2: Given that there are 100,000 tons of NaOH, substitute these values: 2*58.5, 2*18, 2*40, 71, 2; A, B, 100,000, X, Y. Since these values are proportional to each other, we can solve for X and Y: X=88,750 and Y=2,500. Therefore, there are 88,750 tons of chlorine gas and 2,500 tons of hydrogen gas...