Induction lamp problem

Metal halide lamps can be used, but the temperature of metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps is a problem, and explosion-proof heat dissipation is a problem. Induction lamps are selling very well now, but the price is too high.

What I'm talking about is the heat dissipation problem of metal halide bulbs. It is said that manufacturers no longer allow such installation. It must be installed to be explosion-proof. How high is the price of electrodeless lamps that do not allow for increased safety?:o This is not another way to make money;P

Induction lamps cost less than 300 yuan and are generally less than 200 watts.

Are you talking about ordinary lamps or explosion-proof lamps? Not very expensive ;P

Energy-saving lamps generally have low power, less than 85w. Besides, there are too many lamps and they interfere with each other. How much light actually comes out of the lampshade? Induction lamps can reach 200 watts, but they are expensive. It is preferable to use it in places where maintenance is troublesome.

The induction lamp you are talking about refers to a single bulb or lamp tube. If I use it, it is an explosion-proof light. In the past, metal halide lamps were generally used between 125~175~! ! ~

Analysis of light sources and principles that are not allowed to be used. Currently, the light sources that are not allowed to be used in increased safety lamps include:: 　　Ordinary fluorescent lamps (including double-ended and single-ended fluorescent lamps) ； 　　 High intensity gas discharge lamp (high pressure sodium lamp, high pressure mercury lamp, metal halide lamp) ； Low pressure sodium lamp. reason: The working principle of ordinary fluorescent lamps is that after the cathode filament of the lamp tube is energized and preheated, the supporting ballast generates high voltage, which causes the cathode electrons to stimulate breakdown in the electric field of the lamp tube, causing the fluorescent lamp to start working normally. After the filament is preheated, the ballast generates high voltage to excite the cathode electrons, which can slow down the aging of the cathode and extend the life of the lamp. However, when used as a light source for increased safety lamps, once the lamp bulb breaks or leaks, the flammable gas mixture may enter the bulb and directly contact the hot filament or electrode, causing an explosion. 　　After the bulb shell of a high-intensity gas discharge lamp is completely broken, the discharge tube can still maintain electrical connection. Once the hot discharge tube comes into direct contact with the flammable gas mixture, it can ignite the flammable gas mixture and cause an explosion. 　　When the bulb of any light source is broken or leaks, the electrical connection inside the light source cannot be instantly disconnected. This will rapidly reduce the internal temperature of the light source. The flammable gas mixture may enter the bulb and cause an explosion. Increased safety lamps cannot use light sources with similar hazards. 　　Low-pressure sodium lamps are different from high-pressure sodium lamps. The discharge tubes of high-pressure sodium lamps mainly contain sodium molecules in the form of sodium-mercury navels, which are relatively stable. However, the discharge tubes of low-pressure sodium lamps contain more free sodium, and the chemical molecules of free sodium are unstable and very reactive. Once in contact with water or steam, free sodium will undergo a violent chemical reaction with water molecules, and at the same time a large amount of heat will be generated, which may ignite flammable gas mixtures in the environment, creating an explosion hazard. Therefore, low-pressure sodium lamps cannot be used not only in increased safety lamps, but also in all explosion-proof lamps. Low-pressure sodium lamps cannot enter places with explosive hazards. Once someone brings a low-pressure sodium lamp into a place with explosive hazards and accidentally drops it and breaks it, a violent chemical reaction will occur between the free sodium and the water molecules on the ground, which may cause an explosion hazard.

Explosion-proof lamps mainly refer to the characteristics of the housing in which the lamp is installed. The lamp must match, mainly related to the operating temperature.

The fourth generation of energy-saving and environmentally friendly new light source 1. Long life, low light attenuation 2. High luminous efficiency, high energy saving 3. Excellent electrical performance... 1. Working principle of high-frequency induction lamp: The induction lamp is structurally composed of three parts, namely a high-frequency generator (high-frequency power supply), a power coupler and a glass bulb coated with rare earth phosphor. It is an international fourth-generation energy-saving and environmentally friendly new light source that integrates electronic, electromagnetic, vacuum and other technologies. When the current passes through the high-frequency generator, a 2.65MHz high-frequency sinusoidal voltage is generated, and a high-frequency magnetic field is instantly established in the glass bulb coated with rare earth phosphor through the power coupler. Under the action of the high-frequency magnetic field, the inert gas (mixed gas of krypton and argon) inside the bulb is ionized and then produces an avalanche effect, thus generating strong ultraviolet light. The rare earth phosphor emits visible light under the action of strong ultraviolet light. Since the inner wall of the glass bulb is coated with an alumina metal powder layer, it is equivalent to establishing a metal shielding layer on the inner wall of the bulb, thereby blocking the leakage of electromagnetic waves. This prevents the high-frequency electrodeless lamp from producing electromagnetic space radiation that exceeds international standards. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic field will generate an induced current in the lamp tube, causing the mixed vapor of low-pressure mercury and inert gas to discharge, radiate 253.7nm ultraviolet light, and then convert it into visible light through the three-base powder. Since there are no electrodes in the electrodeless lamp tube (bulb) and there are no vulnerable components in the lamp body, the life of the entire system mainly depends on the "electronics---high-frequency generator", so the life of this type of lamp is very long, which can reach more than 60,000 hours. It is especially suitable for places where it is difficult and expensive to change lights, as well as important places with high safety requirements. Such as tunnels, complex traffic areas, subway stations, factories with high ceilings, lighting in flammable and explosive hazardous areas, halls, sports grounds, etc. 2. Characteristics of high-frequency induction lamps (high-frequency induction lamps are divided into two types: "alternating current" and "direct current". Users can choose according to specific circumstances). As a replacement product for electric light sources, high-frequency induction lamps have been recognized by more and more people and have been applied in many fields. Its main features are as follows: 1. Long life, low light attenuation. The high-frequency induction lamp has no filament or electrodes in the bulb. It works by high-frequency electromagnetic coupling, so its service life can be as long as 60,000 hours. Its lifespan is 20 times that of fluorescent lamps, more than 12 times that of metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps, and the average light decay of high-frequency electrodeless lamps is less than 5%. ； Note: General incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps, and other gas discharge lamps have filaments or electrodes, and the sputtering effect of filaments or electrodes is precisely the "inevitable component" that limits the service life of the lamp. High-frequency electrodeless lamps have no electrodes and rely on the principle of electromagnetic induction and fluorescence discharge to emit light. Therefore, there are no "inevitable components" that limit its lifespan. Its service life is only determined by the quality level of electronic components, circuit design and the manufacturing process of the bulb. Generally, the service life can reach 50,000 to 100,000 hours. 2. High light efficiency and high energy saving: High luminous efficiency, luminous efficacy ≥63Lm/w, the brightness of a 100W electrodeless lamp is equivalent to a 600W incandescent lamp, which is 6 times that of an incandescent lamp. Under normal circumstances, 85W electrodeless lamp ≈ 170W metal halide lamp ≈ 250W high pressure sodium lamp ≈ 500W incandescent lamp ； It saves 70% more energy than incandescent lamps and 60% more energy than high-pressure sodium lamps. Note: Testing in the integrating sphere: The luminous flux of an 85W high-frequency induction lamp is roughly equivalent to the 500W incandescent light flux. 3. Excellent electrical performance: The power factor is high, cosφ≥0.98. Low current harmonics, constant voltage power supply, constant light flux output, body power consumption ≤ 0.02, input power ≈ output power ； 4. Environmental protection effect: It uses solid amalgam, which will not pollute the environment even if it is broken. It has a recyclability rate of more than 99% and is a truly environmentally friendly green light source. ； 99.6% of other materials used in induction lamps can be recycled, which is particularly in line with environmental protection needs. ； 5. No flicker: Because of its high working frequency, it is regarded as "completely free of stroboscopic effect", which will not cause eye fatigue and protect eye health. At the same time, the light is extremely stable, with high illumination, low glare, and comfortable light color, which is beneficial to visual health. ； 6. Wide voltage and ambient temperature reliability: The voltage fluctuates within the range of 85V-265V, and the ambient temperature starts normally between -30 and +50 degrees Celsius. It works stably and requires no maintenance. ； 7. Instant start, no preheating requirement: Because it works in a high-frequency electromagnetic coupling mode, frequent starts and restarts can light up instantly, and can be turned on and off instantly. There is no preheating requirement. There is no need for preheating time like ordinary mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, and fluorescent lamps when starting up. ； Note: Multiple switching will not cause the light attenuation phenomenon in ordinary discharge lamps with electrodes. ； 8. Good color rendering and high visible light ratio: The color rendering index is above 80, and the proportion of visible light is high. In the emitted light, the proportion of visible light reaches more than 80%. The visual effect is good, close to natural sunlight, and the light color is soft, showing the natural color of the object being illuminated. ； The color temperature is available in 3500K-6500K, and can be made into colors to meet the color decoration requirements. It can be better coordinated with the atmosphere of the lighting environment and is suitable for lighting requirements in different occasions. 9. EMC electromagnetic interference: pass * * EMC comprehensive testing, passed EU CE and * * EMC detection, no electromagnetic pollution ； Note: What about the electromagnetic compatibility and radiation of high-frequency electrodeless lamps? Since the high-frequency power supply (high-frequency generator) adopts zero-voltage, zero-current and other technologies, the requirements for EMC filtering are reduced. With appropriate secondary common mode and differential mode EMC filtering structure, EMI reaches the international standards EN55015 and GB17743-1999. * * Standard requirements (conduction, radiation). At the same time, it has passed the EU's CE certification. High-frequency induction lamps have no impact on human health when working. ； 10. Convenience of installation: It is not restricted and can be installed in any orientation. Since it has no electrodes, it is not subject to frequent switching. It can meet the needs of different lamp designs and has strong earthquake resistance. ； 11. Meet AC and DC power supply needs: Can be used for AC power or DC power, and can be directly used for solar lighting ； 3. Application fields of high-frequency induction lamps 1. Because high-frequency induction lamps have the above advantages, its comprehensive performance is unmatched by any kind of electric light source. It brings together the advantages of almost all different types of electric light sources. In the future, fluorescent lamps no longer have to be made into long and thin shapes, and will be replaced by induction lamps that are similar in size to white woven lamps. 2. High-frequency induction lamps can be widely used in lighting places such as factories, halls, squares, highways, and lighting projects. It is the lighting product of choice for factories, institutions, schools, venues, stations, docks, airports, highways, tunnels, municipal roads, etc. It is especially suitable for use in places where lighting reliability is high, long-term lighting is required, and it is difficult to repair and replace lamps. 4. Cost-effectiveness of high-frequency electrodeless lamps compared with ordinary electric light sources 1. High-frequency electrodeless lamps require no or less maintenance, are highly reliable, and have a service life of up to 60,000 hours (calculated as 10 hours a day, the lifespan can reach more than 10 years), compared with other lamps: The life span is 60 times that of incandescent lamps, 12 times that of energy-saving lamps, 12 times that of fluorescent lamps, and 20 times that of high-pressure mercury lamps. The ultra-long life of high-frequency induction lamps makes * * Reduces maintenance troubles and replacement times, thereby saving material costs and labor costs, and ensuring long-term normal use ； 2. When the service life and lighting requirements are the same, high-frequency electrodeless lamps can directly save electricity costs compared with other lamps (not including other aspects).: 70%--73% lower than incandescent lamps, 20%--30% lower than energy-saving lamps, 11%--28% lower than fluorescent lamps, 59% lower than high-pressure mercury,…… ； 5. Estimation of the "electricity bill" saved by high-frequency induction lamps 1. The brightness of 85W of high-frequency induction lamps is equivalent to that of 500W of ordinary incandescent lamps. A 500W incandescent lamp uses one kilowatt hour of electricity in two hours, and an 85W electrodeless lamp uses one kilowatt hour of electricity in twelve hours. The comparison saves 5.88 times of electricity. Calculated per 10,000 hours, an incandescent lamp with 500W consumes 5,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity and an 85W electrodeless lamp consumes 833.3 kilowatt-hours of electricity, compared with a power saving of 4,166.7 kilowatt-hours. The electricity cost is 0.6 yuan per kilowatt-hour.: Incandescent lamp 5000 degrees X 0.6 yuan = 3000 yuan, electrodeless lamp 833.3 degrees ； 2. A high-frequency electrodeless lamp is compared with a high-pressure mercury lamp under the same illumination. Suppose: If electricity is used for 10 hours a day, the electricity fee is 1.00 yuan/kWh. The power consumption of the ballast of the high-pressure mercury lamp is calculated as 15% (in fact, it is more than 15%). High frequency induction lamp model and power (W) Equivalent illumination mercury lamp power (W) 1 lamp per day (saving) 1 lamp per month (saving) 1 lamp per year (saving) Electricity (kWh) Amount (yuan) Electricity (kWh) Amount (yuan) Electricity (kWh) Amount (yuan) SW—50 50 175 1.25 1.25 37.5 37.5 450 450 SW—85 85 250 1.65 1.65 49.5 49.5 594 594 SW—100 100 350 2.50 2.50 75 75 900 900 SW—120 120 450 3.30 3.30 99 99 1188 1188 Assumptions: An industrial and mining workshop uses 200 SW-120 (120W) high-frequency induction lamps, then: The annual electricity bill can be saved 1188X0.6 yuan + 1188X0.6 yuan 7. Main performance comparison table between high-frequency induction lamps and other lighting sources Light source name Induction lamp Incandescent lamp Fluorescent lamp High-pressure mercury lamp Tube-shaped 63～80 6.5～19 25～67 30～50 20～37 90～100 60～80 Average life (h) 60000 1000 2000～3000 2500～5000 5000～10000 10000 10000 Color rendering index Ra 88 95～99 70～80 30～40 90～94 20～25 65～85 Start stable time instantaneous 1～3s 4～8min 1～2s 4～8min 4～8min Restart time instantaneous 5～10min Instantaneous 10～20min 10～15min Power factor cosφ 0.98 1 0．4～0.9 0.44 ~ 0.67 0.4 ~ 0.9 0.44 0.6 ~ 0.9 The stroboscopic effect is all obvious and obvious Surface brightness Small size Large Large Large Large Surface temperature below 90℃ High below 90℃ High, high, about 300℃. The impact of high temperature voltage fluctuation on luminous flux. Small, large, large, large, large, large. The impact of ambient temperature on luminous flux. Small, large, small. The visual effect of the ballast ballast trigger is good, generally good, good, yellow, not good. 8. Comparison of the performance of high-frequency induction lamps and metal halide lamps. Project 250W metal halide lamp 85 induction lamp/120 induction lamp advanced comparison. The light source uses the traditional metal halide lamp source electrodeless filament or electrode with electrodes. It adopts smart chip technology and has open circuit and short circuit protection functions. Variable power dimming capability is difficult to achieve (the light efficiency and color rendering index will be greatly reduced if the light is dimmed enough). Continuous power dimming is possible (the light efficiency and color rendering index change are small if the light is dimmed enough). The average life of the light source is 10,000 hours and 60,000 hours. The warranty period is one to three years. The lighting performance affects the life and can be switched on and off frequently without affecting the life (electronic devices). It is equipped with electrical inductance ballasts, compensation capacitors, triggers, and electronic ballasts can also be used. The weight of the high-frequency generator electrical appliance is about 4.5Kg and less than 2.0Kg. The electrical installation and wiring are many and troublesome (maintenance is inconvenient). Simple (maintenance is simple). 9. High-pressure sodium lamp parameter table (the color temperature of ordinary high-pressure sodium lamp is 2000~2100K, and the average color rendering index Ra is: 23～25). Power Supply Voltage Operating Current Rated Light Energy Average Lifetime Rectifier Power Consumption Lamp Head 150W 220V 1.80A 16000Lm 10000H 10～15% E40 250W 220V 3.00A 23000 Lm 10000H 10～15% E40 400W 220V 4.60A 28000 Lm 10000H 10～15% E40 Remarks: 1. Low-power tubular xenon lamps require a ballast, but high-power ones do not. ； 2. Sodium lamps currently need to be started with a trigger. ； 10. The relationship curve between amalgam and lamp body temperature in high-frequency induction lamps: 11. Auxiliary amalgam in high-frequency induction lamps: The function of the auxiliary amalgam (also called indium mesh) is that the indium layer absorbs mercury atoms when the lights are turned off. When the lamp is turned on, the indium layer is heated and releases mercury atoms, which helps the lamp to start, accelerates the establishment of luminous flux, and makes the lamp light up faster. Therefore, the mercury release speed and the total amount of mercury released are the criteria for judging the performance of auxiliary amalgam (indium mesh). In order to achieve the purpose of releasing mercury quickly and in large quantities, indium mesh is required: 1. The heat capacity should be as small as possible, heat quickly, and release mercury quickly. ； 2. The effective area of ​​the indium layer should be as large as possible to release more mercury. ； 3. It has a high radiation coefficient, absorbs the radiant heat energy of the filament quickly, and heats up quickly. In order to ensure that the effective area of ​​the indium layer remains unchanged during the long life of the lamp, the stable temperature of the indium mesh when the lamp is ignited should be reduced as much as possible. Because the stable temperature of the indium mesh is higher than the melting point of indium, it is easy to cause creeping loss of the indium layer, resulting in shrinkage of the effective area and affecting the amount of mercury released. ； The high radiation coefficient and fast heat dissipation can reduce the stable temperature of the indium mesh and reduce the creep and shrinkage of the indium layer. The new high-efficiency auxiliary amalgam uses finer stainless steel wires woven into a cloth mesh to replace the traditional stainless steel mesh with punching holes. For the same geometric size, it has smaller heat capacity and larger effective area. The blackbody indium mesh has a high thermal radiation coefficient. When the lamp is taking off (low temperature), the indium mesh absorbs heat quickly and heats up quickly, which is beneficial to accelerating the release of mercury. When the lamp is ignited normally (high temperature), the black body indium mesh dissipates a lot of heat, which can reduce its own stable temperature and help protect the indium layer, so that the lamp has good take-off performance and lights up quickly. ； At the same time, it also ensures that the lamp always maintains good take-off performance during its long life.