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Research by HYDRO in Norway has found a close relationship between the tank shell temperature and the surrounding air temperature. However, under normal operating conditions, no relationship was found between the total heat flow of the tank shell and the ambient temperature. When forced cooling is applied to the trough shell, it was found that the heat flux and the thickness of the side walls of the trough are affected by the temperature of the trough shell. Conduction, convection, and radiation are the fundamental principles. Within a solid, heat transfer can only occur by conduction. Heat transfer between the fluid and the wall surface includes both convection and conduction, which is referred to as convective heat transfer. For high-temperature walls or fluids, there is also thermal radiation. A comparison chart of the three modes of heat conduction, namely conduction, convection, and radiation. At a tank shell temperature of 100 degrees, the heat flux generated by convection and radiation is q=1000 W/m2 ； However, when the temperature reached 400 degrees, q for radiation convection increased by almost a factor of 10. At this point, radiant heat loss accounts for nearly 65% of the total heat loss. For the conventional groove, located in the middle between the two cradle frames at the position of the electrolyte and the molten aluminum, its Tw=323℃. On the left side of the figure below is the conventional groove, while on the right side are the values of tot, q, and Tw for the groove housing with fins. Calculations and measurements show that the average tank shell temperature Tw is about 20 degrees lower in tanks with radiators compared to conventional tanks℃ ； The heat flux decreased by about 500 W/m2. The conclusion regarding the effect of the cooling fins is that (1) there is no significant increase in heat loss ； (2) It makes the temperature distribution within the tank shell more uniform, thereby preventing localized overheating of the tank shell and resulting deformation.