【Daily Question 20090315】Discussion question on public health issues

The general odor in toilets is usually ammonia, which can cause irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes. Public toilets are extremely smelly because people fail to flush after using them, creating a vicious cycle. Of course, there is also a management issue here; at present, not enough attention is being paid to management, especially the management of public facilities is far from satisfactory. As for public toilets, either there is no water, or the faucets are broken; sometimes the drainage system is blocked, causing sewage to flow everywhere and leaving no place to stand, or the dirty water from upper floors drips down. Furthermore, bad living habits such as spitting everywhere, blowing one’s nose in public, and discarding waste carelessly are not only uncivilized and unhygienic, but more seriously, they spread diseases, affecting people’s health and posing a risk to both oneself and others. In addition to these, there is also the design of public restrooms: the drainage pipes lack P-traps, and the odor-proof water seals are shallow and prone to volatilization, making them easy to fail ； At the same time, it is also necessary to check whether the connection between the drainage hose under the sink and the sewer is tightly sealed. Solutions include: installing a special trap designed for use with the drain, directly inside the drain or in the drainage pipes, without the need to modify the existing drain. This does not affect the drain’s ability to discharge water, is easy to install and yields immediate results. It not only prevents odors but also stops cockroaches from entering, and it is extremely simple to clean – just remove it. In addition, the relevant regulatory authorities should also strengthen public health management and carry out timely clean-ups ； It is also necessary to raise public awareness of the importance of maintaining public health; since others create convenience for us, we should think of them as well, and everyone must take care of the environment together.

Moderator, please provide a link – there are many methods listed there to solve this issue. I have studied it; everyone is welcome to take a look as well. This is definitely not intended as advertising. http://www.bjwly.com/web/index.asp Daily Topics (Environmental management solutions for enterprises) http://bbs.hcbbs.com/thread-415361-1-1.html Everyone is encouraged to leave comments. This post was last edited by lifanwang on 2009-3-15 at 11:18

It’s mainly dry toilets, and the odors are primarily caused by NH3 and H2S. Staying in such an environment for a long time (such as for a toilet attendant) can be harmful to the human body; it’s not a big problem in the short term. The main measure is to change to hydraulic flushing. I also remember there being a type of eco-friendly toilet that uses very little water and can generate biogas for lighting; I’m not exactly sure of the details though.

Old-fashioned public toilets, being non-flush and enclosed, have a strong smell of urine ammonia and feces. These days, flush toilets are generally used; this is mainly because users are rude and fail to flush in time or stand too far away from the toilet, causing urine to spill on the floor. Over time, as the water evaporates, an ammonia smell is released. Ammonia causes irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes, but since its concentration is not very high, it only causes irritation. It generally does not cause serious harm to people. Solution: 1. Improve the civic civilization level (this is a long process, but it will gradually improve over time). 2. Strengthen the management of public toilets, repair damaged facilities promptly, and keep them clean. Additionally, ventilation must be provided in the design of public toilets, and drainage can be arranged under grills at the area where people stand beside urinals.

Old-fashioned public toilets, being non-flush and enclosed, have a strong smell of urine ammonia and feces. These days, flush toilets are generally used; this is mainly because users are rude and fail to flush in time or stand too far away from the toilet, causing urine to spill on the floor. Over time, as the water evaporates, an ammonia smell is released. Ammonia causes irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes, but since its concentration is not very high, it only causes irritation. It generally does not cause serious harm to people. Solution: 1. Improve the civic civilization level (this is a long process, but it will gradually improve over time). 2. Strengthen the management of public toilets, repair damaged facilities promptly, and keep them clean. Additionally, ventilation must be provided in the design of public toilets, and drainage can be arranged under grills at the area where people stand beside urinals.

Old-fashioned public toilets, being non-flush and enclosed, have a strong smell of urine ammonia and feces. These days, flush toilets are generally used; this is mainly because users are rude and fail to flush in time or stand too far away from the toilet, causing urine to spill on the floor. Over time, as the water evaporates, an ammonia smell is released. Ammonia causes irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes, but since its concentration is not very high, it only causes irritation. It generally does not cause serious harm to people. Solution: 1. Improve the civic civilization level (this is a long process, but it will gradually improve over time). 2. Strengthen the management of public toilets, repair damaged facilities promptly, and keep them clean. Additionally, ventilation must be provided in the design of public toilets, and drainage can be arranged under grills at the area where people stand beside urinals.

The types are mainly unattended toilets, poorly maintained toilets, and toilets without water for flushing. The unpleasant odors in toilets are mainly caused by NH3 and H2S, which can cause irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes. Control method: Replace non-flush toilets with flush toilets ； If the water volume is not sufficient for flushing, use a larger amount of water or other water-saving methods for flushing. This post was last edited by wanmh on 2009-3-15 12:26.]

Some additional information about the upstairs: there are also toilets where people defecate and urinate anywhere. The unpleasant odor in the toilet is also caused by pests. Control method: It is also necessary to empty the manure regularly; the septic tank must not stay full all the time! ! !

The unpleasant odors in toilets are mainly caused by NH3 and H2S, which have a direct impact on the sense of smell; severe odor problems in toilets can cause irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes. The main cause of unpleasant odors in toilets is poorly maintained toilets or toilets that lack water for flushing. Control method: Replace non-flush toilets with flush toilets ； Strengthen the management of face-to-face interactions, as there are dedicated personnel responsible for overseeing it.

Some toilets are built very simply, lacking flushing facilities； Additionally, lack of maintenance and a lack of civic awareness among some people can also cause toilets to smell bad. Due to feces that were not flushed in time and the inability to isolate the septic tank, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and other foul-smelling gases emitted by the feces filled the toilet. These odors are highly irritating and harmful to human eyes and respiratory tract, and may also cause skin allergies and inflammation. To control the odor in toilets, it is first necessary to build them properly, installing flushing equipment in accordance with current standards. The toilet bowls should be connected to septic tanks through sewage pipes, so as to separate the septic tanks from the toilets. There should also be dedicated personnel responsible for cleaning, and people should be encouraged to take care of public hygiene.

The unpleasant odor in toilets is mainly caused by ammonia, which can cause irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes. The type is mainly toilets without water flushing. The types are mainly unattended toilets, poorly maintained toilets, and toilets without water for flushing. Methods of control: Replace non-toilet flushing with toilet flushing, improve ventilation, and use specialized deodorization equipment, etc

Especially those small toilets that have been leased out to private owners next to bus stations – they only care about collecting money and don’t pay any attention to the condition of those toilets at all. Public toilets on the street are okay as long as there are people to clean them.

Almost all types of public toilets have an unpleasant odor and are pungent, mainly due to substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The main reasons for this are inadequate cleaning, poor ventilation, and the fermentation of certain residues, which creates a vicious cycle that results in those foul smells. As a supplementary point to clear up some misconceptions: Are public toilets the dirtiest public areas? 　　In the eyes of most people, public toilets have always been considered the public areas with the highest levels of bacteria. But to what extent is the common sense of the majority actually true? Over the years, various studies have shown that public toilets are not the dirtiest, at least compared to other public areas. 　　One of the most extensive and influential studies on this view was published in the recent issue of the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. A group of scientists spent four years collecting nearly 1,100 samples from airports, restaurants, offices, bathrooms, and other places in four cities in the United States. Scientists carefully studied the levels of bacterial presence, as well as representative biomarkers such as residual sweat, hemoglobin, and urea. 　　The areas most frequently affected by pollution are sports fields and day care centers, with a pollution index of 46%. Public toilets are far behind, with a pollution index of 25%, ahead of handrails on public transportation vehicles (such as buses) and shopping cart handles (around 21% for each). Following closely are escalator handrails (19%), vending machine buttons (14%), and pay phones (13%). 　　Studies have also found that in about 86% of contacts, surface contaminants are transferred to a person’s hands, and in 82% of contacts, contaminants are transferred to personal items. 　　However, other studies have also produced reliable findings. For example, most studies show that the risk of transmission and illness is low, and washing with soap and water can further reduce this risk by about 50%. 　　In terms of the pollution index, public toilets are at least not the dirtiest; they rank after sports stadiums and only ahead of public handrails.

Mainly, the lack of timely cleaning and rinsing leads to the formation of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia; their toxicity is moderate, and they mainly irritate the human sense of smell.

The primary offensive odor is usually ammonia, which causes irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes. Public toilets are extremely smelly because people fail to flush after using them, creating a vicious cycle. Of course, there is also a management issue here; at present, not enough attention is being paid to management, especially the management of public facilities is far from satisfactory. As for public toilets, either there is no water, or the faucets are broken; sometimes the drainage system is blocked, causing sewage to flow everywhere and leaving no place to stand, or the dirty water from upper floors drips down. Furthermore, bad living habits such as spitting everywhere, blowing one’s nose in public, and discarding waste carelessly are not only uncivilized and unhygienic, but more seriously, they spread diseases, affecting people’s health and posing a risk to both oneself and others. In addition to these, there is also the design of public restrooms: the drainage pipes lack P-traps, and the odor-proof water seals are shallow and prone to volatilization, making them easy to fail ； At the same time, it is also necessary to check whether the connection between the drainage hose under the sink and the sewer is tightly sealed. Solutions include: installing a special trap designed for use with the drain, directly inside the drain or in the drainage pipes, without the need to modify the existing drain. This does not affect the drain’s ability to discharge water, is easy to install and yields immediate results. It not only prevents odors but also stops cockroaches from entering, and it is extremely simple to clean – just remove it. In addition, the relevant regulatory authorities should also strengthen public health management and carry out timely clean-ups ； It is also necessary to raise public awareness of the importance of maintaining public health; since others create convenience for us, we should think of them as well, and everyone must take care of the environment together.

My answer: The odor in toilets is usually caused by ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other organic sulfides, as well as organic nitrogen. Public toilets are extremely smelly because the toilets are not flushed after use. Solutions include using bends as water seals for the pipes. Strengthen the management of public health, carry out timely clean-ups, and raise public awareness of maintaining public health :lol :lol :lol

Public toilets have a terrible smell mainly due to inadequate flushing; many people fail to flush after using the toilet. This may be caused by poor management of these public toilets, resulting in water shortages, damaged faucets, and clogged sewers； But the key issue is still the quality problem – there is no sense of public morality. The main improvement method is to strengthen public health management and carry out timely cleaning ； Raise public awareness of the importance of maintaining public health; since others make things convenient for us, we should also think of others, and it is everyone’s responsibility to take care of our shared environment.

It’s still usually a problem with hardware and software; after all, even if there is an unpleasant odor, it’s harmless to the body, but it can cause significant mental distress. There are many new technologies, processes, and materials available that can be used to build excellent new toilets, but it depends on whether there’s willingness to invest in them. Of course, once new toilets are in place, proper management is needed as well, and the public must take care of them.

The foul odor in public toilets is mainly caused by H2S and NH3, which originate from the feces accumulated in the toilet bowls, the urine stored in the urinal bowls, and the urine deposits attached to them. The generation amount and concentration of H2S and NH3 are related to factors such as the hygiene conditions in the toilet, ventilation, temperature, and humidity. Foul odors spread through the wind, and their intensity can be classified into six levels: Level 0, odorless ； Level 1: A slight odor can be barely detected ； Level 2: A slight odor is easily noticeable ； Level 3: An obvious odor is felt ； Level 4, extremely strong odor ； Level 5: The unbearable stench has an impact on the human respiratory system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and nervous system. High concentrations of foul odors can also cause pulmonary edema in those who are exposed to them, leading even to death from asphyxiation. Prolonged and repeated exposure to foul-smelling substances can also cause olfactory fatigue, leading to loss of the sense of smell. Solutions can include improving management, maintaining good environmental hygiene, enhancing ventilation, and spraying deodorants. http://bbs.hcbbs.com/viewthread.php?tid=195225&pid=2225493&page=1&extra=page%3D1#pid2225493

Mainly toilets and dry toilets that are unmanaged or poorly managed. The unpleasant odors in toilets are mainly caused by NH3 and H2S, which can cause irritating damage to the skin, respiratory tract, and eyes. Control method: Replace non-flush toilets with flush toilets ； If the water volume is not sufficient for flushing, use a larger amount of water or other water-saving methods for flushing.