Basic knowledge of compensators

79 What are the requirements for pipeline layout regarding compensators? Answer: (l) When the geometric shape of the piping system is constrained by equipment layout or other factors, and the compensation capacity is insufficient, compensators should be installed at appropriate locations within the piping system. (2) The distance between the “Π”-shaped compensator and a fixed point should not be less than one-third of the distance between the two fixed points. (3) The installation of unrestrained metal bellows compensators shall meet the following requirements: 1) Only one compensator may be installed between two fixed supports ； 2) The pipeline must be strictly protected; in particular, guide frames should be installed near the compensator. The distance between the first guide frame and the compensator should be less than or equal to 4 times the nominal diameter, while the distance between the second guide frame and the first one should be less than or equal to 14 times the nominal diameter. This is to prevent bending or radial displacement of the pipeline from causing damage to the compensator. (4) Metal flexible hoses for seismic protection of storage tanks should be installed in the pipelines in front of the tanks when the seismic intensity is 7 degrees or higher, uneven settlement occurs, and the nominal diameter is 150 mm or greater. The diameter of the metal flexible hose should not be smaller than the diameter of the inlet and outlet pipes of the storage tank. The flexible metal hose should be installed between the first valve and the second valve, near the tank wall. Introduction to bellows compensators: Bellows compensators, also known as expansion joints, are primarily used to ensure the safe operation of pipelines. 　　Working principle of the wave compensator: The main elastic element of the wave compensator is a stainless steel bellows, which relies on the expansion and bending of this bellows to provide axial, lateral, and angular compensation for the pipeline. Its functions include: 1. Compensating for the axial, lateral, and angular thermal deformation of the absorption pipeline. 　　2. Absorb equipment vibrations and reduce the impact of such vibrations on the pipelines. 　　3. Absorb the deformation of pipelines caused by earthquakes and land subsidence.

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