Introduction to the synthesis ammonia process using water-coal slurry

1. Convert raw coal into water-coal slurry; use air separation to produce oxygen and nitrogen. 2. Oxidize the water-coal slurry with oxygen to obtain crude syngas. 3. Convert the crude syngas to produce hydrogen. 4. Purify the converted gas by removing CO2 and H2S; for large-scale processes, NHD or methanol washing can be used, while for smaller-scale processes, potassium alkali washing or copper washing is applicable. 5. Refine the syngas: those with sufficient resources use liquid nitrogen washing along with nitrogen addition, while those without such resources first add nitrogen and then carry out methanation. 6. Pressurize the syngas. 7. Produce synthetic ammonia from the syngas

This technology is based on the digestion and adoption of the Texaco Pulverized Coal Slurry Pressurized Gasification Package (POP) as well as key valves and instruments for gasification; it combines this with independently developed NHD-based gas purification technologies for desulfurization and decarbonization to carry out the overall engineering design and develop a complete set of equipment. The main components of the entire new process are Texaco water-coal slurry gasification, sulfur-resistant shift reaction, NHD-based desulfurization and decarburization, and the production of synthetic ammonia in an axial radial synthesis tower. In terms of Texaco’s water-coal slurry gasification technology, based on Texaco’s techniques, seven key technologies were independently developed, including self-regulation of the oxygen-to-carbon ratio, control of vacuum flash evaporation liquid levels, slag skimming machines, and ball mills with rubber linings. Innovations were also made in areas such as wear resistance for high, medium, and low pressure flash evaporation pipelines. In terms of gas purification, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether was identified as a suitable solvent, and a process for producing NHD solvent using polyethylene glycol was developed and put into industrial use. The new NHD-based desulfurization and decarbonization purification process utilizes sulfur-resistant shift catalysts primarily made from domestic cobalt and molybdenum. The entire industrial process is well-designed, featuring energy efficiency and a relatively simplified flow. The degree of localization of its equipment reaches 70%, and the overall level of the project is at the international advanced stage, filling a gap in domestic capabilities. This coal-to-syngas technology will play an important role in the development of fields such as coal chemical industry, carbon-based chemistry, and combined cycle power generation using gasification. In particular, using this technology to upgrade large and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizer plants holds broad prospects as well as significant economic and social benefits.

The typical components of an apparatus for producing synthetic ammonia from water-coal slurry include: Texaco water-coal slurry gasification, sulfur-resistant shift reaction, NHD for desulfurization and decarburization, and a shaft-radial synthesis tower for synthesizing ammonia.

For a capacity of 240,000 tons per year or more, the process scheme is as follows: (1) Gasification: Pressurized water-coal slurry gasification is used. It is recommended to use a four-nozzle gasification furnace, with a gasification pressure of 6.5 MPa. (2) Shift reaction: sulfur-resistant shift reaction should be used; for ammonia synthesis, a medium-high temperature low-pressure shift process shall be employed, while for methanol production, a gas distribution process should be used. (3) Purification: The most advanced low-temperature methanol washing process with domestic patents is employed. (4) The final purification of ammonia synthesis gas employs a liquid nitrogen washing process. (5) The ammonia synthesis gas compressor is a centrifugal compressor unit driven by a fully condensed steam turbine, integrated with the cycle machine. (6) Ammonia synthesis employs the Topsoe or Cassali synthesis technology. For purification scales of 240,000 tons or less, NHD desulfurization and decarbonization can be used, while methanation processes can be employed for gas purification; for gasification scales of 180,000 tons or less, oxygen-enriched gasification processes can be utilized.

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Gas production from water-coal slurry: ammonia synthesis combined with methanol production – Gasification a) Preparation of coal slurry The raw coal delivered by the coal transportation system, on a dry basis…

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