Regarding thin-film thermal resistors

　Thin-film platinum resistance temperature sensors: In the early 20th century, the development of platinum resistance temperature sensing technology, which combined the advantages of both thermocouple and thermistor technologies while overcoming their shortcomings, brought new opportunities for the advancement of temperature sensing. It measures temperature by taking advantage of the principle that the resistance value of platinum changes in a basically linear manner with temperature within a certain temperature range, and it boasts many technical advantages such as good stability, a wide measurement range, high precision, and good repeatability. After its release, the product quickly captured a certain market share. However, due to the high cost of wire-wound platinum resistors, which were the first to be developed for such applications, their practical use remains limited. 　　In the mid-1990s, with the introduction of thin-film technology, the major manufacturers of temperature sensors around the world developed thin-film platinum resistor products. This product retains the performance advantages of traditional wire-wound platinum resistors, while at the same time **reducing production costs and enabling mass production. This completely eliminated the bottleneck that hindered the widespread use of platinum resistors, and they quickly replaced traditional temperature sensing elements such as thermistors and thermocouples in many fields. As soon as it was released, the product quickly dominated the market. To date, it has continued to maintain a high growth rate of over 9% per year. At present, there are only a few companies in the world that possess the technology for thin-film platinum resistance elements. To maintain a monopoly on this technology, the vast majority of these companies implement strict confidentiality measures. Most manufacturers still need to purchase components to assemble probes; otherwise, they are unable to produce qualified temperature sensors or probes. 　　CRZ membrane platinum resistance chip (Japan) (Supplier’s website: Hanaeda Instruments www.ftco01.cn) The CRZ platinum film platinum resistance chip is a product of the revolutionary development in temperature sensors. State-of-the-art high-tech methods are employed, such as laser spraying, microphotography, and photolithography techniques. The resistance value is fine-tuned through digital adjustment, thereby providing the most accurate resistance value. 　　1: Technical performance description 　　l The product’s performance meets the relevant standards specified in IEC751-1995 and JIS1604. 　　l Temperature coefficient: R100/R0=1.3851 　　l Strict quality control is applied, and the exact resistance value of each component at 0 °C is indicated. 　　l Thin-film platinum resistance elements are made from ceramic and platinum, which enables them to maintain excellent stability at high temperatures; they are suitable for use in temperatures ranging from -50 ℃ to 400 ℃. 　　l The platinum film is applied to the surface of the ceramic using laser sputtering, thanks to which these thin-film platinum resistance elements possess good vibration and shock resistance. 　　l The film surface is covered with ceramic, enabling the component to withstand high voltages and provide good insulation.
l Platinum thermistor chips are available in Pt100, Pt500, and Pt1000 versions.
l Accuracy: Grades A and B; a more precise 1/3B grade is also available for users to choose from. 　　2: Specifications of CRZ series products Model Division number Specified current Accuracy Dimensions CRZ1632-100 Pt100 1mA A 1.6X3.2X1.0 CRZ2005-100 Pt100 1mA A 2.0X5.0X1.0 CRZ1632-100 Pt500 1mA A 2.0X5.0X1.0 CRZ1632-100 Pt1000 1mA A 2.0X5.0X1.0 Temperature operating range: -50 ℃ to 450 ℃ Accuracy: Class A, Class B; there is also the more precise 1/3B class Specified current (mA): 2mA (maximum) Lead material: Platinum alloy. 　　3: Specifications of CRX series products (cylindrical type)
Model, Division number, Specified current, Number of chips included, Dimensions
CRX2805-100 Pt100, 1mA, 1xPt100, Φ2.8X5
CRX3208-100 Pt100, 1mA, 1xPt100, Φ3.2X5
CRX3208-100-D Pt100, 1mA, 2xPt100, Φ3.2X8

Temperature measurement range: -50℃ to 400℃
Accuracy: Class A, Class B
Specified current: 2mA (maximum)
Lead material: Palladium alloy
Lead dimensions: CRX-2805 – 0.15X0.25X10mm; CRX-3208 – 0.20X0.3X8mm

4: Accuracy
Accuracy tolerance, Tolerance of resistance value at 0℃, Thermal resistance coefficient (α) (Ohm/Ohm/deg.C)
1/3B: +/-(0.1+0.0017t), +/-0.04 Ohm; 0.003851+/-0.000004
A: +/-(0.15+0.002t), +/-0.06 Ohm; 0.003851+/-0.000005
B: +/-(0.3+0.005t), +/-0.12 Ohm; 0.003851+/-0.000012
2B: +/-(0.6+0.01t), +/-0.25 Ohm; 0.003851+/-0.000024

Note: Models 1/3B and 2B are only manufactured by Nissha Corporation.

5: Stability description
Continuous heating for 1000 hours at 400℃
The error range of CRZ1632 at 0℃ is within 0.008 Ohm (0.02℃). 　　6: Automatic heating 　　Since an electric current passing through a resistive element causes it to heat up, it is specified that the current should be less than 1 mA. 　　7: Application areas 　　l CRZ membrane platinum resistance chips are widely used in the instrument manufacturing industry around the world, for producing various temperature sensors. 　　l They are particularly suitable for research fields and industrial applications where high precision in temperature measurement is required. 　　l They are extensively used in the manufacture of temperature sensors for residential heating systems and heat pump systems worldwide. 　　l They are applied in the temperature control of central air conditioning systems. 　　l They are also used in other areas related to temperature measurement and control. (PH value temperature compensation, etc.)