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Regular lubrication and maintenance of bearings: Proper lubrication and maintenance can help achieve the maximum service life of bearings. 1. Grease lubrication Bearing lubrication should be carried out during planned equipment shutdowns, with regular replenishment; at the same time, the old grease should be removed or forced out through the drain port. The oil injection nozzle should be wiped clean before adding fresh oil. If the bearing housing does not have an oil filling port, the housing cover or end cap should be opened in order to remove the old grease. After cleaning, fresh grease of the same type should be added. 2. Lubrication with lubricating oil Regularly check the level and quality of the lubricating oil. Under normal circumstances, the appropriate oil level should be within the range of 1/3 to 2/3 of the level indicated on the device’s oil level gauge. The oil refilling method – based on the oil level indicated by the oil cup – only reflects the capacity for refilling oil; it is the oil level in the axle box that determines whether the requirements for equipment operation can be met. Refilling oil can be considered when the oil level in the cup is below 1/4 of its total capacity. For inspection and oil top-up, take a small amount of lubricant as a sample to compare it with fresh lubricant; organizations with the necessary capabilities may consider conducting oil quality tests to ensure that the oil meets the required standards. If the sample appears cloudy, it may be due to mixing with water, which is what is commonly referred to as oil emulsification; in such a case, a new lubricant should be used. If the sample turns darker in color or becomes thicker, it may indicate that the lubricant has begun to carbonize, and the old lubricant should be completely replaced. If possible, use fresh lubricant to clean the oil circuit. When changing the lubricant, ensure that the new lubricant is of the same model as the old one, and top it up to the required oil level. With an oil bath lubrication system, if the oil temperature is below 60°C (140°F) and the lubricating oil is not contaminated, it is sufficient to change the lubricating oil once a year. If the oil temperature is between 60-100°C (140-210°F), the lubricant needs to be replaced four times a year. If the oil temperature is between 100-120°C (210-250°F), the lubricant needs to be replaced once a month. If the oil temperature is above 120°C (250°F), the lubricating oil needs to be replaced once a week. Proper installation and maintenance are important factors for the proper operation of bearings; at the same time, it is essential to keep the bearings clean. Bearings must be protected from contamination by pollutants and moisture, and must be installed and lubricated properly. Additionally, the bearing series selected during design, the condition of the oil seals, the type of lubricant along with its replacement schedule, and proper maintenance all play important roles and must be given due attention.