Question about stainless steel grades

Also, what exactly is SS316L, and is it different from 316L?

316L: 18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo, low carbon. As the low-C version of the 316 steel series, 316L possesses the same properties as 316 steel, in addition to having an improved resistance to intergranular corrosion. Among the applications of 316 steel, there are products that require special resistance to intergranular corrosion. Chemical composition: (Unit: wt%) SUS316: C ≤0.08, Si ≤1.00, Mn ≤2.00, P ≤0.045, S ≤0.030; Cr 16.0–18.0, Ni 10.0–14.0; others: Mo: 2–3. Mechanical properties: TYPE: SUS316; YS (Mpa) ≥205, TS (Mpa) ≥520, EL (%) ≥40, Hv ≤200. Reference: 304L is a variant of 304 stainless steel with a lower carbon content, and it is used in applications that require welding. The lower carbon content minimizes the precipitation of carbides in the heat-affected zone near the weld, and the precipitation of carbides can lead to intergranular corrosion (weld erosion) in stainless steel under certain conditions. 304L: 18Cr-8Ni-low carbon. As a low-C version of 304 steel, under normal conditions its corrosion resistance is similar to that of 304 steel; however, after welding or stress relief, it exhibits excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion ； It maintains good corrosion resistance even without heat treatment, and can be used at temperatures ranging from -196°C to 800°C. Applied to outdoor machinery in the chemical, coal, and petroleum industries where high resistance to intergranular corrosion is required, as well as to heat-resistant components in building materials and components for which heat treatment is difficult. 410L: 13Cr-low C – Based on 410 steel, it has a reduced carbon content; it offers excellent workability, resistance to welding deformation, and resistance to high-temperature oxidation. Mechanical components, engine exhaust pipes, boiler combustion chambers, burners.

Is there anyone who knows something about stainless steel according to European standards? :Q

What is the difference in price between different categories of stainless steel? ? What’s the current price of the 316L type? Who can tell me, thanks!

Differences in Cr content: Steel grade, Cr content, Standard: 06Cr19Ni10 – 18.0~20.0%; GB/T4237-07. American standard 304 – 18.0~20.0%; @@@/A240. SUS304 – 18.0~20.0%; JIS G4305. 1.4301 – 18.0~20.0%; EN 10028.

Differences in Ni content in 304L: Steel grade, Ni content, Standard: 022Cr19Ni10 – 8.0-12.0%; GB/T4237-07. American standard 304L – 8.0-12.0%; @@@/A240. 1.4306 – 8.0-12.0%; EN 10028. JIS SUS304L – 9.0-13.0%; JIS G4305.

Differences in Ni content in 321: Steel grade, Ni content, Standard: 0Cr18Ni10Ti – 9.0-12.0%; GB/T4237-92. Ti≥C×5. 06Cr18Ni11Ti – 9.0-12.0%; GB/T4237-07. 321 – 9.0-12.0%; @@@/A240. 1.4541 – 9.0-12.0%; EN 10028. SUS321 – 9.0-13.0%; JIS G4305.

Differences in Ni content in 316L: Steel grade, Ni content, Standard: 022Cr17Ni12MO2 – 10.0-14.0%; GB/T4237-07. 316L – 10.0-14.0%; @@@/A240. 1.4404 – 10.0-14.0%; EN 10028. SUS316L – 12.0-15.0%; JIS G4305

Yes, the difference is significant – there are varying thicknesses and different compliance standards. At the bottom of the list on page 7, there is an indication of the difference in Ni content for 316L; the Ni content specified there is higher than that required by other standards. According to the national standard 4237-92, the Ni content in 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 ranges from 12% to 15%. Plates made to this standard are now rarely available on the market; any stock that exists must be ordered directly from steel mills. For these two types of plates (SUS316L and 00Cr17Ni14Mo2), Taiyuan Iron and Steel’s factory price is 4,000 yuan per ton higher than that of plates made to the 316L and 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 standards; thus, an additional cost is applied. :)

For the heater tube bundle in seawater heat exchangers (seawater – steam at a low temperature and vacuum condition of 50 degrees Celsius), titanium tubes are still recommended. There are already many successful cases in this area. For example: power plants that use seawater as a cooling medium.

These are two ways of writing it, both referring to the same type of material.

The grades of materials and raw materials specified by the poster are likely those in accordance with European standards, which are used in standard components. The materials with grade A5-80 are the ones that are most in line with national standards. For bolts, refer to GB/T3098.6; for nuts, refer to GB/T3098.15. Differences among stainless steel standard parts: 1. Materials of different grade grades have different chemical compositions, as well as different mechanical properties. 2. The same grade of material has identical chemical composition. However, the mechanical properties vary depending on the different treatments applied to the material. 3. For the same grade of material, variations in mechanical properties can occur due to different dimensional standards for standard components used, as well as differences in thread types.