The issue of connecting the tube sheet to the heat exchange tubes in heat exchangers
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When heat exchange tubes are joined to tube sheets by expansion welding, using the flush expansion method, what is the typical pulling force? Are there any technical specifications for this?
Per Specification Article 105: expansion under load is 1 MPa, and strength under expansion is 4 MPa.
Take the average of more than 5 samples; the expansion under pressure is 1 MPa, and the strength under expansion is 4 MPa.