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Overview Pharmaceutical production process water can be divided into raw medicinal water and preparation water. Preparation water is divided into oral medicinal water and injection medicinal water. Except for tap water, which can be used for ingredients of raw materials, pure water must be used for the rest. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a high-precision technology for water treatment. It has been widely used in my country's pharmaceutical industry since the mid-1990s. Its use has greatly extended the regeneration cycle of traditional ion exchange equipment, reduced acid and alkali emissions, and beneficially protected the ecological environment. With the in-depth implementation of the "Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceutical Products" (GMP) technical standards, many pharmaceutical factories across the country have successively carried out technological transformation and introduced advanced foreign technology and equipment. RO water treatment technology and equipment have gradually been adopted by the pharmaceutical industry. 1 Commonly used reverse osmosis water treatment process solutions 2 Problems in the application of reverse osmosis equipment Reverse osmosis desalination has unique characteristics and advantages compared with other desalination devices, such as evaporators, electrodialysis, bed recombination, etc., and the localization of reverse osmosis has also received increasing attention. As the application of reverse osmosis technology increases, the problems that arise are becoming increasingly serious. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the application of reverse osmosis water treatment devices. A total of 99 sets of RO water treatment devices in various industries across the country have been collected. Among them, 76 sets are fully imported from abroad, 13 sets are composed of part domestically produced and part imported equipment, and 10 sets are all domestically produced. After compilation and research, it was found that the normal utilization rate of a complete set of imported equipment is 30%; the normal utilization rate of partially domestically produced and partially imported equipment is 60%; and the normal utilization rate of a complete set of domestically produced equipment is 10%. The above-mentioned problems mainly arise from the following reasons: ① Due to the different raw water quality, the complete set of imported equipment lacks technical demonstration and process modification, and is copied and copied, which is not suitable for the actual situation in my country. Therefore, reverse osmosis incoming water must be pretreated according to the different quality of raw water to meet the equipment's requirements for incoming water quality. ②Some companies with poor technical capabilities do not understand the reasonable selection of membrane elements and their number in reverse osmosis devices, and the reasonable arrangement of membrane elements, causing some membrane elements to operate under abnormal conditions. ③The quality of domestic membranes is not up to standard. The quality of the membrane directly affects the removal rate of salt and other impurities. The Filmtec composite membrane produced by the Dow Chemical Company of the United States has a stable rejection rate of more than 90%. ④Operational management is lax. When the system is running, the pressure must be within the tolerable working pressure range of the membrane to prevent excessive strength and overload operation, which may cause mechanical damage to the membrane and lead to leakage. After the reverse osmosis system has been running for a period of time, the water production volume drops sharply, the water quality deteriorates, or the pressure difference increases, it means that the membrane needs to be cleaned. At this time, the machine should be converted to cleaning status, so that the system can clean itself, and the membrane function can be restored. 3. Technical improvements to the design of mechanical filters. The main reason for the low normal usage rate of imported equipment is that the pretreatment equipment does not incorporate the characteristics of poor raw water quality in my country. The backwash of the mechanical filter is incomplete, the upper filter sand is agglomerated, and the SDI (pollution index) rises, causing fouling of the membrane and affecting system operation. RO devices generally require SDI