Regarding the installation of rain shelters

At present, a considerable number of rotary kilns do not have rain shelters. Whenever it rains, this causes difficulties in the normal baking process: the fuel gets wet from the rain, which affects its combustion efficiency, leading to fuel waste and an impact on product quality. Not only that, in wheel kilns without rain shelters, it is difficult for the firing workers to determine the firing temperature when the sun is strong, which often leads to misjudgments and affects the quality of firing. To eliminate the adverse effects of rain on the baking process and improve bakers’ ability to determine the optimal baking temperature, we designed and installed movable rain shelters; after proper use, satisfactory results were achieved. During the design of the rain shelter, we analyzed various factors that affect the baking process, and concluded that such a shelter should possess the following characteristics: ① durability ； ②One person can move the roasting machine ； ③It provides good rain and sun protection ； ④Has windproof (against blowing) functionality ； ⑤It is designed according to the slope of the kiln roof to ensure the parallelism of the rain shelter. First, level the areas where the rain shelter is compressed, located 250–500 mm outside the fire openings on both sides of the kiln roof surface (in the longitudinal direction), to ensure the stability of the rain shelter and facilitate its movement. 1. Materials required: 3 thick-walled steel pipes with a diameter of approximately 1 inch and a length of around 7000 mm (the length depends on the horizontal width of the flues on either side of the kiln roof; each side should be 400 mm wider than the corresponding flue), to be used to create supports with domed shapes. 4 pieces of thick-walled steel pipes, approximately 1 inch in diameter and 3000–4800 mm in length (the length depending on the horizontal width of the burners on either side of the kiln roof, with each side being 400 mm wider than the burner), are used as crossbeams to support the vertical members on both sides; the remaining 1 piece is used as a push rod for the movable rain shelter. 7 pieces? Thick-walled steel pipes with a diameter of approximately 6 mm and a length of 5500 mm are used as connection pipes to link the three rows of supports together. 2 pieces? Near-16 round steel, 100 mm in length. 2 pieces? Steel pipes with a diameter of almost 6 mm and a length of 100 mm. 1 piece? Near-14 round steel, 200 mm in length. 6 square iron plates, 4 mm thick, 100 mm×100 mm each. 6 drive wheels (purchased from the market). Blue plastic tarpaulin 7000 mm (with fiber layer in the middle). 2 Manufacturing method a. First, prepare 4 crossbeams measuring 1 inch in length; based on the horizontal width of the flue openings on both sides of the kiln roof, cut the ends of the steel pipes such that they are 400 mm longer than the width of those flue openings. b. Take a 7000 mm long steel pipe with a diameter of approximately 1 inch; starting from one end, measure 1700 mm to locate the pillar for the support structure, and slowly bend it at this point (it is easier to do this by first drawing a scale diagram on a flat surface and following that diagram). This will create a support structure with a semi-circular arch, the highest point of which is around 300–400 mm above the crossbeam. The height of the pillar at the other end should be increased appropriately depending on the slope of the kiln roof, in order to ensure that the rain shelter remains parallel. c. Weld the two ends of the crossbeam to the two bending points of the bracket, namely the support bracket columns at the 1700 mm bending point. d. Weld the center of the crossbeam to the vertical tie rod at the center of the semicircle, and weld diagonal tie rods that divide the two halves of the semicircle equally on either side of its center, connecting them to the vertical tie rod in the middle. e. Connect the scaffold columns to the beams using diagonal braces; these braces should be long enough to enhance strength, and the three rows of scaffolding should be welded together one after another. f. Erect the three rows of brackets that have been welded at equal intervals, based on the length of the connecting pipes. ①At the intersections of the crossbeams and columns on both sides of the bracket, pipes are weldedly connected at the semi-circular corners; these connection pipes must be level when welded to the brackets at both ends, and must not extend beyond the brackets. Meanwhile, the diagonal tension bars (vertical) between the connection pipes and the columns are also welded in place ； ②Welding center connection pipe (on the inside of the semicircle) ； ③Weld the pipes on both sides of the half-circle center together (inside the half-circle) in equal portions ； ④Weld the connecting pipe at 500 mm above the ground on both sides (on the inside of the support) ； ⑤Weld diagonal tension bars (longitudinal) between the connection pipe and the column. g. Install the movable push-pull crossbeam. ①Weld steel pipes that are 6 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length at a distance of 1000 mm above the ground level (horizontally), on the inside of the columns on either side of the support at one end (vertical welding) ； ②Weld 100 mm long pieces of 16-mm diameter round steel at both ends of the remaining quasi-1-inch steel tube crossbeams, at a 90° right angle to the steel tubes, to serve as push rods ； ③Insert the round steel bars at both ends of the push rod into the 6-inch pipes in the side columns; hold the middle part of the push rod while moving it in order to move the rain shelter ； ④On the pillar at one side of the support in the rain shelter, a hook at the same height as the 6-inch pipe attached to the pillar is welded on; the push-pull rod can be removed when not in use. One end of the crossbar is inserted into the 6-inch pipe, while the other end is hung on the hook, allowing for flexible operation. 3 Installation of the traveling wheels: Take 6 iron plates measuring 100 mm×100 mm, drill holes in them according to the pattern of the fixing plates for universal wheels available on the market (whose wheel brackets can rotate 360°), determine the center point of each of these drilled iron plates, and weld them to the bottom of each pillar. Then, fix the universal wheels in place using bolts, and the scaffolding is complete. Apply two coats of rust-proof paint to the trellis, followed by one coat of protective paint. 4 Installation of the tarpaulin: The rainproof tarpaulin is glued in place according to the dimensions and shape of the rainproof frame. Several loops can be made at the bottom edges on both sides of the tarpaulin; it is then placed over the frame and secured with ropes. Additionally, several ropes are tied from the bottom edge on one side of the tarpaulin, across the top, to the bottom edge on the other side, in order to secure the tarpaulin. 5 Wind protection measures: Since the rain shelter is located above the kiln, it is easily blown by the wind; therefore, weights are added at each end on both sides, with each weight weighing around 20 kg. These weights are installed when there is wind, and can be removed when there is no wind to facilitate movement. Upon use, the rain shelter can cover 6 rows of firing ports; the baking zone can be largely shaded, providing good rain protection as well as effective sun shading, and the quality of baking is also improved

The current situation is as follows: there is an underground tank, and to prevent rainwater from entering, it is necessary to install a rain shelter. How should this be arranged in such a case?

A steel structure railway overpass rain shelter consists of a roof and supporting columns, etc. Its features include: common supporting columns are installed between adjacent shelters, and diagonal support bars are attached to these common supporting columns; horizontal connecting rods as well as diagonal triangular door supports or curved arch door supports are fitted in the longitudinal sections. Rain shelters are built over the raw material storage areas, with windbreak walls installed on the windward side to prevent the materials from being exposed to rain and to avoid uncontrolled emissions. Last edited by Lai Lai on 2009-3-25 09:22.]

What is the column spacing for the rain shelter columns? Is there a fixed modulus?