Thread Content
Safety Technical Operating Procedures for Electrician Positions 1. Basis for preparation 1. GB 50194-93 Safety Specifications for Electricity Supply and Consumption at Construction Sites 2. GB50303-2002 Specifications for Construction Quality Acceptance of Building Electrical Engineering 3. GB50173-92 Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Overhead Power Lines 35KV and Below in Electrical Installation Projects 4. GB50257-96 Specifications for the Construction and Acceptance of Electrical Installations in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Environments for Electrical Installation Engineering 2. General Safety Regulations 1. Electrical construction workers must master electrical knowledge, be familiar with the "Electrical Safety Technical Regulations" and specifications, and obtain qualification certificates issued by the power department before they can operate. 2. Before performing electrical work, workers must wear labor protection equipment according to the characteristics and safety requirements of the work object. 3. Electrical workers should have sufficient understanding of the work objects and assigned work tasks, and take appropriate safety measures. 4. During power outage operations, formal procedures must be followed, the work ticket system must be strictly enforced, and the power outage gates must be tagged or locked. 5. During high-voltage power outage operations, the power outage, power inspection, and grounding system must be strictly implemented. Grounding removal is based on the principle of "whoever connects the grounding removes the grounding". 6. When working with electricity, a dedicated person should be assigned to take care of it. The operator should be familiar with the work object and take corresponding safety protection measures. 7. When working at heights (≥2 meters), safety belts must be fastened before working. When working at heights, it is strictly prohibited to throw tools and other objects. 8. Electrical equipment, cables, wires and other electrical facilities are regarded as having electricity unless it is unknown whether they have electricity. 9. When melting solder, the tin block and tools should be dry to prevent splashing. 3. Special process operating procedures for outside line and cable engineering 1. Before constructing electrical lines, it is necessary to understand the line direction, power supply and distribution methods and crossing conditions, and have a deep understanding of various designs, safety requirements and working principles. 2. Check the construction lines one by one for abnormalities or inconsistencies with design requirements. 1) If the equipment or equipment exceeds the prescribed storage period, deteriorates or is damaged due to inconvenient storage and transportation, and if there is any doubt about the original test results, the relevant test should be re-done. 2) The wires used in the line should be visually inspected before construction. The wires should not have loose strands, crosses, folds, damage, corrosion, etc. 3) The insulator should have smooth enamel, without defects such as cracks, missing glaze, spots, burn marks, etc., and the iron parts should be well galvanized. 4) Electric poles and hardware should meet the requirements for strength, appearance, etc. 3. Before digging pole pits, you must understand the situation of underground facilities and take protective measures. Soft soil should have baffles, supports and other measures. It is strictly forbidden to dig out the soil layer from the bottom. The bottom of the pit should be leveled and compacted. 4. When transporting electric poles with vehicles, they should * * reliable. When lifting the pole manually, the movements should be consistent, and the pole should not be too high from the ground. 5. Install the cross arms, insulators, cables, etc. on the ground first, and then erect the poles after they are assembled. Before the pole is erected, the top should be sealed and a dedicated person should be assigned to direct it. ； During the pole erection process, no one is allowed to work in the pole pit. 6. When erecting the pole, attention should be paid to placing the pole stably. The lifting position of the pole and cross arm should comply with relevant regulations. The backfill soil in the pole pit should be compacted layer by layer and 300mm above the ground. 7. Before climbing the pole tower, check the firmness of the pole tower, whether the foot buckles are easy to use, whether the safety belt is damaged and whether it is within the qualification period. The safety belt must be fastened before operation. 8. Before setting up wiring, check whether the wire model specifications are consistent with the design requirements, and whether there are any serious mechanical damage, corrosion, etc. 9. When laying out the wires, it should be noted that the dual power lines must not be erected on the same pole. However, high and low voltage power lines for general load power supply can be erected on the same pole, but the layout and spacing of the cross arms should meet the relevant requirements. 10. For different circuit wires of the same voltage level, the wires with smaller cross-section are arranged at the bottom, and the wires with larger cross-section are arranged at the top. The phase sequence of the three-phase conductors should meet the specified requirements, that is, facing the load from the left, the high-voltage power line: L1, L2, L3 ； low voltage power lines: L1, N, L2, L3, and the neutral line N is close to the pole. 11. Before laying out the line, obstacles on the line should be cleared first. For example, when the line crosses roads, railways, other power lines, and buildings, a spanning frame should be set up. Then the appropriate position for laying out the line should be selected, and a fixed pay-out frame and its reel should be placed. 12. The cable ends on the cable reel should be tied firmly. The pay-off stand and jack should be set up smoothly, and the wire should be paid out in sections according to the tension section. The wire reel should be rotated slowly to prevent it from falling off the bar or tipping over. The wire should be paid out so that the wire is drawn from the top of the reel to prevent the wire from being damaged due to contact with the ground. When laying cables to corners, stand on the outside. 13. After the wires are laid out according to the tension section, the wire terminals of each phase in the tension section should be connected separately to meet the following requirements: The mechanical strength of the connection shall not be less than 90% of the mechanical strength of the original wire: The contact resistance at the connection shall not be greater than 1.2 times the resistance of the wire of the same length ； Conductors of different metals, different cross-sections and different twisting directions cannot be connected in the span, and their conductor joints can only be connected at the over-leads on the pole cross-arms (the clearance distance between over-leads or down-leads should meet: 1~10KV lines should be no less than 300mm ； Lines below 1KV should be no less than 150mm). 14. Each conductor within each span can have at most one joint. When crossing roads, railways, power lines or communication lines, it is required that the conductors (including lightning protection wires) cannot have joints. 15. According to relevant regulations, adjust the sag of the wires at each pitch in the tensile section to the design requirements. Then the wires can be installed on the clamps and connected to the insulator, so that the wires are naturally tightened on the insulator. ； After checking that there is no obvious change in the sag of the wires, the wires can be tied and fastened to the insulator. Equipment and internal wiring installation 1. When installing switch equipment with return springs such as high-pressure oil switches and automatic air switches, the switch should be placed in the off position. 2. When multiple distribution boxes (pans) are installed side by side, fingers shall not be placed at the connection between the two panels, nor shall they touch the connection screw holes. 3. Cables should wear protective tubes when crossing roads, leading in or out of the ground, building foundations, floors, walls, etc. 4. When threading the tube, do not shout or blow at the mouth of the tube to prevent the elasticity of the thread from catching. When threading wires, they should cooperate with each other to prevent squeezing. 5. When laying cables in cable trenches, high and low voltage cables should be separated, and power cables and control cables should be separated. If it is a single-sided cable support, the cable laying should be laid in layers from bottom to top in the order of control cables, low-voltage cables and high-voltage cables. For electrical commissioning, construction site power transformation and distribution 1, and operations in live places such as substations, the work ticket system, work permit system and work supervision system must be implemented. 2. Check whether the phase sequence of the overhead line meets the specified requirements and whether the phase relationship at both ends of the line is consistent. 3. Check whether the insulation resistance of the test line and the grounding resistance of overvoltage protection devices (such as lightning arresters, lightning rods and lightning protection wires) meet the specified requirements. 4. The metal shell of the device used for withstand voltage testing needs to be grounded. The instrumentation, grounding, etc. must be checked correctly, and the voltage can be increased only after personnel have evacuated. 5. The high-voltage test shall be conducted by no less than two people. The person in charge of the test shall explain in detail the safety precautions during the test to all test personnel. 6. When the electrical equipment connector needs to be disconnected due to testing, mark it in advance and check the connector after reconnecting. 7. During the pressurization process, the operator must concentrate, not chat with others, and pay attention to abnormal phenomena at any time. The operator should stand on the insulating board when working, wear insulating boots and insulating gloves. 8. After the high-voltage test, the tested product should be fully discharged to the ground. 9. At the end of the test, the tester should remove the self-installed grounding wire. 10. For indoor and outdoor high-voltage parts and lines in power substations and distribution, the relevant power supply should be cut off during power outage. Insulating gloves should be worn during electricity testing. An electroscope should be used according to the voltage level. Electricity testing should be performed on each phase on both sides of the equipment or on each phase of the line. 4. Electrical work safety warning signs 1. When carrying out power outage inspection and maintenance, a warning sign with the words "Power outage for inspection and maintenance, please do not approach" should be hung on the knife gate or pole. 2. Warning words such as "Beware of Electric Shock" should be hung in eye-catching places in temporary power distribution cabinets and power distribution rooms. 3. The high-voltage test site should be equipped with barriers and signs with the words "High-voltage danger, stop" and other words. 4. At the blasting and crimping site of electrical line wires, signs with the words "explosion danger, please do not approach" should be hung and isolation belts should be set up. 5. Electrician post emergency response When an accident such as electric shock or electrical fire occurs, post electricians should conscientiously perform their post emergency responsibilities in accordance with emergency management procedures, and do a good job in rescue and evacuation of personnel and materials. At the same time, they should be familiar with and master the necessary first aid knowledge. 1. Fire accident 1. When a fire accident occurs in electrical equipment or electrical lines, workers should first cut off the relevant power supply according to emergency procedures while ensuring safety. Pay attention to the following points when cutting off the power supply:: 1) After a fire, the insulation capacity of the switchgear is reduced due to moisture or smoke. Therefore, it is best to use insulated tools when opening the switch. 2) For high voltage, the circuit breaker should be operated first, and for low voltage, the magnetic starter should be operated first to avoid arc short circuit. 3) The location for cutting off the power supply should be appropriately selected to prevent the fire-fighting work from being affected by cutting off the power supply. 4) When cutting off the power supply, wires of different phases should be cut off at different locations to avoid short circuits. When cutting off overhead wires, the cutting position should be chosen near the support in the direction of the power supply to prevent the wires from falling off and causing grounding short circuits and electric shock accidents. 2. In order to gain time to put out the fire and prevent the fire from expanding, it is too late to cut off the power. ； Or if the power cannot be cut off due to production needs or other reasons, it is necessary to put out the fire with electricity. 1) Fire extinguishers with non-conductive fire extinguishing agents should be selected. 2) When using a water gun to extinguish a fire, it is recommended to use a spray water gun. It is safer to put out the fire with electricity. 3) Keep a necessary safety distance between the human body and charged objects. 2. Electric shock accident 1. After an electric shock accident occurs, other personnel must first remove the electric shock victim from the power supply as soon as possible. And immediately notify rescue vehicles and personnel. 2. If the person who received an electric shock has lost consciousness, but his heartbeat and breathing are still alive, the person who received the electric shock should lie down comfortably and calmly, maintain air circulation, and at the same time untie the clothes of the person who received the electric shock to facilitate breathing. ； If the person who received an electric shock is seriously injured and has weak breathing and heartbeat or stops, artificial respiration and external chest heart compression should be performed immediately, and the person should not stop even on the way to the hospital.