What does heavy oil include?

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Heavy oil, also known as fuel oil, is a dark-colored liquid that is primarily formulated from materials such as atmospheric distillates, vacuum residue, cracking residue, cracked diesel, and catalytic diesel obtained during the processing of crude oil. According to the classification methods established by international conventions, heavy oil is referred to as persistent oils; as the name implies, such oils are quite viscous and difficult to evaporate. So once it gets onto the shore, it’s very difficult to remove. Furthermore, the impact of this type of oil on the marine environment is much more severe than that of non-persistent oils. For example, once it enters seawater, its viscosity is high; if seabirds’ feathers get coated with this oil, it prevents them from feeding or flying. Moreover, when these birds preen their feathers, they ingest this harmful oil, which leads to their death. Some fish, especially juvenile fish and marine plankton, are also greatly affected by heavy oil. Once it reaches the beach sand, this oil sticks to the sand and is very difficult to clean up. Experts say that to deal with oil pollution, necessary oil spill emergency equipment such as oil barriers, absorbent booms, and dispersants can be deployed. Due to the strong adhesive force of oil, farmers can use materials such as straw and hemp ropes to contain and collect the oil when an oil spill occurs.