The most dangerous substances in the laboratory
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1.DMSO: DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide and has a wide range of uses. Used as a solvent for acetylene, aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide and other gases as well as acrylic fiber spinning solvent. It is an extremely important aprotic polar solvent that is soluble in both water and organic solvents. It has strong permeability to the skin and helps drugs penetrate into the human body. It can also be used as a pesticide additive. It is also a very important chemical reagent. DMSO is also a permeability protective agent that can lower the freezing point of cells, reduce the formation of ice crystals, reduce the damage of free radicals to cells, and change the permeability of biological membranes to electrolytes, drugs, poisons and metabolites. However, studies have shown that DMSO has serious toxic effects and interacts with protein hydrophobic groups, leading to protein denaturation, vascular toxicity, liver and kidney toxicity. DMSO is a highly toxic substance. When using it, avoid its volatilization. Prepare 1%-5% ammonia solution for backup. After the skin is stained, wash it with plenty of water and dilute ammonia solution. The most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, rash, and the smell of garlic, onion, and oyster in the skin and exhaled breath. inhalation: High volatile concentrations may cause headache, dizziness and sedation. skin: Can burn the skin and cause a stinging sensation, as seen in rashes and blisters. DMSO will produce a thermal reaction if it comes into contact with water-containing skin. Avoid contact with dimethyl sulfoxide solutions containing toxic raw materials or substances. Its toxicity is not known, but dimethyl sulfoxide may penetrate into the skin and under certain conditions, toxic substances may be introduced into the skin. absorb: The risk of absorption is very low. 2.DEPC: DEPC, diethylprocarbonate, can inactivate various proteins and is a strong inhibitor of RNase. DEPC is a potential carcinogen. Operations should be carried out under ventilated conditions and avoid contact with skin. DEPC is not very toxic, but it is the most toxic when inhaled. Wear a mask when using it. If it accidentally gets on your hands, be sure to rinse immediately. RNase AwayTM reagent can replace DEPC. It is simple to operate, low in price, and non-toxic. Just pour RNase AwayTM directly onto the surface of glassware and plasticware, soak it and then rinse it with water to remove it. RNase on the surface of the vessel can be quickly removed without leaving any residue to interfere with subsequent experiments. 3 acrylamide: It is a moderately toxic substance. It can enter the human body through skin absorption and respiratory tract. Therefore, protective equipment such as respirator clothing, respirator masks and respirator gloves must be worn during handling and use. The harm of acrylamide is mainly caused by neurotoxicity, as well as reproductive and developmental toxicity. Neurotoxic effects manifest as peripheral neurodegenerative changes and brain involvement. * , degenerative changes in memory and other cognitive functions. Tests also show that acrylamide is a possible carcinogen. Epidemiological observations of occupationally exposed people show that long-term low-dose exposure to acrylamide can cause symptoms such as drowsiness, mood and memory changes, hallucinations, and tremors, accompanied by peripheral neuropathy such as glove-like sensations, sweating, and muscle weakness. Accumulated toxicity makes it difficult to detoxify. Those who have any of the following can be classified as subjects for observation of chronic acrylamide poisoning: a. Excessive sweating, clammy, peeling, and erythema occur on the local skin exposed to acrylamide ； b. Symptoms such as numbness, tingling, lower limb weakness, and drowsiness occur ； c. Neuro-electromyography shows suspected neurogenic damage. Treatment principles: B vitamins and energy mixtures can be used, supplemented by physical therapy, physiotherapy and symptomatic treatment. Severe poisoning should also strengthen supportive therapy. 4 NN-Methylenebisacrylamide is toxic and affects the central nervous system. Do not inhale the powder. 5 PMSF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride is a highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor. It is very destructive to respiratory mucosa, eyes and skin. Can be fatal by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Wear appropriate gloves and safety glasses and always use in a chemical fume hood. In case of contact, flush eyes or skin with plenty of water immediately and discard contaminated work clothes. 6 Chloroform (CHCl3) is irritating to skin, eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract. It is a carcinogen and can damage the liver and kidneys. It is also volatile, avoid inhaling volatile gases. Wear suitable gloves and safety glasses when handling and always perform in a chemical fume hood. 7 Formaldehyde (HCOH) is highly toxic and volatile, and is also a carcinogen. It is easily absorbed through the skin and can cause irritation and damage to the eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Avoid inhaling its volatile vapor. Wear suitable gloves and safety glasses. Always work inside a chemical fume hood. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flames. 8 Sodium azide (NaN3) is very toxic. It blocks the cytochrome electron transport system. Solutions containing sodium azide should be clearly labeled. May cause harm to health by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Wear suitable gloves and safety goggles and use extreme caution when handling. 9 Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is toxic, an irritant, and poses a risk of serious damage to the eyes. May cause harm to health by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Wear suitable gloves and safety goggles. Do not inhale the powder. 10. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is highly corrosive. Wear suitable gloves and safety goggles. 11Persulfate is extremely harmful to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract tissues, eyes and skin. Can be fatal if inhaled. Wear suitable gloves, safety glasses and protective clothing when operating. Always work in a fume hood and wash hands thoroughly after handling. This post was last edited by flks224086 on 2009-3-26 22:38 ]
Except for formaldehyde, I have rarely seen others. I think this is very useful knowledge and collection is necessary. Thank you, the host.
This kind of thing is rare and will break if terrorists see it: lol
I didn’t see the label on the reagent saying it was a poison! ! ! (Persulfate is extremely harmful to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract tissues, eyes and skin. Can be fatal if inhaled. Wear suitable gloves, safety glasses and protective clothing when operating. Always work in a fume hood and wash hands thoroughly after handling. )
In my impression, liquid bromine is the scariest thing. It will become a hole after being burned and cannot be recovered. So I want everyone to expand this topic, and then make it clear to your employees during the test that you are responsible for others and yourself, and remind each other after communicating with each other. Thank you, the poster, for the topic.
Thank you moderator for the reminder. We occasionally use liquid bromine, but we didn’t know it was so powerful. Fortunately, the laboratory has done a good job in safety protection, and the situation you mentioned did not occur. I will pay more attention to it in the future.
There are also sodium cyanide, metallic sodium, etc. which are even more powerful.
It seems that our laboratory has been exposed to the above-mentioned substances, how scary!
Use this thing not only to protect yourself, but also to take good care of it, otherwise it will be stolen by people with ulterior motives, and the consequences will be serious.:$
I think sodium cyanide is the most dangerous. In addition, sodium and potassium are also quite dangerous. They must be sealed with liquid!
Oh my god, when I was in the university laboratory, I often used DMSO for organic synthesis. There was no protection at all at that time... I don’t know how long I smelled DMSO vapor. Is it so poisonous?
Commonly used solvents that are most toxic include benzene and toluene!
Arsenic trioxide (arsenic) used in heavy metal determination is also a highly toxic drug.
Pay attention to safety when handling concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming nitric acid, perchloric acid, chromic acid lotion, etc. that are often used in laboratories.
In addition to inorganic and organic reagents, we have more radioactive materials here, such as uranium 235, radon, etc. An old colleague’s skin was red and lumpy due to lesions caused by radioactive dust. But now we are paying more attention to it, and those with high radioactivity are under centralized control. :)