What are the common failure forms of single-anchor sheet piles?

A summary of the failure modes of single anchor sheet piles: Please continue to add to the summary of sheet pile engineering accidents. There are five main reasons for their failure.: ① The penetration depth of the sheet pile into the soil is not enough. Under the action of soil pressure, the buried part of the sheet pile moves and a pit wall landslide occurs (Figure 1-21a). ； ② The support or anchor is not strong enough (Figure 1-21b, c) ； ③ If the length of the anchor is insufficient, the anchor will lose its function and cause the soil to slide (Figure 1-21d) ； ④ The sheet pile itself is not rigid enough and becomes unstable and bends under the action of earth pressure (Figure 1-21e) ； ⑤ The sheet pile displacement is too large, causing damage to the surrounding environment (Figure 1-21f). For this reason, the penetration depth of sheet piles, section bending moment, fulcrum reaction force, anchor length and sheet pile displacement are called the five major design elements of sheet piles. http://www.scutde.net/t14courses/1412-efmdljiaif/tufang/1.5/IMAGE/%CD%C18.GIF Figure 1-21 Engineering accidents of sheet piles a) The lower part of the sheet pile moves ； b) Anchor damage ； c) Support failure ； d) Insufficient anchor length ； e) Sheet pile instability and bending ； f) Deformation of sheet piles and settlement of soil behind the piles