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This text is too messy; it has been organized and posted on Page 2 under the topic “Development and Application of MK-Type Sunlight- and High-Temperature-Resistant Printing Coatings”, by Liu Zhilu and Yang Desheng from Shanghai Meijialing Ink and Coating Factory； Wu Peilian, Shanghai No. 2 Dyeing and Printing Factory ； Chen Yi, Amateur Workers’ University, Yangpu District, Shanghai. Abstract: This article introduces fabric coating printing technology, including environmentally friendly coatings as well as those that are resistant to sunlight and high temperatures, along with the application techniques related to coating printing. Keywords: Environment-friendly sun-resistant and high-temperature resistant coatings, coating application technology. By the end of the 20th century, coating printing had seen rapid development in China; in particular, this printing technique had reached a level of importance comparable to that of screen printing. Coating printing represents an effective method for reducing environmental pollution. The technological advancements in this field have also spurred the development of organic pigments used in printing, giving rise to various new requirements such as environmental friendliness, high temperature resistance, UV resistance, and resistance to discoloration. The purpose of this article is to explore the research on the development and application of printing coatings that possess these properties of UV and high temperature resistance. Dystar has introduced the HF-series of printing inks that are environmentally friendly and possess excellent durability. Most of these inks offer resistance to sunlight and heat, maintain vibrant colors even after dry cleaning, and have high IMPERON K fastness. In response to market demands, Shanghai Meijialing Ink and Coating Factory has developed new types of printing inks that are resistant to sunlight, high temperatures, and dry cleaning. The main organic pigments, along with their chemical structures and properties, are as follows: 1. Pale Yellow: Permanent Yellow H4G, FAST Yellow H4G (Shangyu Shunlian); Pigment Permanent Yellow S4G (Jiaosan Jinghua); Hostaperm Yellow H4G (Clariant); C.I. P.Y. 151. Chemical structure: monoazo type (see figure on the right; same for subsequent entries). Molecular weight: 381.34. Resistance to sunlight: level 8. Heat resistance: up to 200°C. This dye turns red when exposed to strong alkalis; the average particle size of Clariant’s product is 230 nm. 2. Yellow: Pigment Permanent Yellow S3G (Jiaozha Jinghua); Hostaperm Yellow H3G (Clariant); C.I. P.Y. 154. Chemical structure: monoazo; molecular weight 405.33. Sunfastness grade 8; heat resistance up to 250°C.
3. Yellow: Pigment Yellow HG (Anshan Huifeng); C.I.PY180; PV Fast Yellow HG (Clariant). Chemical structure: diazo; molecular weight 732.70. Sunfastness grade 6–7; heat resistance up to 290°C.
4. Orange HL: Fast Orange HL (Shangyu Shunlian); Novoperm Ozange HL-70; C.I. P.O. 36. Chemical structure: monoazo; molecular weight 416.78. Sunfastness grade 7–8; heat resistance up to 240°C.
5. Permanent Magenta HF4C: Fast Carmine HF4C (Shangyu Shunlian); Pigment Fast Magenta S4C (Jiaozha Jinghua); C.I. P.R. 185. Chemical structure: monoazo; molecular weight 560.58. Sunfastness grade 6–7; heat resistance up to 250°C.
6. Scarlet: Pigment Fast Red S2B (Jiaozha Jinghua); Novoperm Carmine HF2B (Clariant); C.I. P.R. 208. Chemical structure: monoazo; molecular weight 537.57. Sunfastness grade 6–7; heat resistance up to 250°C. The average particle size of Clariant’s products is 50 nm.
7. Jujube Red: HF3C Fast Carmine HF3C (Shangyu Shunlian); C.I. PR.176. Chemical structure: monoazo; molecular weight 572.57. Sunfastness grade 7–8; heat resistance up to 250°C.
8. Permanent Red F6B: Fast Carmine F6B (Shangyu Shunlian); C.I.P.R 184; Hostazine Rubine F6B (Dystar). Chemical structure: monoazo; this pigment is a mixed pigment. Molecular weight: 565.02/611.04. Sun resistance: level 7-8; heat resistance: above 180°C. All these products are manufactured in China, and their prices are much lower than those of imported products, making them valuable for development purposes. There are also some products for which no domestic supply exists; the pigments for these products have to be imported from abroad. As shown in the following products: 1. Scarlet: Novoperm Scarlet 4RF (Clariant), C.I. P.R 242 – a bright yellowish-red color. Chemical structure: diazine type; molecular weight 930.46. It has a lightfastness rating of level 8 and a heat resistance of up to 280°C. 2. Brown: Hastaperm Brown HFR 01 (Clariant), C.I. P.BR 25 – a red-brown color of the mon Diazine type. Molecular weight 492.31. Its lightfastness rating is 7–8. The other colors, blue and green, have a phthalocyanine structure, while black is made from carbon black; all of them possess high heat resistance and lightfastness, making them suitable for use together. 1. MG-8301 Blue FFG Phthalocyanine Blue B, C.I. P.B 15: Chemical structure – phthalocyanine type; abbreviation: CuPc; molecular weight: 576.07. It can withstand temperatures of up to 180°C and exposure to sunlight for 7–8 hours. Phthalocyanine Blue B is an metastable α-form of copper phthalocyanine. Compared to phthalocyanine pigments in the β-form, it exhibits a red-blue hue, with vivid colors and strong coloring power. However, this pigment has poor crystal form stability, and high temperatures can cause changes in the crystal form of the pigment. The color of this product obtained by ball milling is brighter than that obtained by acid dissolution. 2. MG-8302 Bright Blue FBL Phthalocyanine Blue BGS C.I. P.B 15:3 Molecular structure: Phthalocyanine type CuPC; molecular weight 576.07. Heat resistance up to 200°C; lightfastness of grade 7–8. The product is obtained through calcination and ball milling, and it belongs to the β-type crystal structure; its color is blue with a green tint. 3. MG-8601 Green FB Phthalocyanine Green G, C.I. P.G 7. Chemical structure: phthalocyanine type; bright green color. It can withstand temperatures of up to 200°C and has a lightfastness rating of 7–8. 4. Carbon black: Also known as pigment carbon black, it has physical and chemical properties; its particles are small, ranging from 100 to 5000 Å in size, and the primary particles are roughly spherical in shape. Surface area: 6–1100 m/g. Carbon black content: 83-99%. Carbon black contains a significant amount of hydrogen and oxygen, and its structure varies greatly depending on the manufacturing conditions. The smaller the particles of carbon black, the better its darkness and the higher its coloring power. Generally speaking, the smaller the carbon black particles, the greater their specific surface area, and the higher the darkness index as well. Carbon black has a very high covering power, and it is highly stable, resistant to acids, alkalis, light, and high temperatures. Generally, based on applications, carbon black can be classified into the following three categories according to particle size and darkness: high-pigment carbon black, medium-pigment carbon black, and low-pigment carbon black. There are many high-quality blacks available; for example, the usage rate of domestic 1# black is around 20%. The Asahi Black produced by the Japanese company ASAHI also has a low usage rate of about 22%, but its price is over 50,000 yuan per ton, which is difficult for customers to accept. The product used in this test employs pigment carbon black, with a price ranging from 10,000 to 30,000; its performance is shown in Table 1. Table 1: Technical parameters of pigment carbon black
Parameter | Item | High Pigment 1# | Grade A High Pigment 3# | Pigment 6#
Average particle size, nm | 9–17 | 18–25 | 26–37
Specific surface area, m2/g | 200–600 | 200–400 | 80–200
pH value | 2–6 | 2–6 | 2–6
Blackness | Standard sample | Standard sample | Standard sample
Coloring power | 95 | 95 | 95
Flowability at 35°C, mm | 18 | 17 | 22
Amount used in tests, % | 30 | 38
Flowability, cm/10s | 13.5 | 22
High pigment carbon black is used, and its blackness **exceeds that of conventional carbon blacks. In response to market demands, Shanghai Meijialing Ink and Coating Factory developed new types of printing coatings that are resistant to sunlight, high temperatures, and dry cleaning. These products were introduced at the International Conference on Coating Applications and Special Printing held in Shanghai in September 2004; fourteen varieties of the MK series of sunlight- and heat-resistant printing coatings were officially launched, with their names and properties listed in Table 2. Table 2: Performance of MK-type UV and high-temperature resistant printing coatings
Coating Name | UV Resistance | Heat Resistance (°C) | Water Resistance | Acid Resistance | Alkali Resistance | Resistance to 1% Chlorine | Approximate Color Code
MK-Pale Yellow K4G | 7-8 | 250 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 8220
Pale Yellow F7G | MK-Yellow KG | 6-7 | 290 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8202
Medium Yellow FG | MK-Orange KL | 7-8 | 240 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8206
Orange FGR | MK-Red K4C | 7-8 | 250 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8111
Red FFG | MK-Pink Red K3C | 7-8 | 250 | 5 | 5 | 4-5 | 5 | 8113
Pink Red FITR | MK-Magenta K6B | 7-8 | 180 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8119
Magenta FBB | MK-Cerulean FFRN | 7-8 | 200 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8701
Cerulean FFRN | MK-Navy Blue FR | 7-8 | 220 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8304
Navy Blue FR | MK-Blue FFG | 7-8 | 220 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8301
Blue FFG | MK-Vibrant Blue FBL | 7-8 | 260 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8302
Vibrant Blue FBL | MK-Turquoise Blue FGB | 7-8 | 260 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8303
Turquoise Blue FGB | MK-Green FB | 7-8 | 280 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8601
Green FB | MK-Brown F2R | 200 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8801
Brown F2R | M-Extra Black FBRN | 7 | 200 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 8501
Black FBRK

The introduction of this product fills the gap in China’s market for UV and high-temperature resistant printing coatings, addressing a range of issues. Its quality is on par with that of international counterparts such as the HF-type UV and high-temperature resistant printing coatings, yet its price is significantly lower. It can meet the requirements for environmentally friendly properties, light to medium colors, and lightfastness in export products. It can solve the color change problem that occurs during the high-temperature drying process for medium and light colors in the printing process. It meets the requirements for sun and high-temperature resistance in the coating industry, eliminating the need for a baking step. It saves energy and solves the problem of color change in coatings at high temperatures (Fuchang Coating Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang). References 1. Liu Zhilu et al., Development of Environmentally Friendly MG Series Printing Coatings, Proceedings of the 1998 Shanghai Textile Dyeing Academic Conference ； 2. Liu Zhilu et al., Deep-color coating overprinting technology, Proceedings of the 2002 National Conference on Printing Science and Technical Innovation ； 3. Zhou Chunlong, Chemistry and Technology of Organic Pigments ； 4. Shen Yongjia, Types and Applications of Organic Pigments ； 5. World Dyes: Volume 2, 2000. This post was last edited by zxh6267 on 2009-3-28 09:24.]