Comprehensive safety management and construction of safety culture
Thread Content
Comprehensive safety management and safety culture construction Safety production is a long-term and arduous task. Due to its wide scope and great social impact, the importance and difficulty of this task are self-evident. Carrying out a series of special rectification actions is an indispensable aspect of safety production supervision. Various rectification projects can play a role in cracking down on illegal production and investigating potential safety hazards of major safety accidents. However, compared with safety production management, special rectification projects have stage and timeliness limitations. Safety management is a long-term process and is the comprehensive supervision and control of the entire production safety system. Replacing rectification with management is undoubtedly a trend in production safety in the future. The current safety production management work mainly has the following problems:: 1. The division of responsibilities of each functional department is not clear enough and detailed. ； 2. Safety management technical means are not advanced enough ； 3. Some enterprises and units pursue one-sided economic interests too much and ignore production safety management. ； 4. The management process in the overall sense has not yet been streamlined. So how can we do a good job in safety production management? Because production safety involves all aspects of various industries, it is difficult to achieve a better management effect by relying on a single department and a single method. A refresh in philosophy and technology is imperative. Here, the author introduces a new concept: “"Total Safety Management - TSM (Total Safety Management)", the operation of this system includes various aspects such as responsibility and authority system, decision-making and implementation methods, continuous improvement, etc. It is a comprehensive management implementation process. First of all, comprehensive safety management relies on a strict responsibility system and operating procedures. Production safety is a job that is directly related to the safety of life and property of the people, and involves production, logistics, operations and other aspects of various industries. Therefore, it requires close cooperation between various functional departments to establish a comprehensive supervision system and drive the operation of strict system processes with a strict responsibility system, which also includes the following three aspects.: 1. The ideological awareness is in place and the functions are clearly divided. Only after the importance of safety production management is fully understood and functional responsibilities are clearly defined, can various departments avoid the phenomenon of "crash" or "blind spot of responsibility" in safety production management. ； 2. Determination of responsibilities and authorities. Responsibility and authority are the two most important contents in management. Only by clarifying the responsibilities and authority of each functional department can safety management work be truly implemented. ； 3. Rigorous and standardized process operation. The process includes two aspects. On the one hand, it is for enterprise units such as production, logistics, and operations, and on the other hand, it is for various functional departments. Take hazardous chemicals as an example: Establishing a rigorous and standardized process means comprehensive monitoring and management of all aspects from the mining and processing of raw materials used in the production of hazardous chemicals to the warehousing of the factory, the production process, finished product warehousing, transportation, and operation. The operation of each sub-link requires the security permission of the previous link, thus forming a chain-like security management model. ； For each functional department, it is necessary to establish a fast and scientific working procedure to conduct the most comprehensive monitoring and management of the entire production safety system in the most convenient and rigorous way. After determining the safety management responsibility system and initially establishing a process operation system, it is necessary to use scientific management methods and methods to manage the system. One example is the work safety accident hazard investigation reporting and processing system currently being implemented in our district. The production safety accident hazard report processing report allows us to grasp the trends of accident hazard investigation work every month, so as to grasp the overall safety production situation of the region every month. However, due to data accumulation and technical reasons, we can only conduct simple summary analysis and mathematical statistics on the accident hazard investigation work reflected in the table. If the data accumulation reaches a certain level and the hardware and software conditions permit, we can use a series of scientific methods to conduct a systematic and comprehensive statistical summary of all reports and complete multiple projects. Analysis work, such as the fluctuation of accident hazards in various industries throughout the year, the impact of factors such as seasons, regions, and industry categories on accident hazards, the factors that most directly lead to accident hazards in a single industry, etc. Based on these analysis projects, corresponding control plans are formulated to control the number and level of accident hazards within a certain level, thereby controlling the occurrence of various safety accidents at the source. Scientific statistical analysis methods can achieve good results when applied to safety production management. Introduce advanced and scientific ways of thinking, use tools such as variance and control charts to analyze and process various data and materials in the safety production system, so as to summarize the factors that have the greatest impact on safety production at different times, in different locations, and in different industries. Then, targeted prevention and monitoring can be carried out according to the reasons. The current survey of major hazard sources and subsequent monitoring work have obviously applied the idea and method of "comprehensive safety management". We will conduct a census and register all major hazard sources in the region, establish a detailed hazard source information database, classify hazard sources by industry, region, and level, and mark them on the electronic map to facilitate comprehensive and dynamic monitoring and management. For the monitoring and management of major hazard sources, Guangxi Liuzhou's "Five Can" (visible, inspectable, reportable, memorized, patrolable) supervision plan is of great reference. This is actually the embodiment of the concept of "comprehensive safety management". Establish a responsibility system and process system, introduce scientific management methods, and the most critical thing is to continuously improve the system. Marx's materialist philosophical thought tells us that things are in the process of continuous advancement driven by practice, and no management system can permanently adapt to the constantly developing and changing situation. Continuous improvement means adapting to various changing environments and situations through continuous adjustments and improvements. One of the most effective and simple methods used in the continuous improvement process is the PDCA cycle. The PDCA cycle process consists of four stages: P (Plan), the planning stage, is a detailed and specific plan made at the beginning of the improvement project to establish the goals and methods of improvement. ； D (Do), implementation phase ； C (Check), the inspection phase, conducts a comprehensive inspection of the effect of completing the planned goals of the plan and the entire implementation process ； A (Action), summary stage, summary is to prepare for the next planning stage. It can be seen from this that PDCA is a spiral upward process of continuous circulation and improvement. The large PDCA cycle is composed of multiple small PDCA cycles, thus promoting the continuous improvement of the system. This is also the core idea of PDCA. Only by continuously and continuously improving safety management can the safety management system be gradually improved. Safety management is an administrative means, and it is necessary to do a good job in safe production, and more importantly, the construction of safety culture. Many safety accidents that occur now are caused by the people's weak awareness of production safety and lack of basic knowledge of production safety. In the final analysis, it is because the foundation of social safety culture is still very weak. Culture Culture is by no means as simple as "transforming it from culture". Its deeper meaning should represent a way of thinking and concepts that are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The role of safety culture is through understanding people’s concepts, ethics, * * Strengthen deep-seated humanistic factors such as attitudes, emotions, and conduct, and use leadership, education, publicity, rewards and punishments, and creating a group atmosphere to continuously improve people's safety quality and improve their safety awareness and behavior, so that people can change from passively obeying the safety management system to consciously and proactively taking actions in accordance with safety requirements, that is, from "I am required to abide by the rules and laws" to "I want to abide by the rules and laws." The essence of the so-called safety culture construction is to involve every member of society so that everyone understands safety and everyone talks about safety, thereby forming a good social atmosphere. Only when the concept of production safety is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and integrated into the overall social environment, will everyone truly understand the importance of production safety and understand relevant knowledge about production safety, thereby reducing the possibility of safety accidents. From this we can also see the importance and urgency of safety culture construction. The fundamental goal of the "Safety Production Month" activity launched in June is to strengthen the construction of safety culture, strengthen the safety awareness of the whole people, and improve the safety quality of the whole people. To strengthen the construction of safety culture, we must first understand the nature of safety culture. According to analysis and research, safety culture has the following three characteristics:: (1) Safety culture is “management-driven” Safety culture is different from general social mass culture. Social popular culture is often accumulated through widespread dissemination among the people. As long as it is not opposed to * * Sovereignty, culture that creates national divisions and corrodes social morals does not need to be praised or stopped. Safety culture is a direct reflection of people's safety values, and is the norm and guiding force for people's safety behavior. Under various conflicts of interest and interference, safety culture formed spontaneously by people often cannot develop in the direction needed by society. The development of safety culture needs to be promoted with the help of management. This is especially true for enterprise safety culture. It is formed within the enterprise and is shared by the employees of the enterprise. It can be promoted and implemented by the enterprise's organizational management process. ； And the development of corporate safety culture will bring growth in production efficiency to the company. (2) Safety culture is "diffuse". The so-called "diffuse" means that safety culture does not exist as an independent system with clear boundaries. It is hidden deep in everyone's heart, manifested in everyone's actions, affects the completion process of every task, and adjusts the interpersonal relationships in the entire society. The influence of safety culture is permeated in safety technology and safety management. ； Therefore, some people have also proposed that safety culture has the characteristics of "field effect". (3) Safety culture has “relative stability” The so-called relative stability of safety culture can also be understood as the resistance of safety culture to change. Like all cultural phenomena, once safety culture is formed, it has great stability and has a universal influence on most people in its atmosphere. It is this stability that enables enterprises to grasp the laws of production safety and formulate corresponding production safety countermeasures and strategies with practical significance. Although safety culture can be promoted through management methods, a reasonable safety culture that truly has a profound impact on people must have long-term stability, while a changeable culture that is forcibly implemented will only make people confused and unable to form a fixed behavior pattern. Of course, it must also be emphasized that the relative stability of safety culture does not exclude its innovation and development in adapting to new situations and circumstances. According to the characteristics of safety culture, corresponding plans can be formulated to promote and strengthen the construction of safety culture. First, it is the construction of safety material culture. Material culture is the prerequisite for the formation and creation of safety culture. Increase investment in safety hardware and software, develop safety technology, and lay a good foundation for the construction of safety culture. Secondly, it is the establishment of safety system. If safety culture is compared to a house, then safety material culture is the cornerstone, and safety system is the brick and mortar of the subject. A rigorous safety system is the core of safety culture. Only under the protection of the safety system can safety thoughts be implemented and safety awareness be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The last and most important aspect is the construction of safety spiritual culture. Safety spiritual culture is the deepest and most stable part of safety culture. It is a cultural level that has a significant impact on people's psychology and ways of thinking. It plays an important role in the construction of safety material culture and safety systems. To sum up, safety management and safety culture construction are the most important links in safety production work, and both are indispensable. Only when the intensity and efficiency of safety management are improved and the awareness of safety culture is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people can we effectively eliminate a large number of safety hazards and truly implement safety production work. This article comes from: Security Forum ( bbs.anquan.com.cn )
Contents of safety inspections: Unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe conditions of objects are the basic factors causing accidents. In order to eliminate these factors and eliminate hidden dangers, we must try to discover them in time and take measures to eliminate them. The first step is to conduct a safety inspection. Security inspections include the following forms: Regular inspections of safety work in production by the enterprise itself ； Periodic inspections jointly organized by the labor department and enterprise authorities ； General inspection of safety work ； Professional inspections and seasonal inspections for an issue ； Mutual inspections between industries, companies or workers between regions ； Workers conduct extensive and in-depth self-inspections, etc. When carrying out safety inspections, workers' self-inspection of their own behavior, surrounding environment, and equipment should be the most basic inspection. 1. Check thoughts. All behaviors first originate from people’s thoughts. Therefore, inspection ideas should be regarded as an important content during safety inspections. The main thing is to check whether you have firmly established the idea of "safety first, prevention first" based on actual conditions, whether you have the thought of despising safety production, whether you have the opposite view of safety and production, whether you have the thought of risk-taking and recklessness, whether you have a negative and pessimistic view, whether you have paralysis and fluke mentality. Check out incorrect ideas and take ideological work and administrative restriction measures to eliminate them. 2. Check for hidden dangers on site. Unsafe hazards are one of the root causes of accidents. To prevent accidents, hidden dangers must be discovered and eliminated in time. Therefore, checking on-site hidden dangers should be an important aspect of safety inspections. Checking for on-site hidden dangers should include regular inspections to see whether the buildings in the workplace are safe, whether safety passages are unobstructed, whether parts are stored in an orderly manner, whether the arrangement and protective devices, safety devices, and signaling devices of various machines and equipment are intact; whether the safety facilities of electrical equipment, acetylene generators, various gas cylinders and pressure vessels, and the use and management of chemicals are strictly in compliance with the system; whether the lighting facilities in the workshop, protective facilities for toxic and harmful substances, workers' working conditions, and corresponding safety signs are complete ； Frequently check whether there are any changes at the production site and the surrounding environment, whether there are any unsafe factors, and whether the production equipment is running sick. Workers should check the mechanical equipment, electrical equipment, tool fixtures, raw materials, chemicals, safety devices, personal protective equipment, etc. that they often come into contact with and use at any time. Once hidden dangers are discovered, they must be eliminated promptly. You must also check your own behavior during production and labor at any time to check whether you are operating according to standards, whether you comply with safety technical operating procedures, and whether you violate labor discipline. At the same time, you must also measure your biological rhythm changes in each period, and coordinate emotional changes and other fluctuations in thoughts caused by the influence of your family or surrounding environment. In short, effective measures should be taken through various methods to improve self-prevention capabilities to eliminate people's unsafe behaviors. 3. Check safety knowledge In practice, there are quite a few accidents caused by workers’ low level of safety production knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to check safety knowledge as a content in the safety inspection. The specific content of the inspection can roughly include checking to understand the company's production profile, basic production technology, operating methods or processes, and the structure, performance, quality and specifications of the products, whether the company has mastered the basic knowledge and precautions for particularly dangerous equipment and areas and personal safety protection, and various equipment and equipment that are compatible with the production technology and operating methods. Equipment performance and knowledge, basic safety knowledge about electrical equipment, safety knowledge about lifting machinery and intra-factory transportation, basic knowledge about the safety protection of toxic and hazardous raw materials used in production or toxic and hazardous substances that may be emitted, general fire protection systems and rules in the enterprise, the correct use of personal protective equipment, and methods for reporting casualties, etc. Special operations personnel should check whether they have professional safety technical knowledge, whether they have received special training, and whether they hold a certificate to work. 4. Professional inspections and seasonal inspections Different types of work have some key parts in safe production. By grasping the key points for prevention, accidents can be avoided. Professional inspection is to carry out regular and preventive key inspections of the places where workers of various types of work are prone to accidents. For example, coal miners focus on checking the hidden dangers of roof accidents at the coal mining face, construction workers working at high altitudes focus on checking the hidden dangers of falling accidents, and smelting workers focus on checking the hidden dangers of burn accidents. According to statistical analysis, various types of accidents in production often have certain time and seasonal characteristics. In terms of time, most accidents usually occur during the night shift, the second half of the shift, at the end of work, and around holidays. ； In terms of seasons, there are generally more electric shock accidents in the rainy season or the humid climate, and there are more fire and gas poisoning accidents in the cold, dry, and windy seasons. Seizing the frequent accidents at this time and season and conducting safety inspections with emphasis on key points will often achieve good results with twice the result with half the effort. 5. Check the leadership. Enterprise leaders are the center and core of the enterprise. The status of safe production often reflects the safety management level of the leaders. Therefore, leadership inspection should be regarded as an important part of safety inspection. Check whether the enterprise has set up a labor protection agency ； Whether to resolutely implement and urge the subordinate departments to implement * * Relevant labor protection guidelines, policies, decrees, instructions and various rules and regulations ； Whether production work and labor protection work are planned, arranged, inspected, summarized and evaluated at the same time ； Whether a safety technical measure plan has been prepared, measures funds have been reasonably arranged, and implementation has been conscientiously organized ； Whether the labor protection facilities of new construction, expansion, and reconstruction projects are designed, constructed, and put into production at the same time as the main project, and the design review and completion acceptance work are done well ； Whether the buildings, machinery and equipment, tools, raw materials, finished products, working places, daily necessities, etc. at the production site are regularly checked to see if they meet safety and health requirements ； Whether factories, workshops and teams have established and improved safety production rules and regulations, and modified the rules and regulations accordingly as production develops. 6. Check each other. People often say: “The authorities are confused, but the bystanders are clear. ”Many things in safety production have fully proved this point. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage individual employees to conduct mutual inspections on the basis of self-examination. Self-examination is the basis of mutual inspection. Without mutual inspection, self-examination will not be easy to be extensive and in-depth. Safety inspections emphasize mutual inspection and mutual learning. Mutual evaluation will not only help further improve the ideological understanding of leaders and workers on safe production, but also help more and more clearly identify and solve unsafe and unhygienic problems. 7. Investigation and rectification The previous six safety inspections are all means and methods, and to achieve the goal, the basis is to take active measures and implement measures to eliminate hidden dangers. Only in this way can we avoid the mistake of formalism and go through the motions and achieve the effect of promoting safe production. Inspection and rectification means that we must try our best to solve the problems found during inspection in the spirit of self-reliance and hard work. Strive to make improvements while inspecting, so that all the problems discovered during the inspection can be dealt with in detail. For a small number of problems that cannot be solved by the team due to limited material and technical conditions, workshops and enterprises must be urged to implement rectifications. If the problems cannot be solved at that time, plans must be made to solve them on time.