Density of molten copper

The \"Handbook on Process Technology and Design for Small-Scale Ammonia Synthesis\" describes the density of copper melt as follows: The density of copper acetate-ammonia solution can be calculated using the following formula, with the error between the calculated value and the actual measured value being within 5%. r20=1+{0.037-0.01f} rt=r20-0.0006(t-20), where r20 is the density of the copper-ammonia solution at 20 degrees Celsius, in g/ml ； Density of copper-ammonia solution at rt-t degrees, g/ml ； -CuT plus total acid radicals, mol/L; t – temperature, degrees ； f – Free ammonia concentration, mol/L. When the pH of the solution is around 9–10, most of the carbon dioxide in the copper-ammonia solution exists in the form of HCO3-. Since the ionization constant of HCO3- is very small, a small amount of CO3- can be ignored. The concentration of free ammonia in the solution can be calculated using the following formula. f=T-{+2++} Using this calculation, the values of 1.2 to 1.25 that you see are correct.

The main components of copper melt include: high-valent copper ions, low-valent copper ions, free ammonia, bound ammonia, complexed ammonia, acetic acid and acetate ions, carbon dioxide, etc. Its density is related not only to temperature but also to the composition of the copper melt; using the method mentioned above for calculation is correct.

A book I read was even older; its data on the density of copper-ammonia solutions were classified according to washing for decarburization and carbonization processes. At 0 degrees Celsius, the densities were 1.215 and 1.188 respectively. The density varies significantly with temperature. However, these values are quite close to those provided by the original poster. When it’s not certain whether the data is correct, and if one doesn’t want to do the calculations, it’s possible to compare them with data from another book.

:victory: Thank you all